Ông Địa

Ông Địa (Hán-Nôm: 翁地), Thổ Địa (土地), Thổ Công (土公) or Thần Đất (神坦), is the god of the earth and patron of the land on which the houses is built. He is one of the most commonly worshiped deities in Vietnam.

Ông Địa
God of the earth
Ông Địa in Southern Vietnamese glass paintings
Other namesThổ Công (土公)
Thổ Địa (土地)
Thổ Địa Công (土地公)
Ông Công (翁公)
Thổ Kỳ (土祇)
Thần Đất (神坦)
Thổ Thần (土神)
Xã Thần (社神)
Thần Thổ Địa (神土地)

Mythology

The altar to worship Ông Địa and Thần Tài at Di Lặc Temple

In Vietnamese mythology, the Thần Đất is a god who looks after the earth. He takes on the form of a fat old man, quite similar to the appearance of the monk Budai, the famous so-called "Laughing Buddha". On the last seven days of the year, he goes to heaven to report everything to Ông Trời, like Ông Táo (Ông Táo also has to go to heaven in the last few days of the year to report everything to Ông Trời). In the days of Thần Đất's absence, the earth ceases to function. On the 30rd day of the 12th lunar month (according to the Vietnamese calendar), Thần Đất returns to awaken all things. Also, during that time of Thần Đất's absence, people did not dare to touch the land of the Thần Đất since they had to wait until the second day of the year after the "Động thổ" ceremony to worship Thần Đất, then they would dig the land again or plow it.[1]

Thần Đất was beaten

The narrative tells that there was a very poor man, he worked all year round and was still miserable. He then found his way to heaven to meet Ông Trời to ask the reason. After walking for ninety days, he came to a forest when it was getting dark, and he rested there. However, there were so many mosquitoes in that forest that he had to find dry wood to light a fire to chase away mosquitoes. Unexpectedly, in the firewood he picked up, there was agarwood, so when he burned it, the fragrant smoke from the agarwood flew to Ngọc Hoàng's place. Ngọc Hoàng then sent Thần Đất to see who burned agarwood and asked why they burned agarwood. Thần Đất immediately appeared in front of the man to ask why he burned agarwood. He said that he wanted to sue Ông Trời because Ông Trời treated him unfairly. Thần Đất asked him if he wanted to live to 100 years old but he said that he would rather live to be 30 but rich than live long and be poor. Thần Đất immediately agreed to go to heaven to tell Ngọc Hoàng the man's wish. But after Thần Đất was about to leave, he hugged Thần Đất's leg and asked Thần Đất to let him follow him to meet Ngọc Hoàng. Thổ Thần refused and threatened that if he did not release him, he would report the Ngọc Hoàng to make the man poorer. However, he was not only not afraid but also grabbed Thần Đất's hair to beat, Thần Đất struggled to escape and returned to heaven to report to Ngọc Hoàng. Ngọc Hoàng found this man strange but finally gave this man to be as rich as he wanted. It is said that in the end, the guy from then on was indeed rich and happy. But he knew that he had only a short life to live, so how much of his wealth was distributed to everyone for common consumption. In the end, these people prayed to the Ngọc Hoàng to let him live longer. Ngọc Hoàng changed his mind and let him live to be 100 years old.[2][3]

The story of Ông Địa's big belly

In the past, Ông Địa had a normal belly like everyone else's. At that time, Ông Địa was close with Hà Bá (river god). There was a widow in the area, with a very sour temper, but she had a very beautiful daughter. She has a habit, whenever she curses at her child, she will curse her as a Hà Bá. Seeing this, Ông Địa found Hà Bá, both real and joking, and asked Haba if he wanted to get married, so that he could act as a matchmaker. Hà Bá was so happy that he agreed. Ông Địa made an appointment tomorrow morning to take Hà Bá to ask for a wedding. The next day, at dawn, Hà Bá followed Ông Địa to the gate of that widow's house. It was still early, the youngest daughter did not wake up, only her mother got up to clean the yard. There is a female dog in the middle of the yard, it seems that it has to stay awake, so it still lies there, refusing to go away. Can't chase forever, she got angry and hit the dog with a broom handle, calling the dog a Hà Bá. Hà Bá was surprised and angry and kicked Ông Địa. Who would have thought that there was only one pedal, Ông Địa fell into the canal. Not taking into account this irony, Ông Địa laughed too hard, fell into the canal but still laughed, so he drank too much canal water. So much so that his belly bulged, and then gradually got bigger, until it was too big like it is now.[4]

Worship

Painting depicting Vietnamese people making offerings to Ông Địa in the book A Voyage to Cochin China, in the years 1792 and 1793
Ông Địa in Southern Vietnamese glass paintings

Ông Địa and Thần Tài are two of the most commonly worshiped gods in Vietnam. The shrines can also be found in other Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia. They are worshiped widely in temples, đình, company offices, shops, restaurants and private houses.[5]

Altar of Ông Địa and Thần Tài at private house
Thổ Địa statue in Bích Động Temple

See also

References

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