2-Vinylpyridine

2-Vinylpyridine is an organic compound with the formula CH2CHC5H4N. It is a derivative of pyridine with a vinyl group in the 2-position, next to the nitrogen. It is a colorless liquid, although samples are often brown. It is used industrially as a precursor to specialty polymers and as an intermediate in the chemical, pharmaceutical, dye, and photo industries.[1] Vinylpyridine is sensitive to polymerization. It may be stabilized with a free radical inhibitor such as tert-butylcatechol. Owing to its tendency to polymerize, samples are typically refrigerated.

2-Vinylpyridine
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2-Ethenylpyridine
Other names
2-Vinylpyridine
2VP
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
104505
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.002.618
EC Number
  • 202-879-8
RTECS number
  • UU1040000
UNII
UN number 3073
  • InChI=1S/C7H7N/c1-2-7-5-3-4-6-8-7/h2-6H,1H2
    Key: KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C7H7N/c1-2-7-5-3-4-6-8-7/h2-6H,1H2
    Key: KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYAO
  • C=CC1=CC=CC=N1
Properties
C7H7N
Molar mass 105.140 g·mol−1
Appearance colorless liquid
Density 0.977 g/cm3
Melting point −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)
Boiling point 158 °C (316 °F; 431 K)
27.5 g/L
Vapor pressure 96 hPa (72 mmHg) at 100 °C
Acidity (pKa) 4.98
Viscosity 1.17 mPas
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: ToxicGHS07: Exclamation markGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H226, H301, H302, H311, H314, H317, H331, H411
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P361, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501
Flash point 48 °C (118 °F; 321 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Synthesis

It was first synthesized in 1887. A contemporary preparation entails condensation of 2-methylpyridine with formaldehyde, followed by dehydration of the intermediate alcohol. The reaction is carried out between 150–200 °C in an autoclave. The conversion is kept relatively low. After removal of unreacted 2-methylpyridine by distillation, concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to the residue and the resultant mixture is distilled under reduced pressure. During distillation, the dehydration of 2-(2-pyridyl)ethanol occurs to give 2-vinylpyridine, which can be purified further by fractional distillation under reduced pressure in the presence of an inhibitor such as 4-tert-butylcatechol.[1]

CH3C5H4N + CH2O → HOCH2CH2C5H4N
HOCH2CH2C5H4N → CH2=CHC5H4N + H2O

An alternative synthesis involves the reaction of acrylonitrile and acetylene below 130–140 ̊C in the presence of organocobalt compounds as a catalyst.[1] Acrylonitrile is the solvent for the reaction.[2]

Uses

Polymeric derivatives

2-Vinylpyridine is readily polymerized or copolymerized with styrene, butadiene, isobutylene, methyl methacrylate, and other compounds in the presence of radical, cationic, or anionic initiators. The homopolymer is soluble in organic solvents such as methanol and acetone, whereas cross-linked copolymers are insoluble in organic solvents.

An important application of 2-vinylpyridine involves the production of a latex terpolymer of 2-vinylpyridine, styrene, and butadiene, for use as a tire-cord binder. The tire cord is treated first with a resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer and then with a terpolymer made from 15% 2-vinylpyridine, styrene, and butadiene. This treatment gives the close bonding of tire cord to rubber.

2-Vinylpyridine is a co-monomer for acrylic fibers. Between 1–5% of copolymerized 2-vinylpyridine provide the reactive sites for dyes.[2]

Organic synthesis

Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the ring nitrogen atom, 2-vinylpyridine adds nucleophiles such as methoxide, cyanide, hydrogen sulfide at the vinylic site to give addition products. The addition product of methanol to 2-vinylpyridine, 2-(2-methoxyethyl)pyridine is a veterinary anthelmintic.[1]

Treating 2-vinylpyridine with 4-pyridinecarbonitrile and hydrogen chloride gives 1-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-4-cyanopyridinium chloride, which then can be used to prepare dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), a widely used base catalyst.

2-Vinylpyridine is used in the production of Axitinib, a pharmaceutical.

See also

References
  1. Shimizu, Shinkichi; Watanabe, Nanao; Kataoka, Toshiaki; Shoji, Takayuki; Abe, Nobuyuki; Morishita, Sinji; Ichimura, Hisao (2007). "Pyridine and Pyridine Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_399.
  2. Bönnemann, H.; Brijoux, W.. Transition Metals for Organic Synthesis: Building Blocks and Fine Chemicals. 2008, p. 188
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