12374 Rakhat

12374 Rakhat (prov. designation: 1994 JG9) is a background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers (2.8 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 15 May 1994, by American astronomer and software engineer Charles de Saint-Aignan at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States.[8] The asteroid was named for the fictional planet "Rakhat" in the novel The Sparrow

12374 Rakhat
Shape model of Rakhat from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byC. P. de Saint-Aignan
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date15 May 1994
Designations
(12374) Rakhat
Named after
fictional planet
(novel The Sparrow)[2]
1994 JG9 · 1958 TP
1974 OP · 1978 NV2
main-belt · (middle)
background
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc62.27 yr (22,743 days)
Aphelion3.3333 AU
Perihelion1.7672 AU
2.5502 AU
Eccentricity0.3071
4.07 yr (1,488 days)
197.25°
0° 14m 31.2s / day
Inclination8.9855°
123.46°
201.94°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
4.38 km (calculated)[3]
4.570±0.034 km[4][5]
18.1702±0.0205 h[6]
0.20 (assumed)[3]
0.212±0.030[4][5]
S (assumed)[3]
13.707±0.005 (R)[6] · 13.8[1] · 14.0[4] · 14.16[3] · 14.60±0.76[7]

    Orbit and classification
    Orbital diagram of Rakhat

    Rakhat is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 1.8–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,488 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.31 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    A first precovery was taken at the discovering Palomar Observatory in November 1954, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 40 years prior to its official discovery observation.[8]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named "Rakhat" after the fictional planet in the novel The Sparrow by Mary Doria Russell.[2] The novel begins in 2019, when SETI at the Arecibo, picks up radio broadcasts of music from this planet in the vicinity of Alpha Centauri. The first expedition is organized by the Jesuit order, known for its missionary, linguistic and scientific activities. The novel was followed by the sequel Children of God. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 March 2002 (M.P.C. 45234).[9]

    Physical characteristics

    Rakhat is an assumed common S-type asteroid.[3]

    In May 2010, a rotational lightcurve was obtained from photometric observations made astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. It gave a rotation period of 18.1702±0.0205 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.31 in magnitude (U=2).[6]

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the asteroid measures 4.6 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.21,[4] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 4.4 kilometers.[3]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 12374 Rakhat (1994 JG9)" (2017-03-01 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(12374) Rakhat". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 780–781. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_8579. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (12374) Rakhat". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 19 May 2016.
    4. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 4 December 2016.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    6. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
    7. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
    8. "12374 Rakhat (1994 JG9)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
    9. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
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