Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS; Chinese: 中国科学院)[3] is the national academy, research organization, consultancy of the People's Republic of China for natural sciences.[4] It is the world's largest research organization, with 100 research institutes, 3 universities, 69 thousand full-time employees, and 79 thousand graduate students.[5] It has been consistently ranked among the top research organizations around the world.[6][7][8]

This article is about the national academy of China. For the institution at Taipei, see Academia Sinica.

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Seal of the Academy
Other name中国科学院 (Native Name)
Parent institutionState Council of China
Founder(s)Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government (emerged to the State Council in 1954)
Established1 November 1949 (1949-11-01)
FocusNatural sciences
PresidentHou Jianguo
Staff69,000 (2022)[1]
Key peopleYin Hejun, Vice President
BudgetCN¥162.1 billion (2022)[2]
Formerly calledAcademia Sinica (1949–1980s)
Address52 Sanlihe Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
Location
Nationwide
,
China
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese中国科学院
Traditional Chinese中國科學院
Websiteenglish.cas.cn

The Chinese Academy of Sciences has historical origins in the Academia Sinica during the Republican era and was formerly also known by that name until the 1980s. The academy functions as the national scientific think tank and academic governing body, providing advisory and appraisal services on issues stemming from the national economy, social development, and science and technology progress. It is headquartered in Beijing, with affiliate institutes throughout China. It has also created hundreds of commercial enterprises, Lenovo being one of the most famous.

CAS has been ranked the No. 1 research institute in the world by Nature Index since the list's inception in 2014 by Nature Portfolio.[9][6][10][11][12][13] It was the most productive institution publishing articles on sustainable development indexed in Web of Science from 1981 to 2018 among all universities and research institutions in the world.[14] The academy also runs the University of Science and Technology of China and the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,[15] which is among the world's top five universities ranked by Nature Index.[16][17]

Membership
Main article: List of members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
See also: List of foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Membership of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also known by the title Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese: 中国科学院院士), is a lifelong honor given to Chinese scientists who have made significant achievements in various fields. According to the Bylaws for Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences adopted in 1992 and recently amended in 2014, it is the highest academic title in China. A formal CAS member must hold Chinese citizenship, although foreign citizens may be elected as CAS foreign academicians. Members older than 80 are designated as "senior members" and may no longer hold leading positions in the organization.[18] Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences carry an obligation to advance science and technology, to advocate and uphold scientific spirit, to develop a scientific and technological workforce, to attend member meetings and receive consultation and evaluation tasks, and to promote international exchanges and cooperation. Academicians can give suggestions and influence Chinese state policy related to science and technology.[19]

Organization
Main entrance to Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, CAS, in Ningbo, Zhejiang
Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing

Scientific integrity

On 26 February 2007, CAS published a Declaration of Scientific Ideology and set up a commission for scientific integrity to promote transparency, autonomy and accountability of scientific research in the country. Around that same time, the Ministry of Science and Technology also initiated measures to address misconduct in state-funded programs.[20]

Publications
Science China
LanguageEnglish
Standard abbreviations
ISO 4Sci. China

Together with the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the academy publishes the peer-reviewed academic journal, Science China (also known as Science in China). Science China comprises seven series:[21]

  • A: Mathematics
  • B: Chemistry
  • C: Life Sciences
  • D: Earth Sciences
  • E: Technological Sciences
  • F: Information Sciences
  • G: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy

CAS also promotes the China Open Access Journals (COAJ) platform,[22] a national variant of the international Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Awards

Since 1999, the CAS has issued the annual State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, presented by the President of China to the recipient.[23]

International cooperation

The Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth is a branch of CAS. The Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth was a customer of Swedish Space Corporation (SSC), which provides data transmission services from satellites for a wide range of societal functions.[24] It was reported by Reuters on 21 September 2020 that SSC decided not to renew the contracts with China to help operate Chinese satellites from SSC's ground stations, or seek new business with China.[25]

In 2023, the Pasteur Institute suspended ties with CAS.[26]

See also

References

Citations
  1. "中国科学院简介----中国科学院". Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  2. "中国科学院2022年部门预算" [2022 Budget of the Chinese Academy of Sciences] (PDF). Chinese Academy of Sciences (in Chinese). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  3. KÜHNER, HANS (1984). "Between Autonomy and Planning: The Chinese Academy of Sciences in Transition". Minerva. 22 (1): 13–44. doi:10.1007/BF02207555. ISSN 0026-4695. JSTOR 41820552. PMID 11611662. S2CID 21494880. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  4. "中国科学院章程----中国科学院". www.cas.cn. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  5. "中国科学院简介----中国科学院". www.cas.cn. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  6. "Nature Global Institutions Ranking, 2013–2014". Nature. 522 (7556): S34–S44. 2015. doi:10.1038/522S34a. ISSN 0028-0836.
  7. "Nature Global Institutions Ranking, 2016 tables". Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  8. O'Meara, Sarah (20 April 2016). "Ten institutions that dominated science in 2015". Nature Index. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  9. "Nature Index tables 2012–2013". Nature. 515 (7526): S98–S108. 2014. doi:10.1038/515S98a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25390156.
  10. "2016 tables: Institutions". Nature Index. Springer Nature. 2016. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  11. "2017 tables: Institutions". Nature Index. Springer Nature. 2017. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  12. "2018 tables: Institutions". Nature Index. Springer Nature. 2018. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  13. "2021 tables: Institutions". Nature Index. Springer Nature. 2021. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  14. Li, R.Y.M.; Li, Y.L.; Crabbe, M.J.C.; Manta, O.; Shoaib, M. The Impact of Sustainability Awareness and Moral Values on Environmental Laws. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5882. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115882 Archived 8 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  15. "中国科学院教育简介 — 中国科学院". Chinese Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  16. "2023 tables: Institutions | Annual tables | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  17. "2023 tables: Institutions - academic | Annual tables | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  18. "中国科学院院士章程 [Bylaws for Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences]". Chinese Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  19. "Obligations and Rights of a CAS Member". Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  20. The Lancet (17 March 2007). "Reforming research in China". The Lancet. 369 (9565): 880. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60419-X. PMID 17368128. S2CID 205948464.
  21. "Science in China Press". Science in China Press. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  22. "中国科技期刊开放获取平台". China Open Access Journals. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  23. "China in Brief – Science and Technology – Awards". China Internet Information Center (State Council Information Office and the China International Publishing Group). Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  24. SSC. "Appendix of SSC's Chinese customers" (PDF). SSC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  25. Ahlander, Johan; Barrett, Jonathan (21 September 2020). "Swedish space agency halts new business helping China operate satellites". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  26. Mallapaty, Smriti (8 March 2023). "Prestigious Pasteur Institute severs ties with China infectious disease lab". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00694-x. PMID 36890326.

Sources
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