1094 Siberia

1094 Siberia (prov. designation: 1926 CB) is an Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 12 February 1926, by Soviet astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula.[12] The X-type asteroid (Xk) has a rotation period of 21.2 hours and measures approximately 18 kilometers (11 miles) in diameter. It was named after the vast region of Siberia in North Asia.[3]

1094 Siberia
Shape model of Siberia from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byS. Belyavskyj
Discovery siteSimeiz Obs.
Discovery date12 February 1926
Designations
(1094) Siberia
Pronunciation/saɪˈbɪəriə/[2]
Named after
Siberia[3]
(Region in North Asia)
1926 CB · A918 EJ
main-belt · (middle)
Eunomia[4][5]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc82.07 yr (29,977 days)
Aphelion2.8844 AU
Perihelion2.2048 AU
2.5446 AU
Eccentricity0.1335
4.06 yr (1,483 days)
221.13°
0° 14m 34.08s / day
Inclination14.028°
149.14°
310.29°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions17.08±6.34 km[6]
17.869±0.180 km[7]
17.87±0.18 km[7]
18.05±1.0 km[8]
18.16 km (derived)[4]
18.36±4.08 km[9]
18.79±0.24 km[10]
21.15±0.01 h[11]
0.089±0.003[10]
0.0943±0.011[8]
0.10±0.05[9]
0.11±0.05[6]
0.1227 (derived)[4]
0.127±0.012[7]
SMASS = Xk[1]
11.60[4][7][9] · 11.7[1] · 11.81[6] · 11.90[8][10]

    Orbit and classification

    Siberia is a member of the Eunomia family (502),[5] a prominent family of stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members.[13]: 23  It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,483 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    The asteroid was first identified as A918 EJ at Heidelberg or Simeiz in March 1918. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in June 1935, more than 9 years after its official discovery observation at Simeiz.[12]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the vast geographic region of Siberia in North Asia, approximately 13.1 million square kilometres (5,100,000 sq mi) in area. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 103).[3]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Siberia is a Xk-subtype, that transitions from the X-type to the K-type asteroids,[1] while the overall spectral type of the Eunomia family is that of a stony S-type asteroid.[13]: 23  It is also an assumed X-type.[4]

    Slow rotation

    In December 2006, a first rotational lightcurve of Siberia was obtained from photometric observations by astronomers from New Zealand and Australia. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 21.15 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.45 magnitude, indicating a non-spherical shape (U=2).[11] While not being a slow rotator, Siberia has a longer than average rotation period, especially for its size.[11]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Siberia measures between 17.08 and 18.79 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.089 and 0.127.[6][7][8][9][10]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1227 and a diameter of 18.16 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.6.[4]

    In fiction

    1094 Siberia is mentioned briefly in John Varley's science fiction novel Rolling Thunder, where it is described as "an escape-proof prison" of the Republic of Mars.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1094 Siberia (1926 CB)" (2017-07-02 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
    2. "Siberia". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1094) Siberia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 93. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1095. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1094) Siberia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 25 September 2017.
    5. "Asteroid 1094 Siberia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
    6. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    9. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
    10. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    11. Bembrick, Collin; Crawford, Greg; Oey, Julian; Allen, Bill (September 2007). "The Rotation Periods of 242 Kriemhild and 1094 Siberia". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 34 (3): 67–68. Bibcode:2007MPBu...34...67B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
    12. "1094 Siberia (1926 CB)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
    13. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
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