مؤلف رسائل بولس

رسائل بولس هي أربعة عشر رسالة في العهد الجديد تنسب تقليديا إلى بولس الطرطوسي، على الرغم من أن العديد يعترضون على نسب بعضها له، خصوصا الرسالة إلى العبرانيين.[1][2][3]

هناك ما يشبه الإجماع في الآراء الحديثة لباحثي العهد الجديد على تأليف بولس لمجموعة معينة نادرا ما يتم التنازع حولها: أهل روما، 1 و 2 كورنثوس، غلاطية، فيلبي، 1 تسالونيكي، فليمون. عدة رسائل إضافية تحمل اسم بولس هناك اختلاف عليها بين العلماء وهي أفسس، كولوسي، 2 تسالونيكي، 1 و 2 تيموثاوس وتيطس. الرأي العلمي هو انقسام حاد حول ما إذا كانت كل من كولوسي و2 تسالونيكي هي رسائل حقيقية من تأليف بولس. الرسائل الأربعة المتبقية المطعون فيها: -أفسس، وكذلك الثلاثة المعروفين باسم الرسائل الرعوية (1 و2 تيموثاوس وتيطس) – قد وصفت بأنها مؤلفات منحولة (منسوبة لغير صاحبها) من أغلب العلماء.[4][5][6] وقد اقترح بعض العلماء أن بولس قد استخدم amanuensis، أو سكرتير في كتابة هذه الرسائل المتنازع عليها.[7] بينما وفقا لتيموثي فريك، وبيتر غاندي، فقد حدث تزوير لها بعد وفاة بولس في محاولة من الكنيسة لضم أنصار بولس الغنوصيين وقلب الحجج الواردة في الرسائل الأخرى على رؤوسهم.[8][9]

هناك نوعان من الأمثلة على الرسائل المكتوبة باسم بولس التي ليست من رسائل العهد الجديد، وهي: الرسالة إلى Laodiceans و3 كورنثوس.

الرسالة إلى العبرانيين هي في الواقع مجهولة المؤلف، لكنها كانت تقليديا منسوبة إلى بولس. أب الكنيسة أوريجانوس في الإسكندرية رفض فكرة تأليف بولس للعبرانيين وبدلا من ذلك أكد أنه على الرغم من أن الأفكار المذكورة في هذه الرسالة هي بولسية، الرسالة نفسها قد تم كتابتها من قبل شخص آخر.[10] معظم العلماء الحديثين بصفة عامة يتفقون على أن العبرانيين لم تكتب من قبل بولس. تم اقتراح مؤلفين آخرين محتملين.[11]

الحالة	التصنيف[12]^(3:10)	الرسالة
غير متنازع عليها	رسائل أصلية من تأليف بولس	تسالونيكي 1 غلاطية كورنثوس 1 كورنثوس 2 فيلبي فليمون أهل رومية
متنازع عليها	Deutero-Pauline epistles; ربما تكون أصلية	الرسالة إلى أهل أفسس الرسالة إلى أهل كولوسي تسالونيكي 2
	الرسائل الرعوية; ربما تكون غير أصلية[12]	تيموثاوس 1 تيموثاوس 2 تيطس
	موعظة مجهولة المؤلف; غير أصلية	الرسالة إلى العبرانيين

مراجع

The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament by David E. Aune (ردمك 1405108258) page 9 "While seven of the letters attributed to Paul are almost universally accepted as authentic (Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, Philemon), four are just as widely judged to be pseudepigraphical, i.e. written by unknown authors under Paul's name: Ephesians and the Pastorals (1 and 2 Timothy and Titus).
Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible by جيمس دان (أستاذ جامعي) (Nov 19, 2003) (ردمك 0802837115) page 1274 "There is general scholarly agreement that seven of the thirteen letters beariing Paul's name are authentic, but his authorship of the other six cannot be taken for granted... Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians and Philemon are certainly Paul's own."
Though Hebrews was almost certainly not written by Paul, it has been a part of the Pauline corpus "from the beginning of extant MS production" (دانيال بي. والاس "Hebrews: Introduction, Argument, and Outline.") https://web.archive.org/web/20031011120719/http://www.bible.org/docs/soapbox/hebotl.htm.
"An Introduction to the Pauline Letters"، مؤرشف من الأصل في 23 نوفمبر 2016، اطلع عليه بتاريخ أغسطس 2020. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)
Stanley E. Porter, “Pauline Authorship and the Pastoral Epistles: Implications for Canon,” Bulletin for Biblical Research 5 (1995): 105–23. https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/bbr/pastoral-epistles_porter.pdf نسخة محفوظة 2017-08-12 على موقع واي باك مشين.
The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament by David E. Aune (ردمك 1405108258) p. 9 "While seven of the letters attributed to Paul are almost universally accepted as authentic (Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, Philemon), four are just as widely judged to be pseudepigraphical, i.e. written by unknown authors under Paul's name: Ephesians and the Pastorals (1 and 2 Timothy and Titus).
Richards, E. Randolph. Paul and First-Century Letter Writing: Secretaries, Composition and Collection. Downers Grove, IL; Leicester, England: InterVarsity Press; Apollos, 2004.
Cutner, Herbert (01 يوليو 1986)، Jesus: God, Man Or Myth، Health Research Books، ص. 33، ISBN 978-0-7873-0235-1، مؤرشف من الأصل في 27 أغسطس 2019، In his pamphlet Paul the Gnostic Opponent of Peter Gerald Massey proves quite clearly to any unbiased reader that "Paul was not a supporter of the system known as Historical Christianity, which was founded on a belief in the Christ carnalized; an assumption that the Christ had been made flesh, but that he was its unceasing and deadly opponent during his lifetime; and that after his death his writings were tampered with, interpolated, and re-indoctrinated by his old enemies, the forgers and falsifiers, who first began to weave the web of the Papacy in Rome."
Freke, Timothy؛ Gandy, Peter (يونيو 2006)، The Laughing Jesus: Religious Lies And Gnostic Wisdom، Three Rivers Press (CA)، ص. 73، ISBN 978-1-4000-8279-7، مؤرشف من الأصل في 3 يناير 2020، Not only is Irenaeus the first person in history to mention Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and The Acts of the Apostles, he also claims to be in possession of a number of letters by Paul which have not been heard of previously. In these letters, which are known as the 'pastorals', Paul has been transformed from a Gnostic into a Literalist. Of the thirteen letters attributed to Paul in the New Testament, the three letters that are most widely dismissed by scholars as forgeries are the pastorals, which Gnostics at the time also refused to acknowledge as authentic.
[Origen of Alexandria, quoted by] Eusebius of Alexandria. Ecclesiastical History 6.25.
Terrence L. Szink, “Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews” in How the New Testament Came to Be: The Thirty-fifth Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium, ed. Kent P. Jackson and Frank F. Judd Jr. (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2006), 243–59. https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/selected-articles/authorship-epistle-hebrews نسخة محفوظة 2019-11-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.
Bart D. Ehrman (2002). "16: Forgeries in the Name of Paul". Lost Christianities. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 15 July 2018. نسخة محفوظة 3 يناير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.

