1948 Chinese legislative election

In 1928, the Nationalist government completed the Northern Expedition and after achieving unification in the name of China, initiated the "Political Tutelage" period and created the Legislative Yuan. But the Legislative Representatives at the time were not elected, but appointed by the Nationalist government for a 2-year term. There were initially 49 seats, but it was increased to the 194 seats before the Second Sino-Japanese War. However, during the Second World War, the 194 Legislative Representatives selected in 1934's terms were extended until after WWII in 1947.

On 1 January 1947, the Constitution of the Republic of China was published, and in the same year on 25 December promulgated. In April 1947, according to the Political Consultative Conference, the National Government was reorganized to allow other political parties (e.g. Youth Party, Democratic Socialist Party) to enter. In the beginning of 1948, according to the Constitution's Article 64, the first Constitutional Legislative Election was held. Because of the large size of the provinces, not all of the elections in the various provinces were held on the same date. The starting and ending dates were from 21 to 23 January.

Because of the problems that took place during the 1947 National Assembly election (i.e. party candidates were not nominated by their political parties, but by self-gathering voter signatures), the Nationalist Party Central Government strengthened the requirements for party member candidates.

Party		Seats
		Legislative Yuan
	Kuomintang	716
	Democratic Socialist Party	17
	Young China Party	6
	Independents	20
Total		759

In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of China, members of the Legislative Yuan shall be elected in accordance with the following provisions:

1. Those to be elected from the provinces and by the municipalities under the direct jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan shall be five for each province or municipality with a population of not more than 3,000,000, one additional member shall be elected for each additional 1,000,000 in a province or municipality whose population is over 3,000,000
2. Those to be elected from Mongolian leagues and banners
3. Those to be elected from Tibet
4. Those to be elected by various racial groups in frontier regions
5. Those to be elected by Chinese citizens residing abroad
6. Those to be elected by occupational groups

The number of women to be elected under the provinces, municipalities, and other items shall be prescribed by law. Based on the census calculations, at the time the citizen population of China numbered at 461 million,[2] in this election 773 representatives were elected. Their numbers are as follows

1. Elected representatives from the provinces and municipalities: 622
2. Elected representatives from the Mongolian leagues: 22
3. Elected representatives from Tibet: 15
4. Elected representatives by various racial groups in frontier regions: 6
5. Elected representatives by Chinese citizens residing abroad: 19
6. Elected representatives by occupational groups: 89[3]

As a process of constitutional succession, before the establishment of the elected government, in accordance with the "End of Political Tutelage Procedure Law", the first Legislative and National Assembly election is to be organized by the National Government. In accordance with the "National Assembly and Legislative Yuan Election Ordinance" from 25 June 1947, the National Government are to establish general elections at the central government office and around the various provinces, municipalities, and counties. In 1948, from 21 to 23 January, the country's 47 provinces, municipalities, 18 Mongolian leagues, Tibetan area, domestic occupational groups, women's organisations, and overseas Chinese regions, making up nearly 200 million voters voted for their legislators. Because of the Chinese Civil War, the elections could not be held in Communist controlled areas, the National government, through the supplementary regulations, had the people living nearest to the areas elect representation for the areas.

Because the Chinese Communist Party refused to participate in the election, only the Chinese Nationalist Party, China Democratic Socialist Party, Chinese Youth Party, and other small party and independents participated. In the election, all citizens who had gone through citizen registration at least 20 years old could vote using the "radio, anonymous, secret" voting system. Not counting the small groups like the occupational groups and the ethnic minority groups, only those who were close to the ballot offices could participate. If using an average 30% between all of the provinces of citizens who have registered, it is estimated that 150 million people participated. Although the turn-out rate was low, this session of the Legislative Yuan and National Assembly remains to date the only session of the Greater China region that has been directly elected.

Also, Sinkiang Province had 6 seats, but 1 seat of the Yitaasan district was reserved to elected, so only 5 were elected from the province; Tibet Area originally was given 5 seats, but because the Kashag did not report the list on time, 3 of the Tibetan representatives in the capital filled in the seats, and Tibet had 2 vacant seats; Overseas Chinese citizens had 19 seats, but only votes from districts 6 to 13 were counted, electing 8 representatives with 11 vacancies. In total, there were 14 vacancies.

Site of Legislative Yuan Meetings in Nanjing from 1946 to 1949

In 1948, 759 members were elected to the first Legislative Yuan under the rule of the recently promulgated Constitution of the Republic of China. The members convened of their own accord on 8 May in the National Assembly Hall of Nanking and held six preparatory meetings during which Ko Sun (son of Sun Yat-sen) and Li-fu Chen were elected president and vice president respectively. On 18 May, the first meeting of the first session of the first Legislative Yuan officially inaugurated 21 standing committees in operation.

Because the election dates of the two elections are almost the same, it is difficult to determine which election is depicted in the pictures, as a result the pictures are placed together into the same gallery.

• 
  Boy Scouts standing in front the door of a polling office in Shanghai
• 
  Government officials explaining to people the rules of the voting process
• 
  A voter casting his vote
• 
  A group of professors of the Jiaotong University of Shanghai casting their votes
• 
  ROC soldiers in Nanking voting
• 
  A picture of city folks voting.
• 
  Commoners voting
• 
  Chiang Kai-shek voting as a commoner for Chen Yuguang
• 
  The Nationalist Party flag on the left of Sun Yat-sen's portrait has been replaced by the national flag, signaling the end of the political tutelage period.
• 
  Women from the farming villages also has received voting rights
• 
  Voting registration
• 
  President of the Examination Yuan Yu Youren casting his vote
• 
  Kuomintang party secretary Wu Tiecheng gets in line with commoners to vote

There were some regime changes happened in China during the first half of the 20th century. Depending on the definition, possible previous and next elections for legislatures with similar functions are listed below.

Order	Election	Political entity	Note
Previous	1918 Chinese National Assembly election	Republic of China (1912–1949)	Elected the 2nd National Assembly under the Beiyang government
Next	1st National People's Congress	People's Republic of China	Elected the 1st National People's Congress
	1969 Taiwanese legislative election	Republic of China (on Taiwan)	Elected supplementary delegates served together with the 1st National Assembly
	1992 Taiwanese legislative election	Republic of China (on Taiwan)	Elected new delegates to form the 2nd Legislative Yuan

• Constitution of the Republic of China
• National Assembly (Republic of China)
• Legislative Yuan
• Control Yuan
• 1947 Chinese National Assembly election
• Chinese Civil War

• 劉寧顏編，《重修台灣省通志》，台北市，台灣省文獻委員會，1994年。
• 中華民國國史館編，《中華民國褒揚令全集》，14冊，NO.2313-NO.2708，台北市，國史館，1985年
• 李憲榮，《從選舉制度論立法院效能之改善》，2001年
• 《中華民國憲法》，立法篇
• 許主峰，公民組織與政府組織的改造。

• Judicial Yuan of the ROC interpretation number 150, 9/16/1977 (English)
• 中華民國立法院
• 南方周末：国民政府行宪之初的选举纠纷