.45-75 Winchester

The .45-75 Winchester Centennial is a centerfire rifle cartridge developed in 1876 for the newly designed Winchester Model 1876 Centennial lever-action rifle. Winchester Repeating Arms Company introduced the rifle and cartridge at the United States Centennial Exposition. The Model 1876 rifle used an enlarged version of the famous Winchester Model 1873 action to offer a lever-action repeating rifle using cartridges suitable for big-game hunting. The cartridge and rifle enjoyed brief popularity with Gilded Age American hunters including Theodore Roosevelt, and was issued to the Canadian North-West Mounted Police and to Texas Rangers.[4]

.45-75 Winchester Centennial
TypeRifle
Place of originUnited States
Production history
Designed1876[1]
ManufacturerWinchester Repeating Arms Company[1]
Produced1876–1935[2]
Specifications
Case typeRimmed, bottleneck[1]
Bullet diameter0.4575 inches (11.62 mm)[3]
Neck diameter0.478 inches (12.1 mm)[1]
Shoulder diameter0.547 inches (13.9 mm)[1]
Base diameter0.559 inches (14.2 mm)[1]
Case length1.89 inches (48 mm)[1]
Overall length2.25 inches (57 mm)[1]
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
350 gr (23 g) Lead 1,383 ft/s (422 m/s) 1,485 ft⋅lbf (2,013 J)

Description
A .45-75 Winchester cartridge

Nomenclature of the era indicated the .45-75 cartridge contained a 0.45-inch (11 mm) diameter bullet with 75 grains (4.9 g) of gunpowder. Early Winchester ammunition boxes suggested reloading empty cartridge cases with government musket powder or with American Powder Company Deadshot Fg, Hazard Powder Company Sea Shooting Fg, DuPont Rifle FFg, Oriental Powder Company Western Sporting Fg, Laflin & Rand Orange Rifle Fg, or Austin Powder Company Rifle Powder FFg. Boxes also recommended casting bullets from an alloy of one part tin and sixteen parts lead and lubricating bullets with Japan wax or tallow.[5]

The .45-75 was shorter and fatter than the .45-70 government cartridge. Although the .45-75 was nominally superior to the popular .45-70, the weak toggle-link action with its elevator-style carrier originally designed for handgun cartridges limited the ability of the Model 1876 rifle to safely fire higher pressure loads intended for stronger actions. Within a decade, the Model 1876's advantage of faster loading for subsequent shots was eclipsed by the stronger and smoother Winchester Model 1886 action capable of handling longer cartridges, including the .45-70 with varying lengths for 300 and 500 grain bullets.[4]

The Kennedy lever-action rifle manufactured by Whitney Arms Company was also chambered for the .45-75. The .45-75 and similarly short .40-60 Winchester, .45-60 Winchester, and .50-95 Winchester Express cartridges designed for the Model 1876 rifle faded into obsolescence as 20th-century hunters preferred more powerful smokeless powder loadings of longer cartridges designed for stronger rifles. Winchester production of .45-75 cartridges ended during the Great Depression.[2]

Dimensions

See also

References
  1. Hawks, Chuck. "Buffalo Cartridges of the American Frontier". Collector's Corner. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  2. Barnes, Frank C. (2012). Cartridges of the World. Gun Digest Books. p. 154. ISBN 978-1440230592.
    • Sharpe, Philip B. Complete Guide to Handloading, p.431. New York, NY: Funk & Wagnalls, 1953.
  4. Hacker, Rick (2014). "Winchester Model 1876". American Rifleman. National Rifle Association of America. 162 (November): 120.
  5. "A close look at some early Winchester .45-75 boxes". The Cartridge Collector's Exchange. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
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