Neurogenic placode

Neurogenic placode
Details
Precursorectoderm
Gives rise tocranial ganglia, peripheral nervous system
Identifiers
Latinplacode neurogenica
Anatomical terminology

A neurogenic placode is an area of thickening of the epithelium in the embryonic head ectoderm layer that gives rise to neurons and other structures of the sensory nervous system.[1]

Placodes are embryonic structures that give rise to structures such as hair follicles, feathers and teeth. The term "neurogenic placode" generally refers to cranial placodes that have neurogenic potential - i.e. those that give rise to neurons associated with the special senses and cranial ganglia. Cranial placodes include a diverse range of structures found across chordates, but the neurogenic placodes found in vertebrates arose later in evolution.[1]

In humans

The cranial placodes that have neurogenic potential (i.e. give rise to neurons) can be divided into two groups, the dorsolateral placodes and the epibranchial placodes.[1]

Other animals

  • The profundal placode, corresponding to the ophthalmic lobe of the trigeminal complex. In Xenopus this remains partly unfused.
  • In fish and larval amphibians, the lateral line placodes, which give rise to the lateral line system.
  • The hypobranchial placodes, a neurogenic placode found in some amphibians of unknown function[1]

Other ectodermal placodes

The term placode or ectodermal placode is sometimes used to refer specifically to cranial or neurogenic placodes, but is also used for areas of the ectoderm that give rise to structures such as mammary glands, feathers and hair.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Park, Saint-Jeannet (2010). Induction and Segregation of the Vertebrate Cranial Placodes. Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences.
  2. 1 2 Sommer, L. (2013-01-01), Rubenstein, John L. R.; Rakic, Pasko (eds.), "Chapter 20 - Specification of Neural Crest- and Placode-Derived Neurons", Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 385–400, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397265-1.00100-3, ISBN 978-0-12-397265-1, retrieved 2020-10-26
  3. hednk-027—Embryo Images at University of North Carolina
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