Hyperpnea

Hyperpnea
Other namesHyperpnoea
SpecialtyRespirology

Hyperpnea (forced respiration) is increased volume of air during breathing. It can occur with or without an increase in respiration rate. It is characterized by deep breathing.[1][2] It may be physiologic—as when required to meet metabolic demand of body tissues (for example, during or after exercise, or when the body lacks oxygen at high altitude or as a result of anemia)—or it may be pathologic, as when sepsis is severe. Hyperpnea is further characterized by the required use of muscle contraction during both inspiration and expiration. Thus, hyperpnea is active breathing as opposed to the passive process of normal expiration.[3]

Hyperpnea is distinguished from tachypnea, which is a respiratory rate greater than normal, resulting in rapid and shallow breaths.[2] Hyperpnea is also distinguished from hyperventilation, which is over-ventilation (an increase in minute ventilation), which involves an increase in volume and respiration rate, resulting in rapid and deep breaths.

Etymology and pronunciation

The word hyperpnea uses combining forms of hyper- + -pnea, yielding "excessive breathing". See pronunciation information at dyspnea.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Types of breathing at a glance". Healthline. 2020.
  2. 1 2 Whited L, Graham DD (2020). Abnormal Respirations. StatPearls. PMID 29262235. NBK470309.
  3. ↑ "39.3B: Types of Breathing". Biology LibreTexts. 2018-07-17. Retrieved 2021-11-21.
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