2009 North Korean parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in North Korea on 8 March 2009 to elect the members of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly.[1] They were originally scheduled to be held in August 2008[2] but were postponed for unknown reasons. Observers of North Korea speculated that it was in relation to Kim Jong-il's ill health.[1]

2009 North Korean parliamentary election

8 March 2009

All 687 seats in the Supreme People's Assembly
  First party Second party
 
Leader Kim Jong-il Kim Yong-dae
Party Workers' Party Social Democratic
Alliance Fatherland Front Fatherland Front
Seats won 606 50

NDC Chairman before election

Kim Jong-il
Workers' Party

Elected NDC Chairman

Kim Jong-il
Workers' Party

All candidates standing in the elections in North Korea were members of one of the parties comprising the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland. A single candidate, approved by the North-Korean leadership, ran in each of the 687 districts, thereby guaranteeing a full victory by the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland, regardless of voter turnout.[3][4] Kim Jong-il, the de facto leader of North Korea and the Chairman of the National Defence Commission, ran for election in Constituency 333.[5]

Background

The 11th Supreme People's Assembly was dissolved and elections were called for North Korea's 687 electoral districts on January 7, 2009.[1] The elections were to be originally held as per North Korea's constitution in August 2008.[2]

The delay was not officially explained, but was believed to be related to the health of Kim Jong-il. The elections also come after a significant cabinet shuffle in recent months that saw the replacement of at least five members of cabinet. The elections were called for March 8, 2009 allowing leave for a 60-day campaign period.[1]

After dissolution, nominating committees in all 687 districts nominated Kim Jong-il to stand for election. The 333rd district was the first to file their nomination, so he decided to run in that district. In the previous assembly, Kim Jong-il represented the 649th election district.[6]

Electoral system

Voter registration was conducted by the Resident Registration Bureaus of the National Security Agency. Completing the lists of voters also had the side effect of discovering missing residents who might have defected and left the country. Allegations had surfaced of bribes being paid to officials conducting registration drives to declare family members who have defected as being deceased.[7] The voter registration deadline for the election took place on March 4, 2009.[8]

The bribes themselves have been overlooked by the National Security Agency as the North Korean government demands the lists be complete to ensure that there is 100% turnout in the vote. It is easier to explain missing persons as being dead than to have an incomplete list of voters.[7]

The voting for deputies of the Supreme People's Assembly in 2009 consisted of using paper ballots containing the name of a single candidate nominated in each district. To indicate support for the candidate, a ballot was dropped into the box unmarked. If the voter did not support a candidate, that voter had to cross out the name of the candidate before dropping the ballot.[9]

The voting method was a departure from prior elections. In previous elections, the system consisted of two ballot boxes at each polling station. The boxes, one black and one white, were to indicate support for or against a candidate.[9] There was no system in place to handle absentee ballots for North Koreans living abroad and there did not appear to be a system of advanced voting in place.[10] Proxy votes were ordered to be cast by family members of North Korean defectors who were detained in prisons within China.[11] All voting and the validation of official returns was overseen by the Central Election Committee.[10]

Voting was supposed to be a secret process, but with the method of casting ballots, it became obvious who was opposed to the candidates. The voter had the option of going to a booth to cross out the name or dropping the ballot directly in the box.[12] Penalties for voting against a candidate or not voting were severe. Electors who refused to vote were sent to labor camps.[13] A member of the National Security Agency was stationed at every polling station to keep an eye out for people who used or looked at the red pen.[14]

Conduct

An election polling station in North Korea.

Election day began with editorials being published in all state run media, encouraging voter participation.[15] Voting officially began at 9:00am local time.[16] Mobile polling stations were dispatched to infirm residents who could not travel to polling stations to cast ballots. Citizens of foreign nations resident in North Korea were also encouraged to come out and cast a ballot if they so wished.[17]

By noon on election day, the Korean Central News Agency had reported that 71% of registered North Korean voters had turned out to cast ballots.[18]

Voters in North Korea had dressed up for election day, wearing suits and chosŏn-ot, traditional Korean dresses.[19]

I cast a ballot of patriotism, a ballot of approval with a mind to strengthen our socialist system—the best in the world, as firm as a rock.

Kim Un Kyong, a North Korean factory worker

The most watched race of the election was district 333 where leader Kim Jong-il was running. On March 9, 2009, North Korean media announced that Kim Jong-il was unanimously re-elected to parliament.[20] The election committee also stated that 99.98% of all registered voters took part in voting, with 100% voting for their candidate in each district.[21]

The election was a largely peaceful event, but some vandalism of candidate posters, along with anti-election graffiti, occurred in Mundeuk, South Pyongan Province.[22] Signage had also been changed on polling stations, as official signage was replaced with new signs misspelling "election booth."[13]

Peter Hughes, the British ambassador to North Korea, garnered significant outrage and controversy from around the world after he blogged about the election having a festive atmosphere.[23] The outrage was caused by claims that his blog read more like an official North Korean press release as he did not mention in his blog the negative aspects of the election, such as citizens being forced to vote and that there was only a single candidate to vote for.[23]

