National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, a program of the National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences

Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis



Other Names:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, juvenile; JALS; Juvenile Charcot disease; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, juvenile; JALS; Juvenile Charcot disease; Juvenile Lou Gehrig disease See More
Categories:
Subtypes:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 2; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 2; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 5; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6 See More
This disease is grouped under:

Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) is a rare motor neuron disease characterized by progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Motor neurons are nerve cells that control voluntary muscle activity.[1] Symptoms of JALS typically begin before age 25, but often in early childhood.[1][2] Symptoms include facial spasticity, dysarthria, and a spastic gait (manner of walking). Some people have uncontrolled laughter and weeping, mild wasting of the legs and hands, bladder dysfunction, and/or sensory disturbances.[1] The disease is usually slowly progressive but rate of progression varies.[2] People with JALS may become unable to move by age 12 to age 50.[1]

JALS includes several subtypes, distinguished by the specific variations (mutations) in any of several genes, including:[1][2] There are some reports of  JALS caused by mutations in the  UBQLN2 (related to ALS15), FUS (related to ALS6) and TARDBP (related to ALS10) genes.[1][2][3][4]

Mutations may be inherited from a parent or may occur for the first time in a person with the disease.[2] Inheritance may be autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant depending on the gene involved.[1][2]

There is no specific treatment for JALS. Management generally involves physical and occupational therapy to promote mobility and independence.[1]

Last updated: 5/24/2018

Signs and symptoms of juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) begin before age 25 (which defines the juvenile form). All people with JALS eventually develop symptoms of both upper and lower motor dysfunction, but the symptoms, rate of progression, and severity varies from person to person.[5]

Signs of upper motor neuron dysfunction include the Babinski sign, muscle spasms, and overactive reflexes (hyperreflexia). Lower motor neuron signs include muscle wasting (atrophy), weakness, and muscle twitches.[5] Facial spasticity, slurred speech (dysarthria), and a spastic  gait are common. Some people with JALS have uncontrolled laughter or crying, bladder dysfunction, and/or sensory disturbances.[1] Cognitive function is not affected.[5] The disease is usually slowly progressive but the rate of progression varies.[2] People with JALS may become unable to move by age 12 to age 50.[1]
Last updated: 5/11/2017

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Showing of 12 |
Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal pyramidal sign 0007256
Abnormal upper motor neuron morphology
Abnormal shape of upper motor neuron
0002127
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 0007354
Dysarthria
Difficulty articulating speech
0001260
EMG abnormality 0003457
Gait disturbance
Abnormal gait
Abnormal walk
Impaired gait
[ more ]
0001288
Hyperreflexia
Increased reflexes
0001347
Spasticity
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm
0001257
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Decreased muscle mass 0003199
Pseudobulbar behavioral symptoms 0002193
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of the bladder 0000014
Sensory neuropathy
Damage to nerves that sense feeling
0000763
Showing of 12 |
Last updated: 7/1/2020

Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) can be caused by mutations in any of several genes including ALS2, SIGMAR1, SPG11, SETX, SOD1, UBQLN2, FUS, and TARDBP.[1][2] Mutations bay be inherited from a parent or occur for the first time in a person with the disease.[2] Inheritance may be autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant depending on the gene involved.[1][2]

Genes responsible for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are important for normal functioning of motor neurons and other cells. It isn't always clear how mutations in these genes cause ALS.[6]
Last updated: 5/11/2017

There is no specific treatment for juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS). Management generally involves strategies to to relieve symptoms and to promote mobility and independence.[1] Medications may include those for specific symptoms such as fatigue and muscle cramping. Physical therapy and special equipment can be helpful. Multidisciplinary teams of various health care professionals can help to develop personalized treatment plans.[7]

 

Last updated: 5/11/2017

Related diseases are conditions that have similar signs and symptoms. A health care provider may consider these conditions in the table below when making a diagnosis. Please note that the table may not include all the possible conditions related to this disease.

Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet
Differential diagnoses include juvenile primary lateral sclerosis and, to a lesser extent, infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis (see these terms).
Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.

Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.

Patient Registry


Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease


Living with a genetic or rare disease can impact the daily lives of patients and families. These resources can help families navigate various aspects of living with a rare disease.

Financial Resources

  • Patient Services, Inc (PSI) provides financial support and guidance for qualified patients with specific chronic diseases. PSI helps patients find solutions to the social and economic problems confronting patients with chronic conditions.

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

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  1. Bertini E. Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Orphanet. February, 2014; http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=en&Expert=300605.
  2. Liu ZJ, Lin HX, Liu GL, Tao QQ, Ni W, Xiao BG, Wu ZY. The investigation of genetic and clinical features in Chinese patients with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Genet. April, 2017; [Epub ahead of print]:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28429524.
  3. Zou ZY, Cui LY, Sun Q, Li XG, Liu MS, Xu Y, Zhou Y & Yang XZ. De novo FUS gene mutations are associated with juvenile-onset sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in China. Neurobiol Aging. April, 2013; 34(4):1312.e1-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23046859.
  4. Teyssou E, Chartier L, Amador MD & cols. Novel UBQLN2 mutations linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and atypical hereditary spastic paraplegia phenotype through defective HSP70-mediated proteolysis. Neurobiol Aging. October, 2017; 58:239.e11-239.e20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716533.
  5. Orban P, Devon RS, Hayden MR, Leavitt BR. Juvenile Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier; 2007; 82(3):301-312. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18808900.
  6. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Genetics Home Reference. March, 2016; http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.
  7. Kinsley L, Siddique T. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Overview. GeneReviews. February 12, 2015; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1450/.