National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, a program of the National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences

Infection-induced acute encephalopathy 3



Other Names:
Familial acute necrotizing encephalopathy; ADANE; Recurrent acute necrotizing encephalopathy; Familial acute necrotizing encephalopathy; ADANE; Recurrent acute necrotizing encephalopathy; Susceptibility to acute infection-induced encephalopathy-3; IIAE3; Autosomal dominant acute necrotizing encephalopathy; Postinfectious acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy; Susceptibility to acute necrotizing encephalopathy; Susceptibility to Infection-Induced Acute Encephalopathy 3; ANE1; Acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1 See More
Categories:
This disease is grouped under:

Infection-induced acute encephalopathy 3 (IIAE3) is the susceptibility to recurrent acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE). ANE refers to the brain lesions that develop within days following the onset of an acute viral illness caused by influenza A, influenza Bparainfluenza II, human herpes virus 6, coxsackie virus, or an enterovirus.[1] Although most cases occurs before six years of age, first episodes have been observed in teenagers and adults. ANE begins within 12 hours to three or four days of the first viral symptoms. Symptoms include fever, cough, congestion, vomiting, and diarrhea in the first few days, followed by neurological problems, such as seizures, hallucinations, difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia), or abnormal muscle tone.[1][2] Most affected individuals go into a coma, which usually lasts for a number of weeks. The condition is described as "acute" because the episodes of illness are time-limited. It is caused by mutations in the RANBP2 gene.  Inheritance is autosomal dominant. In many cases, treatment involves corticosteroids, as well as immunoglobulin therapy, plasmapheresis, and TNFα antagonists. In some cases, treatment is not required.[2]  
Last updated: 2/22/2017

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms Other Names
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HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Acute encephalopathy 0006846
Coma 0001259
Increased CSF protein 0002922
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal brainstem MRI signal intensity 0012747
Abnormal pattern of respiration
Abnormal respiratory patterns
Unusual breathing patterns
[ more ]
0002793
Abnormal putamen morphology 0031982
Abnormal visual fixation 0025404
Abnormality of thalamus morphology 0010663
Cerebral edema
Swelling of brain
0002181
Choroid hemorrhage 0011887
Developmental regression
Loss of developmental milestones
Mental deterioration in childhood
[ more ]
0002376
Dysarthria
Difficulty articulating speech
0001260
Fever 0001945
Gait disturbance
Abnormal gait
Abnormal walk
Impaired gait
[ more ]
0001288
Generalized muscle weakness 0003324
Gliosis 0002171
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation
[ more ]
0001249
Rigidity
Muscle rigidity
0002063
Seizure 0001250
Spastic tetraplegia 0002510
Vomiting
Throwing up
0002013
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Tetraplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs
0002445
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal dominant inheritance 0000006
Encephalopathy 0001298
Hypertonia 0001276
Incomplete penetrance 0003829
Infantile onset
Onset in first year of life
Onset in infancy
[ more ]
0003593
Pneumonia 0002090
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Last updated: 7/1/2020

If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.

You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources


Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease


These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.

Questions sent to GARD may be posted here if the information could be helpful to others. We remove all identifying information when posting a question to protect your privacy. If you do not want your question posted, please let us know.


  1. Neilson D. Susceptibility to Infection-Induced Acute Encephalopathy 3. GeneReviews. December 4, 2014; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK258641/.
  2. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1. Genetics Home Reference. July, 2016; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/acute-necrotizing-encephalopathy-type-1.