.475 No 2 Nitro Express

The .475 No 2 Nitro Express is a British rifle cartridge developed by Eley Brothers in the early 20th century.

.475 No 2 Nitro Express
TypeRifle
Place of originUnited Kingdom
Service history
In service1915-1916
Used byBritish Army
WarsWorld War I
Production history
DesignerEley Brothers
DesignedEarly 1900s
Specifications
Parent case.450 No 2 Nitro Express
Case typeRimmed, bottlenecked
Bullet diameter.483 in (12.3 mm)
Neck diameter.510 in (13.0 mm)
Shoulder diameter.547 in (13.9 mm)
Base diameter.576 in (14.6 mm)
Rim diameter.665 in (16.9 mm)
Case length3.49 in (89 mm)
Overall length4.26 in (108 mm)
Primer typeBerdan .254 in (6.5 mm)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
480 gr (31 g) 2,200 ft/s (670 m/s) 5,170 ft⋅lbf (7,010 J)
Source(s): Barnes[1] & Kynoch.[2]
.475 No 2 Jeffery
Production history
DesignerW.J. Jeffery & Co
Produced1906
Specifications
Bullet diameter.489 in (12.4 mm)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
500 gr (32 g) 2,120 ft/s (650 m/s) 5,000 ft⋅lbf (6,800 J)
Source(s): Barnes[1] & Kynoch.[2]

Design

The .475 No 2 Nitro Express is a rimmed bottle necked cartridge designed for use in single-shot and double rifles. The .475 No 2 Nitro Express is a very large, impressive cartridge, the empty round is 3.5 in (89 mm) long with an overall length of 4.26 in (108 mm).[1]

The standard factory load fires a .483 in (12.3 mm) diameter 480 gr (31 g) bullet at 2,200 ft/s (670 m/s), although two powder charges were available with either 80 gr (5.2 g) or 85 gr (5.5 g) of cordite.[1][2]

.475 No 2 Jeffery

W.J. Jeffery & Co offered an alternate loading, known as the .475 No 2 Jeffery which fired a slightly larger .489 in (12.4 mm) diameter 500 gr (32 g) projectile at 2,150 ft/s (660 m/s), although again multiple powder charges were available, with either 75 gr (4.9 g), 80 gr (5.2 g) or 85 gr (5.5 g) of cordite. Jefferys built a very fine handling double rifle for this round with a 24 in (610 mm) barrel that weighed only 11 lb (5.0 kg) but retaining moderate recoil.[1][2][3][4]

History

The .475 No 2 Nitro Express is one of several rounds developed in response to the British Army 1907 ban of .450 caliber ammunition into India and the Sudan which saw the development of the ballistically very similar .500/465 Nitro Express, .470 Nitro Express, .475 Nitro Express, and .476 Nitro Express.[4]

Eley created the .475 No 2 Nitro Express by necking up their earlier .450 No 2 Nitro Express.[4]

WWI service

In 1914 and early 1915, German snipers were engaging British Army positions with impunity from behind steel plates that were impervious to .303 British ball ammunition. In an attempt to counter this threat, the British War Office purchased sixty-two large bore sporting rifles from British rifle makers which were issued to Regiments, including a single .475 No 2 Nitro Express rifle. These large bore rifles proved very effective against the steel plates used by the Germans, in his book Sniping in France 1914-18, MAJ H. Hesketh-Prichard, DSO, MC stated they "pierced them like butter."[5][6]

Use

The .475 No 2 Nitro Express is considered good general purpose round, suitable for all big game in Africa and India, its power is very similar to the .450 Nitro Express, with a larger diameter bullet; whether this is an advantage remains in dispute.[1]

In his African Rifles and Cartridges, John "Pondoro" Taylor stated the .475 No 2 Nitro Express is "an eminently satisfactory shell and a certain killer - but don't let yourself be hypnotised by that great fat gleaming shell into the belief that you have something comparable with the atomic bomb to play with!"[7]

Because of the larger diameter bullet, .475 No 2 Jeffery rounds cannot be fired through .475 No.2 Nitro Express rifles.[3][4]

See also

References
  1. Frank C. Barnes, Cartridges of the World, ed 13, Gun Digest Books, Iola, 2012, ISBN 9781440230592.
  2. Kynoch Ammunition, ".475 No.2 Nitro Express", kynochammunition.co.uk, archived 1 January 2015.
  3. Paul Roberts, "Nitro big game rifles", ezine.nitroexpress.info, archived 1 January 2015.
  4. Terry Wieland, Dangerous-game rifles, ed 2, Down East Books / Shooting Sportsman Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-89272-807-7.
  5. MAJ H. Hesketh-Prichard, DSO, MC, Sniping in France 1914-18: With Notes on the Scientific Training of Scouts, Observers and Snipers, Helion & Company, Solihull, 2013, ISBN 1-874622-47-7.
  6. Douglas Tate, "Sporting guns that went to war", The Field Magazine, Vol 324 No 7321, August 2014, pp 100–103.
  7. John Taylor, African rifles and cartridges, Sportsman's Vintage Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-940001-01-2.
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