Song (Chinese surname)

Song is the pinyin transliteration of the Chinese family name 宋. It is transliterated as Sung in Wade-Giles, and Soong is also a common transliteration. In addition to being a common surname, it is also the name of a Chinese dynasty, the Song dynasty, written with the same character.

Song
Song character in ancient script on top, modern script at bottom
PronunciationSòng (Mandarin)
Language(s)Korean
Origin
Language(s)Korean
Other names
Variant form(s)Sung, Soong, Tống

In 2019, it was the 24th most common surname in Mainland China.

Historical origin
Main article: Shang dynasty

The first written record of the character 宋 was found on the oracle bones of the Shang dynasty, and Song is the formal inherited state of the dynasty. From Yinxu heritage population bore genetic testing, it has resemblance in mtDNA haplogroup to the northern Han Chinese consisted of the northern Han 72.1%, Tibeto-Burman 18% and Altaic populations 9.9%,[1][2] which related to surname Zi.

State of Song

In the written records of Chinese history, the first time the character Song was used as a surname appeared in the early stage of the Zhou dynasty. One of the children of the last emperor of Shang dynasty, Weizi Qi (微子启), was a duke owned state named Song, the descent of his ancestor Xie (契), derived from surname Zi (子). Xie was born by Jiandi from swallow of black bird egg, who came from Yousong (有娀) the legendary state.[3] The State of Song, Song's personal dominion, became part of the Zhou dynasty after the fall of the Shang dynasty, inherited the dynasty formally in 11th century BC. Citizens of the former State of Song commemorate to the overthrow of their state in 286 BC by the State of Qi owned by Tian, whom began to use the character Song as their surname, which is the authentic branch mainly.[4]

  • From Taiping Guangji, The Duke Jing of Song deigned surname Song to a savage, who named Ziwei (子韦) in charge of astronomy as Fangshi, alias Sixing (司星).

Song dynasty
  • Emperor Huizong of Song's officer changed to name Song, using dynasty name as family name, who is imperial clan branch of Song dynasty.[5]
  • Charlie Soong was Changed his family name from Han to Soon, then Soong, which was on of accepted English spellings of the dynasty name Song, the dynasty from the tenth to the thirteenth century in China.[6][7]

Others
  • There is an family clan origin located in Pingyang called Dashila (答失剌), who used this character since Ming dynasty.[4]
  • Moreover, the surname contains a branch clan derived from an ancestor named Temuer or Timur (帖木儿) with grant of seal, used the character since Ming dynasty. From history record, it may refer to Knight of Fenyang, who is the descendants of Godan Khan.[4]

Blood type distribution

Population of surname Song's ABO blood type distribution is O blood type 31.3%, B blood type 30.6%, A blood type 28.4% and AB blood type 9.7%.[9]

Variations

A less common Chinese family name (崇 pinyin Chóng) can also be transliterated to Soong in some Chinese dialects.

The surname is also used in Korea.

In Vietnam, the surname is pronounced as Tống.

Notable people

Historical figures

Modern figures

Fictional characters

See also

References
  1. Zeng, Wen; Li, Jiawei; Yue, Hongbin; Zhou, Hui; Zhu, Hong (2013). Poster: Preliminary Research on Hereditary Features of Yinxu Population. 82nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
  2. Zeng, Wen; Li, Jiawei; Yue, Hongbin; Wang, Minghui; Zhou, Hui; Zhu, Hong (2018). 2004 年殷墟大司空遗址出土人骨线粒体 DNA 研究报告. DOI:10.16143/j.cnki.1001-9928.2018.02.010.
  3. Gopal Sukhu (2017). The Songs of Chu, An Anthology of Ancient Chinese Poetry by Qu Yuan and Others. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-231-54465-8.
  4. 徐铁生 (2017). 《百家姓》新解. 北京: 中华书局. pp. 303–304. ISBN 9787101125337.
  5. Li Yueshen (2006). 松江府宋氏家族世系及文学成就概述. Journal of Zhejiang University.
  6. Sterling Seagrave (1986). The Soong Dynasty. New York: Harper & Row, Publisher. pp. 23, 63. ISBN 0-06-091318-5.
  7. Hannah Pakula (2009). The Last Empress, Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the Birth of Modern China. Simon & Schuster. pp. Chapter 1. ISBN 978-1-4391-4893-8.
  8. Laura Hostetler (2001). Qing Colonial Enterprise: Ethnography and Cartography in Early Modern China. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 134–137. ISBN 0-226-35420-2.
  9. 袁义达等 (2002). 中国姓氏：群体遗传和人口分布. 华东师范大学出版社. p. 96. ISBN 7-5617-2769-0.
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