Results

Official election results were announced by the Central Election Commission on March 2009.[3] The official results showed 324 of the 687 Deputies had been replaced and were new to power with the rest being re-elected. A large portion of the Deputies elected were to fill vacancies from those who died. No form of appointment or by-elections currently exists to put Deputies into the Supreme Peoples Assembly between elections.[24]

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Fatherland FrontWorkers' Party of Korea100606
Korean Social Democratic Party50
Chondoist Chongu Party22
Chongryon6
Independents3
Total687
Registered voters/turnout99.98
Source: IPU

Elected members

The following were elected as members of parliament:[25]

  1. Electoral District: Ri Ul-sol
  2. Electoral District: Kim Yong-bok
  3. Electoral District: Kim Kyong-hui
  4. Electoral District: Kang Jun-ho
  5. Electoral District: Kim Yong-nam
  6. Electoral District: Im Man-soon
  7. Electoral District: Ryoo Chung-ryol
  8. Electoral District: Kim Bok-nam
  9. Electoral District: Hong So-hon
  10. Electoral District: Tak Hua-suk
  11. Electoral District: Mun Sang-min
  12. Electoral District: Ri Tong-chan
  13. Electoral District: Mun Son-bul
  14. Electoral District: Kim Sok-nam
  15. Electoral District: Sin Yong-chol
  16. Electoral District: Pak Pong-nam
  17. Electoral District: Pak Kyu-hong
  18. Electoral District: Cho Myong-lok
  19. Electoral District: Kim In-nam
  20. Electoral District: Ri Jae-kang
  21. Electoral District: Kim Kwang-chul
  22. Electoral District: Kim Yong-ju
  23. Electoral District: Choe Hong-Il
  24. Electoral District: Ho Jong-suk
  25. Electoral District: Kim Kyong-su
  26. Electoral District: Kim Song-hi
  27. Electoral District: Ri Myung-ok
  28. Electoral District: Song Chun-sik
  29. Electoral District: Yuk Sok-chon
  30. Electoral District: Hwang Kil-chol
  31. Electoral District: Jang Song-thaek[26]
  32. Electoral District: Ri Kyong-il[26]
  33. Electoral District: Kim Ung-kwan[26]
  34. Electoral District: Kim Dong-pyut[26]
  35. Electoral District: Byon Sseub-ho[26]
  36. Electoral District: Ri Yong-mu
  37. Electoral District: Ri Sun-im
  38. Electoral District: Kim Song-hui
  39. Electoral District: Jong Dong-du
  40. Electoral District: Song Ja-reeb
  41. Electoral District: Yun Ki-jong
  42. Electoral District: O Kuk-ryol
  43. Electoral District: Kang Nam-ik
  44. Electoral District: Jon Kyong-su
  45. Electoral District: Kim Yong-nam
  46. Electoral District: Ri Kun-il
  47. Electoral District: Pak Kwan-o
  48. Electoral District: Kang Son-ju
  49. Electoral District: Kim Myong-hwan
  50. Electoral District: Byun Yong-reeb
  51. Electoral District: Jong Kwang-hyuk
  52. Electoral District: Jong Dal-son
  53. Electoral District: Kim Hua-suk
  54. Electoral District: Jong Hyon-yong
  55. Electoral District: Ri Yong-chol
  56. Electoral District: Kim Sae-myong
  57. Electoral District: Kim Ki-nam
  58. Electoral District: Kim Ho Jae
  59. Electoral District: Han Jong-hyuk
  60. Electoral District: Kim Bok-sil
  61. Electoral District: Kim Kyong-ok
  62. Electoral District: Pak Hui-kwan
  63. Electoral District: Riu Mi-yong
  64. Electoral District: Jon Hui-suk
  65. Electoral District: Jo Yon-jae
  66. Electoral District: Kim Song-kyu
  67. Electoral District: Kim Yang-gon
  68. Electoral District: Kang Ki-som
  69. Electoral District: Ri Hua-sil
  70. Electoral District: Ri Sung-ho
  71. Electoral District: Pak Jin-sik
  72. Electoral District: Rho Jong-nam
  73. Electoral District: Choe Ik-kyu
  74. Electoral District: Jon Jin-suh
  75. Electoral District: Kim Kuk-tae
  76. Electoral District: Ho Song-kil
  77. Electoral District: Noh Kwang-chol
  78. Electoral District: Hui Yong-ae
  79. Electoral District: Kim Yu-ho
  80. Electoral District: Kim Jong-su
  81. Electoral District: Lim Nam-su
  82. Electoral District: Ri Ung-chan
  83. Electoral District: Kim Jong-lin
  84. Electoral District: Ri Yong-chol
  85. Electoral District: An In-Kon
  86. Electoral District: Ri Jae-il
  87. Electoral District: Jang Chul
  88. Electoral District: So Ju-chong
  89. Electoral District: Pak Kil-nam
  90. Electoral District: Kim Bong-sil
  91. Electoral District: Kim Si-hak
  92. Electoral District: Ri Kil-song
  93. Electoral District: Ri Ryong-nam
  94. Electoral District: Sin O-sun
  95. Electoral District: Han Chol
  96. Electoral District: Kim Chol-min
  97. Electoral District: Kim Yong-dae
  98. Electoral District: Jong Myong-sun
  99. Electoral District: Jae Hui-jong
  100. Electoral District: Kim Yong-il
  101. Electoral District: Kim Duk-sam
