National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, a program of the National Center for Advancing and Translational Sciences

Osteopetrosis autosomal recessive 4


Other Names:
OPTB4; Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis type 4; Osteopetrosis infantile malignant 2
Categories:
Osteopetrosis refers to a group of rare, inherited skeletal disorders characterized by increased bone density and abnormal bone growth.[1][2] Symptoms and severity can vary greatly, ranging from neonatal onset with life-threatening complications (such as bone marrow failure) to the incidental finding of osteopetrosis on X-ray. Depending on severity and age of onset, features may include fractures, short stature, compressive neuropathies (pressure on the nerves), hypocalcemia with attendant tetanic seizures, and life-threatening pancytopenia. In rare cases, there may be neurological impairment or involvement of other body systems.[1] Osteopetrosis may be caused by mutations in at least 10 genes. Inheritance can be autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-linked recessive with the most severe forms being autosomal recessive. Management depends on the specific symptoms and severity and may include vitamin D supplements, various medications, and/or surgery. Adult osteopetrosis requires no treatment by itself, but complications may require intervention.[3]
Last updated: 7/20/2016

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Showing of 50 |
Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal blistering of the skin
Blistering, generalized
Blisters
[ more ] 		0008066
Abnormality of epiphysis morphology
Abnormal shape of end part of bone
0005930
Abnormality of hair texture 0010719
Abnormality of temperature regulation
Poor temperature regulation
0004370
Abnormality of the metaphysis
Abnormality of the wide portion of a long bone
0000944
Abnormality of the ribs
Rib abnormalities
0000772
Abnormality of visual evoked potentials 0000649
Anemia
Low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin
0001903
Bone pain 0002653
Bowing of the long bones
Bowed long bones
Bowing of long bones
[ more ] 		0006487
Chronic rhinitis 0002257
Craniosynostosis 0001363
Delayed eruption of teeth
Delayed eruption
Delayed teeth eruption
Delayed tooth eruption
Eruption, delayed
Late eruption of teeth
Late tooth eruption
[ more ] 		0000684
Growth delay
Delayed growth
Growth deficiency
Growth failure
Growth retardation
Poor growth
Retarded growth
[ more ] 		0001510
Hearing impairment
Deafness
Hearing defect
[ more ] 		0000365
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged liver
0002240
Hydrocephalus
Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain
0000238
Lymphadenopathy
Swollen lymph nodes
0002716
Macrocephaly
Increased size of skull
Large head
Large head circumference
[ more ] 		0000256
Narrow chest
Low chest circumference
Narrow shoulders
[ more ] 		0000774
Nystagmus
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements
0000639
Opsoclonus 0010543
Optic nerve compression 0007807
Osteopetrosis
Harder, denser, fracture-prone bones
0011002
Otitis media
Middle ear infection
0000388
Pallor 0000980
Premature loss of primary teeth
Early loss of baby teeth
Premature loss of baby teeth
[ more ] 		0006323
Recurrent fractures
Increased fracture rate
Increased fractures
Multiple fractures
Multiple spontaneous fractures
Varying degree of multiple fractures
[ more ] 		0002757
Recurrent respiratory infections
Frequent respiratory infections
Multiple respiratory infections
respiratory infections, recurrent
Susceptibility to respiratory infections
[ more ] 		0002205
Reduced bone mineral density
Low solidness and mass of the bones
0004349
Splenomegaly
Increased spleen size
0001744
Tremor 0001337
Visual impairment
Impaired vision
Loss of eyesight
Poor vision
[ more ] 		0000505
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal pulmonary valve morphology 0001641
Apnea 0002104
Bruising susceptibility
Bruise easily
Easy bruisability
Easy bruising
[ more ] 		0000978
Cranial nerve paralysis 0006824
Hypocalcemia
Low blood calcium levels
0002901
Hypophosphatemia
Low blood phosphate level
0002148
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Increased blood pressure in blood vessels of lungs
0002092
Pulmonary artery stenosis
Narrowing of lung artery
0004415
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal recessive inheritance 0000007
Facial palsy
Bell's palsy
0010628
Hepatosplenomegaly
Enlarged liver and spleen
0001433
Optic atrophy 0000648
Optic disc pallor 0000543
Petechiae 0000967
Reticulocytosis
Increased immature red blood cells
Increased number of immature red blood cells
[ more ] 		0001923
Sclerotic vertebral endplates 0004576
Thrombocytopenia
Low platelet count
0001873
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Last updated: 7/1/2020

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.

You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources

Related diseases are conditions that have similar signs and symptoms. A health care provider may consider these conditions in the table below when making a diagnosis. Please note that the table may not include all the possible conditions related to this disease.

Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet
Infantile onset osteopetrosis should be distinguished from the much milder autosomal dominant adult disease and the carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, which is associated with renal tubular acidosis and less severe osteopetrosis.
Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.

Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.

Clinical Research Resources

  • ClinicalTrials.gov lists trials that are related to Osteopetrosis autosomal recessive 4. Click on the link to go to ClinicalTrials.gov to read descriptions of these studies.

    Please note: Studies listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website are listed for informational purposes only; being listed does not reflect an endorsement by GARD or the NIH. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted healthcare provider before choosing to participate in any clinical study.

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Social Networking Websites

  • RareConnect has an online community for patients and families with this condition so they can connect with others and share their experiences living with a rare disease. The project is a joint collaboration between EURORDIS (European Rare Disease Organisation) and NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders).

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

In-Depth Information

  • Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
  • MeSH® (Medical Subject Headings) is a terminology tool used by the National Library of Medicine. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Osteopetrosis autosomal recessive 4. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

Questions sent to GARD may be posted here if the information could be helpful to others. We remove all identifying information when posting a question to protect your privacy. If you do not want your question posted, please let us know.

  1. Zornitza Stark and Ravi Savarirayan. Osteopetrosis. Orphanet. October, 2012; http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=en&Expert=2781.
  2. David D. Sherry Frank Pessler. Osteopetroses. Merck Manual. 2016; http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/bone-disorders-in-children/osteopetroses.
  3. Robert Blank. Osteopetrosis. Medscape Reference. December 17, 2014; http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123968-overview.