Ō no Yasumaro

Ō no Yasumaro (太 安万侶, died August 15, 723) was a Japanese nobleman, bureaucrat, and chronicler. He may have been the son of Ō no Honji (多 品治), a participant in the Jinshin War of 672.[1]

Ō no Yasumaro
Portrait of Ō no Yasumaro by Kikuchi Yōsai (19th century)
BornUnknown
Died11 August 723
Burial place451 Konosecho, Nara, 630-2177, Japan
Occupation(s)bureaucrat, chronicler
Known forCompiling the Kojiki
Notable workKojiki, Nihonshoki
TitleJunior Fourth Rank, Minbukyo (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), 5th Class Award
Parent
  • Ō no Honji (多 品治) (father)
In this Japanese name, the surname is Ō.

He is most famous for compiling and editing, with the assistance of Hieda no Are, the Kojiki, the oldest extant Japanese history. Empress Genmei (r. 707-721) charged Yasumaro with the duty of writing the Kojiki in 711 using the differing clan chronicles and native myths. It was finished the following year and presented to Empress Genmei in 3 volumes in 712.[2][3]

Career Details

In 704, Yasumaro was promoted from Shorokuinoge (Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade) to the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).

In 711, Yasumaro was promoted to Shogoinojo (Senior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade). In September of the same year, Emperor Genmei presumably ordered him to combine two pre-existing documents, the "Imperial Sun-lineage" and "Ancient Dicta of Former Ages",[3] which was learned and recited by Hieda no Are,[3] in order to create a historical compilation by following genealogical documents of the imperial line.[3] This historical compilation was called the Kojiki, and it was completed in the following year in 712. At the end of the Yuan-ing Dynasty, in 715, Yasumaro was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).

In 716, Yasumaro became the head of the Ō shi (多氏) clan . During this period, Yasumaro most likely also played an active role in compiling the Nihon Shoki, which was finished in 720.[2][4] He died on July 6, 723 at the end of the Genjo Dynasty. His final official rank was Minbukyo Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).

In 1911, he was posthumously promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank).

Ō no Yasumaro Epitaph
The tombstone and pearls that were found in the grave of Ō no Yasumaro. In 1980, it was designated as an National Cultural Artifact by the government of Japan. The tombstone is made of bronze. It is exhibited at the Museum attached to the Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture.

On January 20, 1979, the grave of Ō no Yasumaro was unearthed in a tea plantation in Konose Ward of Nara City. Its engraving reads:

左京四條四坊従四位下勲五等太朝臣安萬侶以癸亥
年七月六日卒之 養老七年十二月十五日乙巳

"Ō no Yasumaro, Junior 4th Grade Lower, 5th Grade Order of Merit, who lived in the 4th Ward of 4th Street on the left (east) side of the Capital,
Who died on the 6th day of the 7th month of the Kigai year (723, in this case). [Inscribed on] the 15th day of 12th month of the 7th year of Yōrō (also 723) [by] Ki no Tomi"

[5]

In fiction

Yasumaro appears in the video game Toukiden: The Age of Demons as a mitama (a soul of a hero from Japanese history).

Yasumaro appears in the video game Sid Meier's Civilization VI as a Great Prophet.

Notes
  1. Philippi (1968:546)
  2. Obunsha Japanese Encyclopedia 3rd Edition
  3. L. Philippi, Donald (1969). Kojiki. Princeton University Press, University of Tokyo Press. pp. 3, 5, 8.
  4. Aston (1995:xv)
  5. "Grave of Ancient Scholar Discovered", Japan Report, April 1, 1979, p. 8

References
  • Aston, W G; Terrence Barrow (1995). Nihongi : chronicles of Japan from the earliest times to A. D. 697. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8048-3674-6.
  • Philippi, Donald L. (1968). Kojiki. Tōkyō: University of Tokyo Press. ISBN 0-86008-320-9.
  • Heldt, Gustav (2014). The Kojiki: An Account of Ancient Matters. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-16389-7.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.