  102. Electoral District: Pak Nam-ki
  103. Electoral District: Kil Chol-hyuk
  104. Electoral District: La Dong-hui
  105. Electoral District: Yang Hyong-sop
  106. Electoral District: Kim Sun-hua
  107. Electoral District: Ha Ung-chun
  108. Electoral District: Im Jong-sil
  109. Electoral District: Cha Sung-suh
  110. Electoral District: Kim Myong-hak
  111. Electoral District: Ryang Jang-kyun
  112. Electoral District: Kim Yong-song
  113. Electoral District: Jong Myong-jo
  114. Electoral District: Ji Dong-sik
  115. Electoral District: Min Kyong-nam
  116. Electoral District: Hong Kwang-il
  117. Electoral District: Kim Jong-suk
  118. Electoral District: Jin Yong-il
  119. Electoral District: Kim Hyoung-nam
  120. Electoral District: Kim Ui-sun
  121. Electoral District: Kim Ki-ryong
  122. Electoral District: Han Jong-hua
  123. Electoral District: Ro Song-sil
  124. Electoral District: Kim Huan-suh
  125. Electoral District: Ri Kwang-ho
  126. Electoral District: Choe Yong-rim
  127. Electoral District: Pak Yong-sun
  128. Electoral District: Koh Myong-hui
  129. Electoral District: Yu Jang-sok
  130. Electoral District: Kim Yong-gil
  131. Electoral District: Lim Don-hua
  132. Electoral District: Choe Ryong-ik
  133. Electoral District: Ju Myong-son
  134. Electoral District: Pak Sun-nyo
  135. Electoral District: Yu Pom-sun
  136. Electoral District: Jon Il-chun
  137. Electoral District: Paek Song-nam
  138. Electoral District: Choe-Ung-kwon
  139. Electoral District: Jo Kyong-chil
  140. Electoral District: Hwang Hak-won
  141. Electoral District: Chae Jang-dong
  142. Electoral District: Kim Kyong-son
  143. Electoral District: Kim Kwang-yon
  144. Electoral District: Kim Kum-suk
  145. Electoral District: Pak Chun-dam
  146. Electoral District: Jon Yong-sik
  147. Electoral District: Ri Kyong-ryol
  148. Electoral District: Kim Jong-myong
  149. Electoral District: Ri Man-ho
  150. Electoral District: Kim Sun-jib
  151. Electoral District: Hyon Sok-kil
  152. Electoral District: Kim Ki-kun
  153. Electoral District: Kim Kwang-yong
  154. Electoral District: Pak Yun-il
  155. Electoral District: Kim Ok-ryon
  156. Electoral District: Moon Myong-hak
  157. Electoral District: Kim Jong-im
  158. Electoral District: Kwong Hyuk-bong
  159. Electoral District: Kim Dok-il
  160. Electoral District: Jang Ung
  161. Electoral District: Choe Ji-son
  162. Electoral District: Pyo Hui-song
  163. Electoral District: Yong Man-sik
  164. Electoral District: Kil Lyae-suh
  165. Electoral District: Kim Hyo
  166. Electoral District: Kim Yong-hua
  167. Electoral District: Kim Hong-kon
  168. Electoral District: Ryang Suh-jong
  169. Electoral District: Sin Ung-sik
  170. Electoral District: Ri Sung-ho
  171. Electoral District: Kim Yong-il
  172. Electoral District: Kim Yon-hua
  173. Electoral District: Ri Nyong-kun
  174. Electoral District: Jo Won-taek
  175. Electoral District: Kim Myong-il
  176. Electoral District: Choe Jong-ryul
  177. Electoral District: Kim Chol-ung
  178. Electoral District: Hyon Ung-sil
  179. Electoral District: Kim Myong-hui
  180. Electoral District: Kim Hyong-sik
  181. Electoral District: Sin An-son
  182. Electoral District: Ho Thaek
  183. Electoral District: An Kuk-thae
  184. Electoral District: Ro Tu-chol
  185. Electoral District: Lee Kyo-man
  186. Electoral District: Ko Chang-suh
  187. Electoral District: Son Suk-kun
  188. Electoral District: Won Jong-sam
  189. Electoral District: Jon Chang-rim
  190. Electoral District: So Lan-hui
  191. Electoral District: Ri Hak-song
  192. Electoral District: Kim Jae-hua
  193. Electoral District: Kim Jong-kil
  194. Electoral District: Han Uh-chol
  195. Electoral District: Lo Bae-kwon
  196. Electoral District: Kim Bong-suh
  197. Electoral District: Jang Man-chol
  198. Electoral District: Ri Ju-o
  199. Electoral District: Kim Hyae-yong
  200. Electoral District: Pak Jong-kun
  201. Electoral District: Choe Chil-nam
  202. Electoral District: Kang Ryon-hak
  203. Electoral District: Sin Jae-won
  204. Electoral District: Ri Myong-chol
  205. Electoral District: Kim Yong-sun
  206. Electoral District: Song Kwong-chol
  207. Electoral District: Kwak Chol-ho
  208. Electoral District: Mun Bong-ryong
  209. Electoral District: Choe Yong-dok
  210. Electoral District: Kim Hua-yong
  211. Electoral District: Pak Kyong-sam
  212. Electoral District: An Dong-chun
  213. Electoral District: Kim Jae-ryong
  214. Electoral District: Ho Sang-jong
  215. Electoral District: Kim Chang-jon
  216. Electoral District: Kim Jong
  217. Electoral District: Jon Yong-son
  218. Electoral District: O Ik-jae