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[Aune92-1] The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament by David E. Aune (ردمك 1405108258) page 9 "While seven of the letters attributed to Paul are almost universally accepted as authentic (Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, Philemon), four are just as widely judged to be pseudepigraphical, i.e. written by unknown authors under Paul's name: Ephesians and the Pastorals (1 and 2 Timothy and Titus).

[EerdDunn2-2] Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible by جيمس دان (أستاذ جامعي) (Nov 19, 2003) (ردمك 0802837115) page 1274 "There is general scholarly agreement that seven of the thirteen letters beariing Paul's name are authentic, but his authorship of the other six cannot be taken for granted... Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians and Philemon are certainly Paul's own."

[3] Though Hebrews was almost certainly not written by Paul, it has been a part of the Pauline corpus "from the beginning of extant MS production" (دانيال بي. والاس "Hebrews: Introduction, Argument, and Outline.") https://web.archive.org/web/20031011120719/http://www.bible.org/docs/soapbox/hebotl.htm.

[4] "An Introduction to the Pauline Letters"، مؤرشف من الأصل في 23 نوفمبر 2016، اطلع عليه بتاريخ أغسطس 2020. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)

[5] Stanley E. Porter, “Pauline Authorship and the Pastoral Epistles: Implications for Canon,” Bulletin for Biblical Research 5 (1995): 105–23. https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/bbr/pastoral-epistles_porter.pdf نسخة محفوظة 2017-08-12 على موقع واي باك مشين.

[6] The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament by David E. Aune (ردمك 1405108258) p. 9 "While seven of the letters attributed to Paul are almost universally accepted as authentic (Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, Philemon), four are just as widely judged to be pseudepigraphical, i.e. written by unknown authors under Paul's name: Ephesians and the Pastorals (1 and 2 Timothy and Titus).

[7] Richards, E. Randolph. Paul and First-Century Letter Writing: Secretaries, Composition and Collection. Downers Grove, IL; Leicester, England: InterVarsity Press; Apollos, 2004.

[8] Cutner, Herbert (01 يوليو 1986)، Jesus: God, Man Or Myth، Health Research Books، ص. 33، ISBN 978-0-7873-0235-1، مؤرشف من الأصل في 27 أغسطس 2019، In his pamphlet Paul the Gnostic Opponent of Peter Gerald Massey proves quite clearly to any unbiased reader that "Paul was not a supporter of the system known as Historical Christianity, which was founded on a belief in the Christ carnalized; an assumption that the Christ had been made flesh, but that he was its unceasing and deadly opponent during his lifetime; and that after his death his writings were tampered with, interpolated, and re-indoctrinated by his old enemies, the forgers and falsifiers, who first began to weave the web of the Papacy in Rome."

[9] Freke, Timothy؛ Gandy, Peter (يونيو 2006)، The Laughing Jesus: Religious Lies And Gnostic Wisdom، Three Rivers Press (CA)، ص. 73، ISBN 978-1-4000-8279-7، مؤرشف من الأصل في 3 يناير 2020، Not only is Irenaeus the first person in history to mention Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and The Acts of the Apostles, he also claims to be in possession of a number of letters by Paul which have not been heard of previously. In these letters, which are known as the 'pastorals', Paul has been transformed from a Gnostic into a Literalist. Of the thirteen letters attributed to Paul in the New Testament, the three letters that are most widely dismissed by scholars as forgeries are the pastorals, which Gnostics at the time also refused to acknowledge as authentic.

[10] [Origen of Alexandria, quoted by] Eusebius of Alexandria. Ecclesiastical History 6.25.

[11] Terrence L. Szink, “Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews” in How the New Testament Came to Be: The Thirty-fifth Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium, ed. Kent P. Jackson and Frank F. Judd Jr. (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2006), 243–59. https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/selected-articles/authorship-epistle-hebrews نسخة محفوظة 2019-11-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.

[LC16-12] Bart D. Ehrman (2002). "16: Forgeries in the Name of Paul". Lost Christianities. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 15 July 2018. نسخة محفوظة 3 يناير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.