National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, a program of the National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences

Johnson neuroectodermal syndrome



Other Names:
Johnson-Mcmillin syndrome; Alopecia anosmia deafness hypogonadism syndrome; AADH syndrome
Categories:

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 2316

Definition
Johnson neuroectodermal syndrome is characterised by alopecia, anosmia or hyposmia, conductive deafness with malformed ears and microtia and/or atresia of the external auditory canal, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Epidemiology
So far, less than 30 cases have been described in the literature.

Clinical description
Other variable features include a congenital heart defect, facial asymmetry, intellectual deficit, cleft palate, choanal stenosis and an increased tendency for dental caries.

Etiology
The aetiology is unknown but the combination of developmental anomalies present in patients with this syndrome is suggestive of an embryological defect in the formation of the neuroectodermal derivatives of cephalic neural crest.

Genetic counseling
The syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.
Last updated: 10/1/2006

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Alopecia
Hair loss
0001596
Atresia of the external auditory canal
Absent ear canal
0000413
Conductive hearing impairment
Conductive deafness
Conductive hearing loss
[ more ]
0000405
Hypogonadism
Decreased activity of gonads
0000135
Sparse hair 0008070
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Absent eyebrow
Failure of development of eyebrows
0002223
Absent eyelashes
Failure of development of eyelashes
0000561
Carious teeth
Dental cavities
Tooth cavities
Tooth decay
[ more ]
0000670
Facial asymmetry
Asymmetry of face
Crooked face
Unsymmetrical face
[ more ]
0000324
Facial palsy
Bell's palsy
0010628
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation
[ more ]
0001249
Microtia
Small ears
Underdeveloped ears
[ more ]
0008551
Protruding ear
Prominent ear
Prominent ears
[ more ]
0000411
Severe short stature
Dwarfism
Proportionate dwarfism
Short stature, severe
[ more ]
0003510
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Anosmia
Lost smell
0000458
Bulbous nose 0000414
Choanal atresia
Blockage of the rear opening of the nasal cavity
Obstruction of the rear opening of the nasal cavity
[ more ]
0000453
Choanal stenosis
Narrowing of the rear opening of the nasal cavity
0000452
Cleft palate
Cleft roof of mouth
0000175
Decreased testicular size
Small testes
Small testis
[ more ]
0008734
Downslanted palpebral fissures
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids
0000494
Everted lower lip vermilion
Drooping lower lip
Outward turned lower lip
[ more ]
0000232
Failure to thrive
Faltering weight
Weight faltering
[ more ]
0001508
Hypohidrosis
Decreased ability to sweat
Decreased sweating
Sweating, decreased
[ more ]
0000966
Microcephaly
Small head circumference
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
[ more ]
0000252
Micropenis
Short penis
Small penis
[ more ]
0000054
Multiple cafe-au-lait spots 0007565
Patent ductus arteriosus 0001643
Preaxial hand polydactyly
Extra thumb
0001177
Retrognathia
Receding chin
Receding lower jaw
Weak chin
Weak jaw
[ more ]
0000278
Right aortic arch 0012020
Tetralogy of Fallot 0001636
Ventricular septal defect
Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers
0001629
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology 0030680
Autosomal dominant inheritance 0000006
Growth delay
Delayed growth
Growth deficiency
Growth failure
Growth retardation
Poor growth
Retarded growth
[ more ]
0001510
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 0000044
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature
[ more ]
0004322
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Last updated: 7/1/2020

If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.

You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources


Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.

Clinical Research Resources

  • The Centers for Mendelian Genomics program is working to discover the causes of rare genetic disorders. For more information about applying to the research study, please visit their website.

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease


These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Johnson neuroectodermal syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

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