2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists

Between July 2011[1] and December 2011 a number of young Vietnamese Christian activists, primarily located in northern province of Nghệ An, Vietnam, and working with the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, were arrested by the Vietnamese government for protesting for land rights and circulating a petition to free prominent legal rights activist Cu Huy Ha Vu, a prominent human rights defender who was imprisoned for seven years in April 2011.[2][3][4]

Among them was 26-year-old high-profile blogger Paulus Le Son.[3][5]

Four of them, Dau Van Duong, Tran Huu Duc, Chu Manh Son, and Hoang Phong had already been tried, allegedly for distributing pro-democracy leaflets[6] and sentenced under Article 88 to two to three years in jail. Fourteen other activists were sentenced to 3 to 15 years in prison after a two-day trial on 8–9 January 2013.[7]

Activists

During the original wave in July and August 2011, 17 original activists have been arrested.[2][8][9]

NameAge at time of arrestHometownDate of ArrestTrialVerdict
Dang Xuan Dieu[1][2][10]32Vinh City30 July 20118–9 January 2013[7]13 years prison term[7]
Ho Duc Hoa[1][2][10]37Vinh City30 July 20118–9 January 2013[7]13 years prison term[7]
Nguyen Van Oai[1][2]31Vinh City30 July 20118–9 January 2013[7]3 years prison term, 2 years house arrest
Chu Manh Son[1]22Nghệ An Province2 August 201124 May 2012[11]26 months in prison[11]
Dau Van Duong[1][2]23Nghệ An Province2 August 201124 May 2012[11]42 months in prison[11]
Tran Huu Duc[1][2]23Nghệ An Province2 August 201124 May 2012[11]39 months in prison[11]
Paulus Le Son[1][2][5][10]26Thanh Hóa Province3 August 20118–9 January 2013[7]13 years prison term, 5 years of house arrest
Nong Hung Anh[1]23Lạng Sơn5 August 20118–9 January 2013[7]5 years prison term, 3 years house arrest
Nguyen Van Duyet[1][2][10]31Vinh City7 August 20118–9 January 2013[7]6 years prison term, 4 years house arrest
Nguyen Xuan Anh[1]29Vinh City7 August 20118–9 January 2013[12]3 years prison term, 2 years house arrest
Ho Van Oanh[1][2]26Vinh City16 August 20118–9 January 2013[12]3 years prison term, 2 years house arrest
Thai Van Dung[1]24Nghệ An Province19 August 20118–9 January 20135 years prison term, 3 years house arrest
Tran Minh Nhat[1]23Lâm Đồng Province27 August 20118–9 January 2013[7]4 years prison term, 3 years house arrest
Ta Phong Tan[1]43Bạc Liêu Province5 September 201124 September 201210 years prison term[13]
Tran Vu Anh Binh[1]37Unknown19 September 201130 October 20126 years prison term, 2 years house arrest[14]
Nguyen Dinh Cuong31Nghệ An Province24 December 20118–9 January 2013[12]4 years prison term, 3 years house arrest
Hoang Phong24Nghệ An Province29 December 201124 May 20122 years of probation[15]

Arrest

Reporters Without Borders reported on the arrest of the Catholic blogger Paulus Le Son and the major police operation targeting around 10 Catholics in August 2011. Paulus Le Son was arrested at his home on 3 August 2011 around 11:30am.[10] Police blocked the road as he returned home on his motorcycle, deliberately causing him to fall. Four police officers then lifted him by his hands and feet and tossed him into a police car.[16]

Dang Xuan Dieu, 32, and Ho Duc Hoa, 37 were detained on 30 July at Tan Son Nhat airport in Ho Chi Minh City.[10]

The activists' families have tried to visit the activists in prisons multiple times, but were denied visits.[2]

2012 Trials for Article 88

On 24 May 2012, a trial was held for Dau Van Duong, Tran Huu Duc, Chu Manh Son, and Hoang Phong who were arrested under Article 88 of Vietnam's Penal Code, "conducting propaganda against the Socialist Republic of Vietnam". The four from Nghệ An were arrested for distributing leaflets.[6]

They were convicted of propaganda against the state and sentenced by the People's Court of Nghệ An in Vietnam to two to three and a half years of imprisonment.[17] The four were denied access to legal counsel until just before the trial. Of the four, one was arrested in December 2011, while the other three had been awaiting trial since their arrests in August 2011. Only after protesting outside were families and supporters of the four were allowed into the courtroom.[17]

On 24 September 2012, Ta Phong Tan and two other bloggers Nguyen Van Hai and Phan Thanh Hai were convicted by the People's Court of Ho Chi Minh City. In the same year, another trial was held for Tran Vu Anh Binh and Viet Khang, another dissident musician on 30 October.