  219. Electoral District: Ri Hong-sam
  220. Electoral District: Pak Myong-hun
  221. Electoral District: Kim Hui-suk
  222. Electoral District: Kim Ik-chol
  223. Electoral District: Ri Yong Jun
  224. Electoral District: Pak Myong-son
  225. Electoral District: Pak Hak-son
  226. Electoral District: Jon Kyong-son
  227. Electoral District: Kim In-sun
  228. Electoral District: Choe Kwong-chol
  229. Electoral District: Kim Hak-chol
  230. Electoral District: Hong Son-ok
  231. Electoral District: Jong Myong-hak
  232. Electoral District: Kim Kum-sil
  233. Electoral District: Kim Jong-hyup
  234. Electoral District: Kim Dang-suh
  235. Electoral District: Paek Bok-nam
  236. Electoral District: Kim Byong-ryul
  237. Electoral District: Cha Myong-ok
  238. Electoral District: Kim Kyo-kwon
  239. Electoral District: Choe Hyuk-chol
  240. Electoral District: Jang Jae-an
  241. Electoral District: Ryang Kyong-bok
  242. Electoral District: Tong Jong-ho
  243. Electoral District: Ho Jong-ok
  244. Electoral District: Ri Chol-man
  245. Electoral District: So Chun-yong
  246. Electoral District: Kim Pyong-hae
  247. Electoral District: Pak Chun-kon
  248. Electoral District: Kang Nung-su
  249. Electoral District: Thae Hyong-chol
  250. Electoral District: Yun Dong-hyon
  251. Electoral District: Uh Sun-yong
  252. Electoral District: Kim Byong-hun
  253. Electoral District: Han Byong-man
  254. Electoral District: Ri Ki-suh
  255. Electoral District: Jong Son-mun
  256. Electoral District: Pak Song-sil
  257. Electoral District: Suh Un-ki
  258. Electoral District: Ri Kyong-bom
  259. Electoral District: Kim Uh-chol
  260. Electoral District: Kim Bong-il
  261. Electoral District: Kim Yun-sok
  262. Electoral District: Jon Ho-chol
  263. Electoral District: Jo Song-yun
  264. Electoral District: An Yong-hyun
  265. Electoral District: Jim Kyong-hui
  266. Electoral District: Ri Sang-kun
  267. Electoral District: O Ung-chang
  268. Electoral District: Ri Kwong-kon
  269. Electoral District: So Sung-chol
  270. Electoral District: Yun Chol-yong
  271. Electoral District: Kim Kwong-lin
  272. Electoral District: Ri Yong-min
  273. Electoral District: An Min-chol
  274. Electoral District: Mun Jae-chol
  275. Electoral District: Jong Yong-suh
  276. Electoral District: Yo Min-hyon
  277. Electoral District: Kim Byong-hua
  278. Electoral District: Jong Ok-dong
  279. Electoral District: Kang Chu-ryon
  280. Electoral District: Kim Young-kil
  281. Electoral District: Ri Hui-chon
  282. Electoral District: An Min-hul
  283. Electoral District: Ri Jong-kuk
  284. Electoral District: Pak Jong-jin
  285. Electoral District: Jong Chang-ryol
  286. Electoral District: An Sung-ok
  287. Electoral District: Kang Yong-sop
  288. Electoral District: Pak Chun-sam
  289. Electoral District: Kim Ung-chol
  290. Electoral District: Kang Kil-yong
  291. Electoral District: Paek Nam-il
  292. Electoral District: Kim Yong-ho
  293. Electoral District: Hong Kum-son
  294. Electoral District: Hong Chol-soo
  295. Electoral District: Ji Sang-min
  296. Electoral District: Hwang Yun-nam
  297. Electoral District: Ryo Won-ku
  298. Electoral District: Kang Chang-uk
  299. Electoral District: Kim Il-ho
  300. Electoral District: Kye Yong-sam
  301. Electoral District: Pak Sun-hui
  302. Electoral District: Mun Ung-jo
  303. Electoral District: Ho Nam-sun
  304. Electoral District: Sun Kyong-nam
  305. Electoral District: Kim Chun-ryo
  306. Electoral District: Kim Dong-jin
  307. Electoral District: Ri Su-yong
  308. Electoral District: Ri Jong-mu
  309. Electoral District: Yun Yang-kyun
  310. Electoral District: Jo Kum-suk
  311. Electoral District: Jin Sang-chol
  312. Electoral District: Kim Rak-hui
  313. Electoral District: Jo Il-ki
  314. Electoral District: Ko In-ho
  315. Electoral District: Kim Ok-kyu
  316. Electoral District: Yun Ryang-sok
  317. Electoral District: Choe Yong-nam
  318. Electoral District: Ku Myong-ok
  319. Electoral District: Kim Chang-sik
  320. Electoral District: Ri Tae-sik
  321. Electoral District: Kwon Tae-mun
  322. Electoral District: Shin Son-ho
  323. Electoral District: An Chun-sop
  324. Electoral District: Kim Yoo-kun
  325. Electoral District: Choe Eun
  326. Electoral District: Ri Chun-hui
  327. Electoral District: Song Hyo-nam
  328. Electoral District: Pak Song-ho
  329. Electoral District: Ri Byong-chol
  330. Electoral District: Cha Jun-sik
  331. Electoral District: Shim Jae-ul
  332. Electoral District: Choe Young-ho
  333. Electoral District: Kim Jong-il
  334. Electoral District: Kim Jong-kwan
  335. Electoral District: Kim Yoo-ho
