14 Irene

Irene /aɪˈriːniː/ (minor planet designation: 14 Irene) is a large main-belt asteroid, discovered by the English astronomer John Russell Hind on May 19, 1851. It is orbiting the Sun at a distance of 2.585 AU with a period of 4.16 yr and an eccentricity of 0.168. The orbital plane is tilted at an angle of 9.1° to the plane of the ecliptic.[2]

14 Irene
A three dimensional model of 14 Irene from light curve inversion
Discovery
Discovered byJohn Russell Hind
Discovery dateMay 19, 1851
Designations
(14) Irene
Pronunciation/aɪˈriːniː/[1]
Named after
Irēnē
A906 QC;
A913 EA;
1952 TM
Main belt
AdjectivesIrenean /aɪrɪˈniːən/ (< Irenæan)
SymbolAstronomical symbol of 14 Irene (historical)
Orbital characteristics[2]
Epoch July 14, 2004 (JD 2453200.5)
Aphelion451.858 Gm (3.020 AU)
Perihelion321.602 Gm (2.150 AU)
386.730 Gm (2.585 AU)
Eccentricity0.168
1,518.176 d (4.16 yr)
326.489°
Inclination9.106°
86.493°
96.473°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions(167 × 153 × 139) ± 16 km[3]
152km (Dunham)[2]
Mass(6.94±1.63)×1018 kg[lower-alpha 1][3]
Mean density
3.73±1.47 g/cm3[3]
0.6275 d (15.06 h)[2][4]
0.159[2]
S[2]
8.85[5] to 12.30
6.30[2]
0.17″ to 0.052"

    14 Irene was named after Irēnē, a personification of peace in Greek mythology. She was one of the Horae, daughter of Zeus and Themis. The name was suggested by Sir John Herschel.[6] Hind wrote,

    "You will readily discover that this name [...] has some relation to this event (the Great Industrial Exhibition) which is now filling our metropolis [London] with the talent of all civilised nations, with those of Peace, the productions of Art and Science, in which all mankind must feel an interest."

    The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in the Crystal Palace of Hyde Park, London, ran from May 1 until October 18, 1851.

    Hind suggested that the symbol for the asteroid should be "A dove carrying an olive-branch, with a star on its head",[7] but an actual drawing of the symbol was never made before the use of graphical symbols to represent asteroids was dropped entirely.[8]

    Observations from 2007 indicate that the rotation pole of 14 Irene lies close to the plane of the ecliptic, indicating it has an obliquity close to 90°.[9] The fairly flat Irenian lightcurves indicate somewhat spherical proportions. This is a stony S-type asteroid with a mean diameter of around 152 km.[3][2] It is spinning with a rotation period of 15 hours.[9]

    There have been seven reported stellar occultation events by Irene. The best is a three chord event observed in 2013.[10]

    See also

    Notes
    1. (3.49 ± 0.82) × 10−12 M☉

    References
    1. Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 14 Irene" (2008-04-14 last obs). Retrieved 27 November 2008.
    3. Baer, James; Chesley, Steven; Matson, Robert (2011). "Astrometric masses of 26 asteroids and observations on asteroid porosity". The Astronomical Journal. 141 (5). Bibcode:2011AJ....141..143B. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/143.
    4. "Asteroid Lightcurve Parameters". Planetary Science Institute. Archived from the original on 14 June 2006. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
    5. "AstDys (14) Irene Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
    6. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names. Vol. 1 (5th ed.). Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 16. ISBN 3-540-00238-3.
    7. Hind, John Russell (1852). "From a Letter of Mr. Hind to the Editor". Astronomical Journal. 2: 22–23. Bibcode:1851AJ......2...22H. doi:10.1086/100162.
    8. When did the asteroids become minor planets? Archived 2007-09-21 at the Wayback Machine
    9. Pilcher, Frederick (October 2009). "New Lightcurves of 8 Flora, 13 Egeria, 14 Irene, 25 Phocaea 40 Harmonia, 74 Galatea, and 122 Gerda". Bulletin of the Minor Planets Section of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers. 36 (4): 133–136. Bibcode:2009MPBu...36..133P.
    10. "Asteroid Data Sets". sbn.psi.edu. Retrieved 19 May 2018.

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