σ-Algebra of τ-past

Let ${\displaystyle \tau }$ be a stopping time on the filtered probability space ${\displaystyle (\Omega ,{\mathcal {A}},({\mathcal {F}}_{t})_{t\in T},P)}$. Then the σ-algebra

${\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{\tau }:=\{A\in {\mathcal {A}}\mid \forall t\in T\colon \{\tau \leq t\}\cap A\in {\mathcal {F}}_{t}\}}$

is called the σ-algebra of τ-past.[1][2]

The same way ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{t}}$ is all the information up to time ${\displaystyle t}$, ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{\tau }}$ is all the information up time ${\displaystyle \tau }$. The only difference is that ${\displaystyle \tau }$ is random. For example, if you had a random walk, and you wanted to ask, “How many times did the random walk hit −5 before it first hit 10?”, then letting ${\displaystyle \tau }$ be the first time the random walk hit 10, ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{\tau }}$ would give you the information to answer that question.[3]