  336. Electoral District: Song Jun-taek
  337. Electoral District: Han Sang-sun
  338. Electoral District: Jong Myong-do
  339. Electoral District: Pak Won-sik
  340. Electoral District: Kim Jong-gak
  341. Electoral District: Kim Jin-chol
  342. Electoral District: Jun Il
  343. Electoral District: Kim Myong-kuk
  344. Electoral District: O Kwang-sik
  345. Electoral District: Ju Jong-kyong
  346. Electoral District: Jo Kyong-chol
  347. Electoral District: Ri Yong Kil
  348. Electoral District: Kim Yong-chun
  349. Electoral District: Ho Song-il
  350. Electoral District: Kim Kwan-chol
  351. Electoral District: Kim Kum-chol
  352. Electoral District: Han Jong-jin
  353. Electoral District: Kim Chol
  354. Electoral District: Ri Song-guk
  355. Electoral District: Byon In-son
  356. Electoral District: Kim Kwong-il
  357. Electoral District: Pak Sung-won
  358. Electoral District: Ri Song-bok
  359. Electoral District: Jae Mun-sok
  360. Electoral District: Lim Kong-yun
  361. Electoral District: Hyon Yong-chol
  362. Electoral District: Choe Bu-gil
  363. Electoral District: Ju Sun-chol
  364. Electoral District: Ri Jong-bu
  365. Electoral District: Yun Kyong-so
  366. Electoral District: Kim Chun-sam
  367. Electoral District: Ju Song-nam
  368. Electoral District: Choe Song-un
  369. Electoral District: Ri Si-joong
  370. Electoral District: Kim Kwang-hyon
  371. Electoral District: Chon Jae-kwon
  372. Electoral District: Kim Won-hong
  373. Electoral District: Kim Bae-jong
  374. Electoral District: Ri Yong-ho
  375. Electoral District: Ri Song-sun
  376. Electoral District: Hyon Chol-hae
  377. Electoral District: Pak Dong-hak
  378. Electoral District: Yon Hak-song
  379. Electoral District: Yon Jong-lin
  380. Electoral District: Kim Song-dok
  381. Electoral District: Ri Kuk-jun
  382. Electoral District: Kim Yong-jom
  383. Electoral District: Ju Sang-song
  384. Electoral District: Ji Yong-chun
  385. Electoral District: Kim Jong-ho
  386. Electoral District: Kim Chong-sup
  387. Electoral District: U Tong-chuk
  388. Electoral District: Ryu Kyong
  389. Electoral District: Paek Sol
  390. Electoral District: Song Yun-hui
  391. Electoral District: Bong Chan-ho
  392. Electoral District: Jong Myong-sil
  393. Electoral District: Jo Hae-suk
  394. Electoral District: Jo Hae-suk
  395. Electoral District: Choe Thae-bok
  396. Electoral District: Chae Kang-hwan
  397. Electoral District: Kwak Pom-gi
  398. Electoral District: Kim Chung-kal
  399. Electoral District: Pak Jae-pil
  400. Electoral District: Kim Chol-kuk
  401. Electoral District: Ryang Hui-chol
  402. Electoral District: Hwang Sun-hui
  403. Electoral District: Ko Kyu-il
  404. Electoral District: La Chang-ryol
  405. Electoral District: Ri Chol-ho
  406. Electoral District: Lo Ik-hua
  407. Electoral District: Ri Won-il
  408. Electoral District: Kim Yong-ae
  409. Electoral District: Choe Song-won
  410. Electoral District: Kang Min-chol
  411. Electoral District: Choe Jang-son
  412. Electoral District: Lim Song-bok
  413. Electoral District: Kim Mu-jon
  414. Electoral District: Kim Jong-ok
  415. Electoral District: Ho Jong-man
  416. Electoral District: Ri Sae-yuk
  417. Electoral District: Han Dong-kun
  418. Electoral District: Ri Song-chol
  419. Electoral District: Ko Byong-som
  420. Electoral District: Min Dong-sik
  421. Electoral District: Choe Han-chun
  422. Electoral District: Ri Song-ho
  423. Electoral District: Liu Myong-kum
  424. Electoral District: Hwang In-bom
  425. Electoral District: Choe Ryong-hae
  426. Electoral District: Choe Yong-son
  427. Electoral District: Ri Sung-jin
  428. Electoral District: Pak Myong-sik
  429. Electoral District: Kim Hui-bong
  430. Electoral District: Kim Ji-song
  431. Electoral District: Ri Song-kwan
  432. Electoral District: Ri Chol-ho
  433. Electoral District: Pak Ui-chun
  434. Electoral District: Choe Kwang-chol
  435. Electoral District: Pak Yong-pal
  436. Electoral District: Ri Chun-il
  437. Electoral District: Ju Jin-kuh
  438. Electoral District: Hwang Bong-yong
  439. Electoral District: Ri Chol (Ri Su-yong)
  440. Electoral District: Ri Jong-hyuk
  441. Electoral District: An Kyong-ho
  442. Electoral District: Ri Kyo-sang
  443. Electoral District: Ri Chon-bok
  444. Electoral District: Sok Yon-su
  445. Electoral District: Han Song-chol
  446. Electoral District: Kim Dong-un
  447. Electoral District: Jon Byong-ho
  448. Electoral District: Kwak Yong-nam
  449. Electoral District: Choe Song-kon
  450. Electoral District: Kim Hae-lin
  451. Electoral District: Kim Kwong-ju
  452. Electoral District: Ju Byong-ju
