1789 Dobrovolsky

1789 Dobrovolsky (prov. designation: 1966 QC) is a Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 August 1966, by Russian astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj on the Crimean peninsula.[12] The asteroid was named after cosmonaut Georgy Dobrovolsky.[2]

1789 Dobrovolsky
Shape model of Dobrovolsky from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byL. Chernykh
Discovery siteCrimean Astrophysical Obs.
Discovery date19 August 1966
Designations
(1789) Dobrovolsky
Named after
Georgy Dobrovolsky
(cosmonaut)[2]
1966 QC · 1936 KK
1939 GR · 1943 SG
1946 NA · 1953 TC2
1953 VX3 · 1955 EJ
1956 PD · 1956 RT
1969 OF
main-belt · Flora[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc73.51 yr (26,850 days)
Aphelion2.6309 AU
Perihelion1.7952 AU
2.2131 AU
Eccentricity0.1888
3.29 yr (1,203 days)
195.44°
0° 17m 57.84s / day
Inclination1.9761°
102.09°
214.93°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions7.809±0.077 km[4]
7.922±0.099[5]
9.85 km (calculated)[3]
11.23±0.37 km[6]
4.800±0.020 h[7]
4.811096±0.000005 h[8]
4.8111±0.0025 h[9]
4.812±0.001 h[lower-alpha 1]
5.8 h[10]
0.1825±0.0243[4]
0.185±0.031[6][5]
0.24 (assumed)[3]
S[3][11]
11.05±1.53[11] · 11.800±0.080 (R)[7] · 11.922±0.001 (R)[9] · 12.2[1][3][6] · 13.0[4]

    Orbit and classification

    Dobrovolsky is a member of the Flora family, a large group of stony S-type asteroids in the inner main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,203 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] First identified as 1936 KK at Johannesburg, the body's first used observation was taken at Nice Observatory in 1943, when Dobrovolsky was identified as 1943 SG, extending its observation arc by 23 years prior to its official discovery observation.[12]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named in honor of Ukrainian–Soviet cosmonaut Georgy Dobrovolsky, commander of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft, who died on 30 June 1971 during the vehicle's return to Earth after completing the flight program of the first crewed orbital station, Salyut. The subsequently numbered minor planets 1790 Volkov and 1791 Patsayev were named in honour of his dead crew members.[2]

    The names of all three cosmonauts are also engraved on the plaque next to the sculpture of the Fallen Astronaut on the Moon, which was placed there during the Apollo 15 mission, containing the names of eight American astronauts and six Soviet cosmonauts, who had all died in service. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 July 1972 (M.P.C. 3296).[13]

    Physical characteristics

    Rotation period

    The so-far best rated rotational lightcurve of Dobrovolsky was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian A. Skiff in March 2011. It gave a rotation period of 4.812 hours with a brightness variation of 0.13 magnitude (U=3).[lower-alpha 1] Other lightcurves were obtained by Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist (in 1973) and at the Palomar Transient Factory (in 2014), giving a period of 5.8, 4.800 and 4.8111 hours, respectively (U=2/2/2).[7][9][10] An international study from February 2016, published a modeled period of 4.811096 hours (U=n.a.).[8]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Dobrovolsky measures 7.92 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.185 (best result),[4][5][6] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of its family – and calculates a diameter of 9.85 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.2.[3]

    Notes
    1. Skiff, B.A. (2011) web: rotation period 4.812±0.001 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.13 mag. Summary figures at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) for (1746) Brouwer

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1789 Dobrovolsky (1966 QC)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1789) Dobrovolsky". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1789) Dobrovolsky. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 143. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1790. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1789) Dobrovolsky". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 19 December 2016.
    4. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
    7. Chang, Chan-Kao; Ip, Wing-Huen; Lin, Hsing-Wen; Cheng, Yu-Chi; Ngeow, Chow-Choong; Yang, Ting-Chang; et al. (August 2015). "Asteroid Spin-rate Study Using the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 219 (2): 19. arXiv:1506.08493. Bibcode:2015ApJS..219...27C. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/27. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
    8. Hanus, J.; Durech, J.; Oszkiewicz, D. A.; Behrend, R.; Carry, B.; Delbo, M.; et al. (February 2016). "New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 586: 24. arXiv:1510.07422. Bibcode:2016A&A...586A.108H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527441. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
    9. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
    10. Lagerkvist, C.-I. (March 1978). "Photographic photometry of 110 main-belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 31: 361–381. Bibcode:1978A&AS...31..361L. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
    11. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
    12. "1789 Dobrovolsky (1966 QC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
    13. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.

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