Flag of Kyrgyzstan

The State flag of the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасынын Мамлекеттик туусу, romanized: Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik tuusu, lit. 'The State flag of the Kyrgyz Republic') consists of a red field charged with a yellow sun that contains a depiction of a tunduk, the opening in the center of the roof of a yurt (traditional nomadic tent). It is actually a depiction of the first thing one sees when waking up in a yurt, namely the construction of the pinnacle of every Kyrgyz yurt with three crisscrossing laths across the circular opening at the top of the yurt. Adopted in 1992, just over seven months after the country's independence was declared, to replace the flag of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR), it has been the flag of the Kyrgyz Republic since that year. The red on the flag is said to be inspired by the pennant lifted by Manas, the country's folk hero.

Kyrgyz Republic
UseCivil and state flag, national ensign Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side
Proportion3:5
Adopted3 March 1992 (1992-03-03)
DesignA red field charged with a yellow sun with forty uniformly spaced rays, representing the forty clans united in legend by Manas; the sun is crossed by two sets of three lines, representing the traditional Kyrgyz yurt.
UsePresidential Standard
Proportion3:5
DesignA red field charged with the emblem of the president of Kyrgyzstan in the centre
UseLocal government flag
Proportion3:5
AdoptedSince 2017
DesignA red field charged with the national emblem in the center, used by local governments in Kyrgyzstan
Flying flag of Kyrgyzstan

History

Kyrgyz rebels wielded white banners (named "White Banner of National Liberation") during the Andijan uprising of 1898.[1] Later, during the Central Asian revolt of 1916, they used it again during an uprising in Jizzakh[1] and during an attack on Prebechakenska.[2]

Under Soviet rule, the Union Republic — coterminous with modern-day Kyrgyzstan — utilized a flag derived from the flag of the Soviet Union and representing Communism, that was adopted in 1953.[3] It declared itself independent on 31 August 1991, approximately four months before the dissolution of the Soviet Union.[4] Nevertheless, the Soviet-era flag maintained its status as the national flag for seven months after independence was declared.[3] It was finally replaced by the current design on 3 March 1992, one day after Kyrgyzstan was admitted to the United Nations along with seven other post-Soviet states.[3][5]


  • Flag of the Kirghiz ASSR (1929–36)
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of the Kirghiz ASSR (1929–36)
  • Flag of the Kirghiz SSR (1936–40)
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of the Kirghiz SSR (1936–40)
  • Variant flag of the Kirghiz SSR (1936–40)
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Variant flag of the Kirghiz SSR (1936–40)
  • Flag of the Kirghiz SSR (1940–52)
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of the Kirghiz SSR (1940–52)
  • Flag of Kirghiz SSR (1952–91) and the flag of Kyrgyz Republic (1991–92)
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of Kirghiz SSR (1952–91) and the flag of Kyrgyz Republic (1991–92)
  • Flag of Kyrgyz Republic (1992)
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of Kyrgyz Republic (1992)
  • Flag of Kyrgyz Republic (1992–present)
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of Kyrgyz Republic (1992–present)

Design

Symbolism
The interior view of a Kyrgyz yurt's roof
One of the proposed national flags from 2011.

The colors and symbols of the flag carry cultural, political, and regional meanings. The red field stands for "bravery and valor",[4] and alludes to the purported emblem hoisted by Manas, the national hero of Kyrgyzstan.[3][6] The sun epitomizes peace and prosperity,[4] while its 40 rays stand for the number of tribes united by Manas to fight against the Mongols,[6][7] as well as the number of followers he had.[3][5]

The centre of the sun features a stylized illustration of the roof (tunduk) atop a traditional Kyrgyz tent (yurt) when viewed from the interior.[3][5][8] Although these tents are less commonly used today,[3] its incorporation into the flag is meant to symbolize the "origin of life", the "unity of time and space", as well as the people's "hearth and home" and their history.[3][5]

Proposals to change

In recent years, a commission was established to examine proposals to modify the design of the flag. The head of this body observed how it was the object of conflict and disunity, and that the government did not want this national symbol to be the cause of further division in society. This partially stemmed from disagreement over the interpretation of the symbols on the current flag.[9] For instance, modern-day Kyrgyzstan is ethnically diverse, with sizeable minority groups such as the Uzbeks (14.3%) and Dungans (1.1%) living there.[4] These groups were historically conquered by Manas, and hence, the current flag – inspired by his emblem utilized in war – does not sit well with some of them.[9]

The red field has also been the source of much criticism. Some believe that it evokes the nation's tempestuous history, while others are of the opinion that it is a lingering remnant of communism in the country.[9]

Colours scheme

Colors scheme		 Red Yellow
Pantone1788 CYellow C
CMYK0-100-100-00-0-100-0
HEX #FF0000 #FFFF00
RGB 255-0-0 255-255-0

Regional flags

Each region (областы, oblasty or облусу, oblusu) of Kyrgyzstan has its own flag.

City flags

Other flags
  • Flag of Kyrgyzstan Border Service (obverse)
    Flag of Kyrgyzstan Border Service (obverse)
  • Flag of Kyrgyzstan Border Service (reverse)
    Flag of Kyrgyzstan Border Service (reverse)
  • Flag of Kyrgyz Armed Forces (Kyrgyz)
    Flag of Kyrgyz Armed Forces (Kyrgyz)
  • Flag of Kyrgyz Armed Forces (Russian)
    Flag of Kyrgyz Armed Forces (Russian)

See also

References
  1. Sokol, Edward Dennis (2016). The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia. JHU Press. p. 92. ISBN 9781421420509.
  2. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Semirechye on Fire (Timestamp 17:58)". RT. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  3. Smith, Whitney (February 9, 2001). "Flag of Kyrgyzstan". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  4. "Kyrgyzstan". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  5. Kindersley, Dorling (November 3, 2008). Complete Flags of the World. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 194. ISBN 9781405338615. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  6. World and Its Peoples, Volume 1. Marshall Cavendish. September 1, 2006. p. 629. ISBN 9780761475712. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  7. Omelicheva, Mariya Y., ed. (December 17, 2014). Nationalism and Identity Construction in Central Asia: Dimensions, Dynamics, and Directions. Lexington Books. p. xviii. ISBN 9780739181355. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  8. Peoples of Western Asia. Marshall Cavendish. September 1, 2006. p. 254. ISBN 9780761476771. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  9. Namatbaeva, Tolkun (March 9, 2012). "Fight rages over Kyrgyzstan's flag". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on March 23, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
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