  453. Electoral District: Paek Se-bong
  454. Electoral District: Kim Chol
  455. Electoral District: Son Yong-ung
  456. Electoral District: Jo Sae-yong
  457. Electoral District: Kang Jong-nam
  458. Electoral District: An Sung-hui
  459. Electoral District: Choe Chan-kon
  460. Electoral District: Kim Chun-il
  461. Electoral District: Jong Chun-sil
  462. Electoral District: Ju Kyu-chang
  463. Electoral District: Lyom Hui-ryong
  464. Electoral District: Pak To-chun
  465. Electoral District: Sin Kwan-jin
  466. Electoral District: Lo Hae-sun
  467. Electoral District: Kim Chae-lan
  468. Electoral District: Kim Kwang-chol
  469. Electoral District: Lyom In-yun
  470. Electoral District: Ri Chang-han
  471. Electoral District: Choe Ki-ryong
  472. Electoral District: Ri Sung-kwan
  473. Electoral District: Kim In-nam
  474. Electoral District: Pak Kum-hui
  475. Electoral District: Lim Yong-hua
  476. Electoral District: Kang Byong-hu
  477. Electoral District: Ri Yong-don
  478. Electoral District: Sim Sang-dae
  479. Electoral District: Kim Ryong-sil
  480. Electoral District: Ri Jong-suk
  481. Electoral District: Kim Du-hyon
  482. Electoral District: Byon Ung-kyu
  483. Electoral District: Hong Sok-jin
  484. Electoral District: Kim Won-il
  485. Electoral District: So Man-sul
  486. Electoral District: Lyu Yong-som
  487. Electoral District: Kim Kwong-il
  488. Electoral District: Han Won-il
  489. Electoral District: Kim Yon-hyuk
  490. Electoral District: Ri Il-som
  491. Electoral District: Kwon Kum-ryong
  492. Electoral District: Kim Jin-kyu
  493. Electoral District: Kim Jong-sim
  494. Electoral District: Uh Du-tae
  495. Electoral District: Ji Jong-kwan
  496. Electoral District: Kim Yong-sik
  497. Electoral District: Choe Hui-chong
  498. Electoral District: So Jong-dok
  499. Electoral District: Sin Tae-song
  500. Electoral District: Son Kum-hwal
  501. Electoral District: Jon Song-ung
  502. Electoral District: Kim Yong-chae
  503. Electoral District: Kim In-bok
  504. Electoral District: Jo Chung-han
  505. Electoral District: O Kwang-chol
  506. Electoral District: Sim Sang-jin
  507. Electoral District: O Ryong-il
  508. Electoral District: Ri Hwan-ki
  509. Electoral District: Mun Yong-chol
  510. Electoral District: Ri Chol-pong
  511. Electoral District: Sim Il-chol
  512. Electoral District: Bae Myong-sik
  513. Electoral District: Kang Pil-hun
  514. Electoral District: Kim Hong-su
  515. Electoral District: Pak Jae-kyong
  516. Electoral District: Choe Yong-hyuk
  517. Electoral District: Kim Il-chol
  518. Electoral District: Paek Jong-sun
  519. Electoral District: Han Chun-sik
  520. Electoral District: Ri Song-ho
  521. Electoral District: Choe Jin-su
  522. Electoral District: Kim Song-hun
  523. Electoral District: Kim Hyon-jin
  524. Electoral District: Kim Tae-son
  525. Electoral District: Sim Jong-taek
  526. Electoral District: Jong Sun-kum
  527. Electoral District: Choe Jong-sik
  528. Electoral District: Kim Pung-ki
  529. Electoral District: Kim Chol-won
  530. Electoral District: Sok Won-chun
  531. Electoral District: Song Kwang-dok
  532. Electoral District: Kim Su-jo
  533. Electoral District: Jang Byong-tae
  534. Electoral District: Nam Yong-hal
  535. Electoral District: Kang Hyong-pyo
  536. Electoral District: Kim Ki-uh
  537. Electoral District: Jong Yong-chol
  538. Electoral District: Yu Kyong-hak
  539. Electoral District: Kim Sung-chol
  540. Electoral District: JongYong-kil
  541. Electoral District: Kim Sok-sun
  542. Electoral District: Ri Jong-son
  543. Electoral District: Ri Chong-hua
  544. Electoral District: Sin Byong-kang
  545. Electoral District: Kim Sung-nam
  546. Electoral District: Ri Yong-chol
  547. Electoral District: Ri Yong-ae
  548. Electoral District: Ri Yong-su
  549. Electoral District: Kim Song-ki
  550. Electoral District: Bee Dal-sun
  551. Electoral District: Mun Yong-son
  552. Electoral District: Chu Yong-suk
  553. Electoral District: Ri Chu-ok
  554. Electoral District: Jon Kil-su
  555. Electoral District: Yu Kyong-suk
  556. Electoral District: Ri Hyo-son
  557. Electoral District: Liu Kyong-ok
  558. Electoral District: Jong Dok-yong
  559. Electoral District: Pak In-ju
  560. Electoral District: Kim Man-sang
  561. Electoral District: Ri Kwang-nam
  562. Electoral District: Ho Hak
  563. Electoral District: Jong Byong-kun
  564. Electoral District: Jong Myong-hak
  565. Electoral District: Choe Hyon
  566. Electoral District: Ju Sung-sun
  567. Electoral District: Kong Sung-il
  568. Electoral District: Ri Mu-yong
  569. Electoral District: Kim Chol-yong
  570. Electoral District: Min Byong-chol
