170th (2/1st North Lancashire) Brigade

170th (2/1st North Lancashire) Brigade was a 2nd-Line infantry formation of the British Territorial Force raised during the First World War that served on the Western Front. The brigade's number was also used for deception purposes during the Second World War.

170th (2/1st North Lancashire) Brigade
ActiveNovember 1914–July 1919
November 1943–April 1944
Country United Kingdom
Branch British Army
TypeInfantry Brigade
RoleInfantry and deception
Part of57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division

Origin

On 31 August 1914, the War Office authorised the formation of a reserve or 2nd-Line unit for each Territorial Force (TF) unit that was proceeding on overseas service. The 2nd/1st North Lancashire Brigade came into existence in November 1914, composed of 2nd-Line duplicates of the battalions of the peacetime North Lancashire Brigade that were due to be sent overseas. The brigade was part of 2nd West Lancashire Division. In August 1915 these formations were assigned numbers, becoming 170th (2nd/1st North Lancashire) Brigade and 57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division respectively.[1][2]

Order of battle

The following units served in the brigade during the war:[1][2][3]

Commanders

The following officers commanded the brigade during the war:[1]

  • Col. J.H. Campbell (from 4 November 1914)
  • Col. S.H. Harrison (transferred from 2/1st Liverpool Brigade April 1915)
  • Brig.-Gen. J.J.F. Hume (from 28 January 1916)
  • Brig.-Gen. S.P. Rolt (from 28 August 1916)
  • Brig.-Gen. A. Martyn (from 15 December 1916)
  • Brig.-Gen. F.G. Guggisberg (from 12 May 1917)
  • Brig.-Gen. G.F. Boyd (from 16 July 1918)
  • Brig.-Gen. A.L. Ransome (from 5 September 1918)

History

The formations and units of 57th Division concentrated around Canterbury in early 1915 as part of Second Army, Central Force. Training was hampered by lack of equipment: the infantry trained on obsolete .256-inch Japanese rifles until .303-inch service rifles (many in poor condition) arrived in November 1915. In July 1916, 57th Division was transferred to the Emergency Reserves in the Aldershot area where it continued training.[1][2] 170 Brigade moved to Blackdown Camp in October.[6]

On 5 January 1917 the division was ready for overseas service, and between 7 and 22 February its units and formations crossed to France and disembarked at Le Havre. On 25 February it took over a section of the Front Line under the command of II ANZAC Corps. 170 Brigade served on the Western Front for the rest of the war, taking part in the following operations:[1]

On 1 November 1918 170 Bde went into billets at Lille, and was still resting when the Armistice with Germany was signed. For the rest of 1918 its units were involved in clearing and evacuating stores from the Arras area. Demobilisation began in January 1919 and units were steadily reduced to cadres. The last cadres of 57th Division left France in July 1919, completing the disbandment of 170 Bde.[1]

Second World War

170 Brigade was never reformed, but the number was used for deception purposes during the Second World War. 30th Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, a line of communication unit serving in 42nd Brigade in North Africa and composed mainly of men below Medical Category 'A', was redesignated '170th Infantry Brigade' and acted as if it were a full brigade from November 1943 until April 1944.[8]

Notes

  1. Becke, pp. 1–7.
  2. 57th Division at Long, Long Trail
  3. "170 Bde at Regimental Warpath". Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  4. King's Own at Regimental Warpath Archived February 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  5. Training Force battalions at Regimental Warpath Archived November 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  6. Loyals at Long, Long Trail
  7. "Loyals at Regimental Warpath". Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  8. Joslen, pp. 287, 354.

References

  • Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions, London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-84734-739-8.
  • Joslen, H. F. (2003) [1960]. Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.

External sources

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