Bark isolate
Cinnamon
Sandalwood
Myrrh
Frankincense
Bark isolates are chemicals which have been extracted from bark. Prominent medical examples are salicylic acid (active metabolite of aspirin) and paclitaxel (Taxol). The pharmacology of bark isolates is an ongoing topic of medical research.
| Isolate | Bark source | Researched activity |
|---|---|---|
| Paclitaxel, taxanes | Taxus | chemotherapeutic |
| Paeonol | Paeonia suffruticosa[1] | various |
| Honokiol, 4-O-methylhonokiol, magnolol, obovatol | Magnolia | neurotrophic & anti-inflammatory |
| Salicylic acid | Salix alba | antipyretic, analgesic |
| Yohimbine, corynanthine, ajmalicine, rauwolscine | west African evergreen | MAOI, stimulant |
| beta-carbolines, harmala alkaloids | numerous | MAOI |
| Cinnamon, camphor, cinnamaldehyde | Cinnamomum | blood sugar stabilizer, antioxidant |
| Quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, cinchonine | Cinchona | antipyretic, analgesic, antimalarial |
| Safrole | Sassafras | |
| Huáng bǎi | Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense) | TCM |
| Strictamine | Alstonia scholaris | |
| Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra) | demulcent | |
| Geniposidic acid | Eucommia ulmoides | |
| N-methyltryptamine, serotonin analogs | numerous species from Brazil, Mexico, Taiwan | serotonin agonist, neuroimmunologic modulator |
| Quassin | Quassia amara | various |
| Celastrol | Tripterygium wilfordii[2] | various |
| Mitraphylline | Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) | anti-inflammatory |
| Ellagic acid, rutin, gallic acid, ethyl gallate[3] | Ailanthus altissima | various |
| Coronaridine, voacangine, ibogamine, ibogaine, tabernanthine | Voacanga africana, Tabernanthe iboga | neuroimmunologic modulator |
| Lapachol, quercetin | Pau D'Arco (Handroanthus impetiginosus) | therapeutic naphthoquinone |
| Icariin | Eucommia | PDE5 inhibitor |
| Baicalin | Oroxylum indicum | prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor |
| Frankincense, incensole | Boswellia sacra, Boswellia | incensole is a TRPV3 agonist |
| QS21 | Quillaja saponaria (soap bark tree) | potential immunologic adjuvant |
| Sandalwood oil, α-Santalol, β-Santalol | Sandalwood (Santalum) | Ayurvedic component |
| Bergenin, α-viniferin, ε-viniferin, diptoindonesin A | Bergenia ligulata, Dryobalanops aromatica, Mallotus japonicus | component of Ayurvedic medicine "Paashaanbhed" |
| Phenolic lactones | Caesalpinia paraguariensis | component of Bolivian traditional medicine |
| Erythravine | Erythrina mulungu | Brazilian medicinal plant |
| Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory compounds | Psidium guajava (Guava tree) | component of traditional medicine |
| Perfume resin | Agarwood / Oud Wood | aromatherapy |
| Opopanax, balsam, bdellium, bisabol | Myrrh (Commiphora) | component of Eastern-Mediterranean, Middle-Eastern, and North-African, traditional medicine |
| Rotenoids, piscidone | Jamaican dogwood (Piscidia piscipula) | component of Caribbean traditional medicine |
See also
- Lichen
- Rhizome
- Mycorrhiza
- History of aspirin
Notes
- ↑ Cai J, Chen S, Zhang W, Hu S, Lu J, Xing J, et al. (2014). "Paeonol reverses paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of transgelin 2". Phytomedicine. 21 (7): 984–91. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.012. PMID 24680370.
- ↑ Yang H, Chen D, Cui QC, Yuan X, Dou QP (2006). "Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice". Cancer Res. 66 (9): 4758–65. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4529. PMID 16651429.
- ↑ Lou KQ, Tang WZ, Wang XJ (2012). "[Study on chemical constituents from flowers of Ailanthus altissima]". Zhong Yao Cai. 35 (10): 1605–7. PMID 23627124.
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