  571. Electoral District: Kim Pong-chol
  572. Electoral District: Km Din-ku
  573. Electoral District: Sin Chol-ho
  574. Electoral District: Kim Hua-wal
  575. Electoral District: Jon Dee-won
  576. Electoral District: Ri Jae-son
  577. Electoral District: Song Chun-som
  578. Electoral District: Ri Ho-lim
  579. Electoral District: Pak Thae-won
  580. Electoral District: Sun Hyon-nom
  581. Electoral District: Pak Yong-lee
  582. Electoral District: O Ryong-deek
  583. Electoral District: Kim Su-gil
  584. Electoral District: O Su-yong
  585. Electoral District: Jo Myong-rok
  586. Electoral District: Kim Won-su
  587. Electoral District: Han Jong-bin
  588. Electoral District: Jon Ku-kang
  589. Electoral District: Ko Son-ok
  590. Electoral District: Song Yong-sin
  591. Electoral District: Jong Mun-su
  592. Electoral District: Choe In-ho
  593. Electoral District: Jon Hae-song
  594. Electoral District: Kim Byong-pal
  595. Electoral District: Hong Song-nam
  596. Electoral District: Ri Mun-yong
  597. Electoral District: Pak Chang-dok
  598. Electoral District: Lio Chun-sok
  599. Electoral District: Jyo Bong-chun
  600. Electoral District: Jang Chun-kun
  601. Electoral District: Ri Mun-bong
  602. Electoral District: Kim Jae-dong
  603. Electoral District: Hwang Yong-sam
  604. Electoral District: Kim Kwang-suk
  605. Electoral District: Kim Chong-sun
  606. Electoral District: Choe Kwan-su
  607. Electoral District: Ri Chol-ho
  608. Electoral District: Hwang Kang-chol
  609. Electoral District: Kim Kum-ok
  610. Electoral District: Jong Yong-su
  611. Electoral District: Kang Yong-tae
  612. Electoral District: Kim Song-ho
  613. Electoral District: Kim Yong-chol
  614. Electoral District: Jo Sun-sil
  615. Electoral District: Cha Kyong-il
  616. Electoral District: Ja Chong-kun
  617. Electoral District: Bang Kwan-bok
  618. Electoral District: Li Tae-som
  619. Electoral District: Pak Song-ki
  620. Electoral District: Kim Yong-jin
  621. Electoral District: Kim Ryong-kun
  622. Electoral District: Ha Sae-un
  623. Electoral District: Song Sun-lyo
  624. Electoral District: Yun Byong-sok
  625. Electoral District: Pak Hui-dok
  626. Electoral District: Choe Kwan-chun
  627. Electoral District: Dong Hun
  628. Electoral District: O Sae-kwan
  629. Electoral District: Kim Chun-kum
  630. Electoral District: Tae Jong-hon
  631. Electoral District: Li Jong-sik
  632. Electoral District: Kim Tae-bong
  633. Electoral District: Kim Chol-ho
  634. Electoral District: Li Kwang-nam
  635. Electoral District: Song Ryong-su
  636. Electoral District: Ju Chun-som
  637. Electoral District: Kim Min-suk
  638. Electoral District: Ko Ki-hon
  639. Electoral District: Jon Song-ho
  640. Electoral District: Kim Yong-song
  641. Electoral District: Song Kum-ok
  642. Electoral District: Kim Hyong-chan
  643. Electoral District: Jo Chang-bam
  644. Electoral District: Ryang Yong-ho
  645. Electoral District: Jon Sung-hun
  646. Electoral District: Choe Kil-ju
  647. Electoral District: Pyo Il-sok
  648. Electoral District: Jin Byong-som
  649. Electoral District: Ro Song-ung
  650. Electoral District: Hwang Min
  651. Electoral District: Ri Ku-ok
  652. Electoral District: Song Jong-hui
  653. Electoral District: Hong Sok-hyong
  654. Electoral District: Kim Song-jong
  655. Electoral District: Kim Son-won
  656. Electoral District: Kim Chong-sik
  657. Electoral District: Jon Kwang-lok
  658. Electoral District: Sok Kil-ho
  659. Electoral District: Kim Myong-sok
  660. Electoral District: Pak Su-kil
  661. Electoral District: Pak Dong-jun
  662. Electoral District: Jong Yong-son
  663. Electoral District: Pak Song-nam
  664. Electoral District: Pak Kwang-chol
  665. Electoral District: Ri Yong-jin
  666. Electoral District: Hong Lin-som
  667. Electoral District: Kim Su-yol
  668. Electoral District: Kim Myong-hui
  669. Electoral District: Han Myong-song
  670. Electoral District: Choe Sae-kwan
  671. Electoral District: Pak Chol-ho
  672. Electoral District: So Hong-chan
  673. Electoral District: Jong Hyong-suk
  674. Electoral District: Ri Bong-juk
  675. Electoral District: Jang In-suk
  676. Electoral District: Ri Il-nam
  677. Electoral District: Kim Kyong-ho
  678. Electoral District: Kim Hyong-dok
  679. Electoral District: Kim Dong-il
  680. Electoral District: Jang Byong-kwan
  681. Electoral District: An Mun-hak
  682. Electoral District: Kim Chol
  683. Electoral District: Choe Ki-jun
  684. Electoral District: Om Ha-jin
  685. Electoral District: Yon Tae-jong
  686. Electoral District: Song Jong-su
  687. Electoral District: Han Myong-kuk

