Mathematical Operators (Unicode block)

Mathematical Operators is a Unicode block containing characters for mathematical, logical, and set notation.

Mathematical Operators
RangeU+2200..U+22FF
(256 code points)
PlaneBMP
ScriptsCommon
Symbol setsMathematical symbols
Logic and Set operators
Relation symbols
Assigned256 code points
Unused0 reserved code points
Unicode version history
1.0.0 (1991)242 (+242)
3.2 (2002)256 (+14)
Unicode documentation
Code chart ∣ Web page
Note: [1][2]

Notably absent are the plus sign (+), greater than sign (>) and less than sign (<), due to them already appearing in the Basic Latin Unicode block, and the plus-or-minus sign (±), multiplication sign (×) and obelus (÷), due to them already appearing in the Latin-1 Supplement block, although a distinct minus sign () is included, differing from the Basic Latin hyphen-minus (-).

Block

Mathematical Operators[1]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+220x
U+221x
U+222x
U+223x
U+224x
U+225x
U+226x
U+227x
U+228x
U+229x
U+22Ax
U+22Bx
U+22Cx
U+22Dx
U+22Ex
U+22Fx
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1

Variation sequences

The Mathematical Operators block has sixteen variation sequences defined for standardized variants.[3][4] They use U+FE00 VARIATION SELECTOR-1 (VS01) to denote variant symbols (depending on the font):

Variation sequences
Base characterBase+VS01Description
U+2205 EMPTY SETzero with long diagonal stroke overlay form
U+2229 INTERSECTIONwith serifs
U+222A UNIONwith serifs
U+2268 LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TOwith vertical stroke
U+2269 GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TOwith vertical stroke
U+2272 LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TOfollowing the slant of the lower leg
U+2273 GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TOfollowing the slant of the lower leg
U+228A SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TOwith stroke through bottom members
U+228B SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TOwith stroke through bottom members
U+2293 SQUARE CAPwith serifs
U+2294 SQUARE CUPwith serifs
U+2295 CIRCLED PLUSwith white rim
U+2297 CIRCLED TIMESwith white rim
U+229C CIRCLED EQUALSwith equal sign touching the circle
U+22DA LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THANwith slanted equal
U+22DB GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THANwith slanted equal

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Mathematical Operators block:

VersionFinal code points[lower-alpha 1]CountUTC IDL2 IDWG2 IDDocument
1.0.0U+2200..22F1242(to be determined)
UTC/1999-013Karlsson, Kent (1999-05-27), Tildes and micro sign decompositions
L2/99-176RMoore, Lisa (1999-11-04), "Not Tilde", Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999
L2/00-115R2Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M21", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
L2/01-342Suignard, Michel (2001-09-10), "T.9 B.1 List of combining characters/Variation selectors", Comments accompanying the US positive vote on the FPDAM 1 to ISO/IEC 10646-1:2001
L2/07-268N3253 (pdf, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-07-26), "M50.7 (Math symbol glyph correction) [U+22C4]", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 50, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany; 2007-04-24/27
L2/15-268Beeton, Barbara; Freytag, Asmus; Iancu, Laurențiu; Sargent, Murray (2015-10-30), Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set
L2/15-254Moore, Lisa (2015-11-16), "B.12.1.2 Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set", UTC #145 Minutes
3.2U+22F2..22FF14L2/00-119[lower-alpha 2]N2191RWhistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2000-04-19), Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode
L2/00-234N2203 (rtf, txt)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-07-21), "8.18", Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24
L2/00-115R2Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M11", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
  1. Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names
  2. Refer to the history section of the Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block for additional math-related documents

See also

References

  1. "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  3. "Unicode Character Database: Standardized Variation Sequences". The Unicode Consortium.
  4. Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2000-04-19), "Symbol variants defined using a Variation Selector", L2/00-119: Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode (PDF)
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