شعب مانتشي تشول
شعب مانتشي أو شعب مانتشي تشول (بالإنجليزية: Manche Ch'ol) كان مجموعة بشرية من شعب المايا، سكنت أقصى جنوب ما يُعرف الآن بإدارة بيتين بجواتيمالا، وهي المنطقة المُحيطة بحيرة إيثابال، وجنوب بليز.[1] استمد شعب المانتشي تشول اسمه من مستوطنته الرئيسية التي تحمل نفس الاسم. كانوا آخر مجموعة من المتحدثين بلغة شولان الشرقية التي بقيت مُستقلة ومُتميزة عرقيًا.[2] ومن المُرجح أنها انحدرت من سكان مدن المايا العصر الكلاسيكي (250-900) في منطقة مايا الجنوبية الشرقية، مثل نيم لي بونيت، كوبان وكيوريجوا.
انظر أيضًا
مصادر
- Thompson 1966, p. 27; Jones 2000, p. 353
- Jones 2000, p. 353
مراجع
- American Philosophical Society. "Arte y vocabulario de la lengua Cholti, 1695" (PDF). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US: American Philosophical Society. Retrieved 2014-06-26.
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- Bracamonte y Sosa, Pedro. La conquista inconclusa de Yucatán: los mayas de las montañas, 1560-1680 (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Investogaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Universidad de Quintana Roo. ISBN 970-701-159-9. OCLC 49519206.
- Caso Barrera, Laura; and Mario Aliphat Fernández (2006). "Cacao, vanilla and annatto: three production and exchange systems in the Southern Maya lowlands, XVI–XVII centuries". Journal of Latin American Geography. Austin, Texas, US: University of Texas Press. 5 (2): 29–52. doi:10.1353/lag.2006.0015. ISSN 1545-2476. JSTOR 25765138. OCLC 356573308. (subscription required)
- Caso Barrera, Laura; and Mario Aliphat (2007). J.P. Laporte, B. Arroyo and H. Mejía, eds. "Relaciones de Verapaz y las Tierras Bajas Mayas Centrales en el siglo XVII" (PDF). Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala. Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. XX (2006): 48–58. OCLC 173275417. Retrieved 2014-06-26. (Spanish)
- Caso Barrera, Laura; Mario Aliphat Fernández (September 2012). "Mejores son huertos de cacao y achiote que minas de oro y plata: Huertos especializados de los choles del Manche y de los k'ekchi'es". Latin American Antiquity. Society for American Archaeology. 23 (3): 282–299. doi:10.7183/1045-6635.23.3.282. (Spanish) (subscription required)
- Feldman, Lawrence H. (2000). Lost Shores, Forgotten Peoples: Spanish Explorations of the South East Maya Lowlands. Durham, North Carolina, US: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-2624-8. OCLC 254438823.
- Fought, John (1984). "Choltí Maya: A Sketch". In Victoria Reifler Bricker and Munro S. Edmonson. Supplement to the Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volume 2: Linguistics. Austin, Texas, US: University of Texas Press. pp. 43–55. ISBN 0-292-77577-6. OCLC 310668657.
- Hopkins, Nicholas A. (1985). "On the History of the Chol Language". In Merle Greene Robertson and Virginia M. Fields. Fifth Palenque Round Table, 1983 (PDF). San Francisco, California, US: The Pre-Columbian Art Institute. pp. 1–5. LCCN 85060786. OCLC 12111843.
- ITMB (2000). México South East (Map) (2nd ed.). 1:1000000. International Travel Maps. Richmond, British Columbia, Canada: ITMB Publishing. ISBN 0-921463-22-7. OCLC 46660694.
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- Jones, Grant D. (2000). "The Lowland Maya, from the Conquest to the Present". In Richard E.W. Adams and Murdo J. Macleod (eds.). The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol. II: Mesoamerica, part 2. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 346–391. ISBN 0-521-65204-9. OCLC 33359444.
- Lovell, W. George (2000). "The Highland Maya". In Richard E.W. Adams and Murdo J. Macleod (eds.). The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol. II: Mesoamerica, part 2. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 392–444. ISBN 0-521-65204-9. OCLC 33359444.
- Palka, Joel W. (2014). Maya Pilgrimage to Ritual Landscapes: Insights from Archaeology, History, and Ethnography. Albuquerque, New Mexico, US: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-5474-7. OCLC 864411009.
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- Schwartz, Norman B. (1990). Forest Society: A Social History of Peten, Guatemala. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1316-5. OCLC 21974298.
- Sharer, Robert J.; with Loa P. Traxler (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
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- بوابة بليز
- بوابة غواتيمالا
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