Reactions

The 2009 election in North Korea garnered significant attention from media agencies around the world. The attention was primarily to see if the potentially named successor to Kim Jong-il, Kim Jong-un, was standing for a seat to the Supreme People's Assembly. Rumors surfaced in the world media on 8 March 2009 that Kim Jong-un, the youngest son of Kim Jong-il, appeared on the ballot for the elections to the Supreme People's Assembly.[27] The rumors also stated that following the election the new parliament "may also replace members of [Kim's] cabinet and the National Defense Commission, the top ruling agency."[5]

The Central Election Commission, via the Korean Central News Agency, released the complete list of Deputies elected to the Supreme People's Assembly. The list showed that Kim Jong-un was not among those who were elected.[28] The results left watchers of the regime in North Korea guessing as to the political future of the country.[20]

References

  1. "N Korea announces March election". BBC News. 2009-01-07.
  2. "CIA World Factbook: North Korea". Central Intelligence Agency. 7 February 2023.
  3. Moon, Angela; Sugita Katyal; Ralph Boulton (2009-03-08). "N.Korea vote may point to Kim successor". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
  4. Sohn, Jie-Ae (2009-03-08). "N. Korea holds parliamentary elections". CNN. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
  5. Choe, Sang-Hun (2009-03-08). "In North Korean Poll, Observers Look Down Ballot". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
  6. "Kim Jong Il nominated as candidate for 11th SPA". Korean Central News Agency. July 1, 2003. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
  7. Lee Sung Jin (March 9, 2009). "Increasing "Deaths" ahead of SPA Election". Daily NK.
  8. "North Korea ends registration for upcoming election". Asiaone News. March 5, 2009. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
  9. "'Election' in North". The Korea Herald. March 10, 2009.
  10. "Returns of SPA Election Announced". Korean Central News Agency. Archived from the original on 2009-03-13.
  11. Lee Sung Jin (March 16, 2009). "Defectors Detained in Chinese Prison Cast Proxy Votes". Daily NK.
  12. "A look at North Korea's parliamentary election". Associated Press. March 6, 2009.
  13. "Resistance against election sporadic but continued… spelling of 'election' sign changed". NKnetwork. March 25, 2009.
  14. James (March 27, 2009). "A guide to voting in North Korea". Japan Probe. Archived from the original on March 30, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2009.
  15. "All Citizens Called upon to Turn out in Election". Korean Central News Agency. March 8, 2009. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
  16. "KPA Servicepersons Participate in Voting". Korean Central News Agency. March 8, 2009. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
  17. "All Voters Participate in Voting". Korean Central News Agency. March 8, 2009. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
  18. Cho, Kevin; Heejin Koo (2009-03-07). "North Korea Holds Parliamentary Elections Amid Rising Tensions". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
  19. Choe Sang-Hun (March 8, 2009). "Amid a Vote, North Korea Awaits Clues to Its Future". New York Times.
  20. "North Korea polls give no clue". Press Association. March 9, 2009.
  21. "N Korea's Kim wins parliamentary seat: official media". Agence France Press. March 9, 2009.
  22. "Anti-election Graffiti around Pyongang Province". Daily NK. April 14, 2009.
  23. Freeman, Colin (March 19, 2009). "Peter Hughes, Britain's ambassador to North Korea, in blogging row". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  24. Ser Myo-ja (March 11, 2009). "Kim Jong-il's heir not seen on list of new lawmakers". JoongAng Daily.
  25. "[Annotated full list of elected MP's]" (XLS). North Korean Economy Watch. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  26. 전현준 (March 2009). 북한의 제12기 최고인민회의 대의원 선거 결과 분석 (PDF). 통일정세분석 2009-04 (in Korean). Korea Institute for National Unification. pp. 15–16. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  27. "N Korea holds parliamentary poll". BBC News. March 8, 2009.
  28. "Kim Jong-il's son not among N Korea election winners". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. March 10, 2009.
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