1,1-Dichloroethane

1,1-Dichloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor. It is not easily soluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents.

1,1-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1,1-Dichloroethane
Other names
Ethylidene dichloride
Ethylidene chloride
CFC-150a
1,1-DCA
Asymmetrical dichloroethane
1,1-Ethylidene dichloride
Asymmetric dichloroethane
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.785
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C2H4Cl2/c1-2(3)4/h2H,1H3 checkY
    Key: SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C2H4Cl2/c1-2(3)4/h2H,1H3
    Key: SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYAY
  • ClC(Cl)C
Properties
C2H4Cl2
Molar mass 98.96 g/mol
Appearance colorless, oily liquid[1]
Odor chloroform-like[1]
Density 1.2 g/cm3
Melting point −97 °C (−143 °F; 176 K)
Boiling point 57.2 °C (135.0 °F; 330.3 K)
0.6%[1]
Vapor pressure 182 mmHg (20°C)[1]
−57.4·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Flash point −17 °C; 2 °F; 256 K[1]
Explosive limits 5.4–11.4%[1]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 100 ppm (400 mg/m3)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 100 ppm (400 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 3000 ppm[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
 1,2-Dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride); *1,1-Dichloroethene
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Large volumes of 1,1-dichloroethane are manufactured, with annual production exceeding 1 million pounds in the United States. It is mainly used as a feedstock in chemical synthesis, chiefly of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. It is also used as a solvent for plastics, oils and fats, as a degreaser, as a fumigant in insecticide sprays, in halon fire extinguishers, and in cementing of rubber. It is used in manufacturing of high-vacuum resistant rubber and for extraction of temperature-sensitive substances. Thermal cracking at 400–500 °C and 10 MPa yields vinyl chloride. In the past, 1,1-dichloroethane was used as a surgical inhalational anesthetic.

Safety

1,1-dichloroethane has been on the California Proposition 65 list of known carcinogens since 1990.[2]

In the atmosphere, 1,1-dichloroethane decomposes with half-life of 62 days, chiefly by reaction of photolytically produced hydroxyl radicals.

See also

References
  1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0194". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. "1,1-Dichloroethane". California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
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