2013 Trial for Article 79
Main article: 2013 conviction of 14 Vietnamese dissidents

On 8 and 9 January 2013, a trial was held by the People's Court of Nghệ An Province for 14 of democracy activists, including Dang Ngoc Minh, Dang Xuan Dieu, Ho Duc Hoa, Ho Van Oanh, Paulus Le Son, Nguyen Dang Minh Man, Nguyen Dang Vinh Phuc, Nguyen Dinh Cuong, Nguyen Van Duyet, Nguyen Van Oai, Nguyen Xuan Oanh, Nong Hung Anh, Thai Van Dung, and Tran Minh Nhat.[18][19]

They were accused of maintaining ties with Viet Tan,[7] a US-based pro-democracy organization to establish democracy and reform Vietnam through peaceful and political means.[20][21] The verdict was announced by Judge Tran Ngoc: All of them were sentenced to 3–13 years in prison on charges violating Clause 1 of Article 79 of the Vietnamese criminal code for organizing "to attempt to overthrow the government".[7] At the trial, Paulus Le Son was the only one not to have acknowledged any wrongdoings.[7]

During the trial, a large number of police were deployed around the court, with police detaining a number of other bloggers who attempted to attend the trial.[18]

International response

Shortly after the arrest wave, Human Rights Watch released a press statement on 30 September 2011 calling for the immediate release of Dang Xuan Dieu, Ho Duc Hoa, Nguyen Van Duyet, Nong Hung Anh and Paulus Le Son and a dismissal of their "charges".[1]

The Committee to Protect Journalists, CPJ, is alarmed by the arrest and recent crackdown on freedom of express in Vietnam and calls on the government to immediately release all of the journalists detained in the country.[10]

On 3 October 2011, Bob Bietz, CPJ's Asia program director stated, "With these arrests, Vietnam now ranks among the worst jailers of journalists in the world. The crackdown under way underscores the Communist Party government's enduring fear of an independent press scrutinizing its record, policies, and personalities. The national security-related charges used to imprison these journalists are bogus across the board."[10]

On 13 December 2011, Congresswoman Susan Davis, representing the California 53rd District and a member of the Vietnam Caucus in Congress[22] spoke on the Congress floor [23] on behalf of Paulus Le Son and 14 other arrested Vietnamese youth activists. Davis stated, "I call on my colleagues to stand side-by-side with these brave individuals and raise their voice in demanding that the Government of Vietnam release all prisoners of conscience and uphold their commitment to human rights for all."[24]

On 12 March 2012, Media Legal Defence Initiative and eight other NGOs issued a joint letter to the Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung calling for the immediate release of bloggers Dang Xuan Dieu, Ho Duc Hoa, Nguyen Van Duyet, Nong Hung Anh and Paulus Le Son. The letter states, "There are no grounds for such charges against any of the five. Mr. Dieu is an engineer and community organizer. Mr. Hoa is also a community organizer, Mr. Duyet is the President of the Association of Catholic Workers of Vinh, and Mr. Anh is a student at Hanoi University. Mr. Son is a blogger. All are active contributors to prominent citizen journalist sites, including Vietnam Redemptorist News (VRNs)."[25]

On 22 May 2012, Human Rights Watch issued a second press release calling the immediate release of the four Catholic activists accused of Article 88. "It's absolutely shameful that the Vietnam government is putting these Catholic activists on trial, and may send them to prison for years for nothing more than expressing their views and distributing leaflets", said Phil Robertson, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch.[26]

Following the 2013 trial, Brad Adams, Asia director of Human Rights Watch, condemned the arrest and calls for the "convictions to be squashed immediately". He states "The conviction of yet more peaceful activists is another example of a government that is increasingly afraid of the opinions of its own people. Instead of imprisoning critics, the Vietnamese government should be honoring them for their efforts to address the myriad problems facing the country that the government itself has also identified."[18]

Phil Robertson, the deputy director of the Asia division of Human Rights Watch, also followed up with "this was the largest group to be brought to trial together in recent times."[27]

Other human rights organizations have called this the "largest subversion to be brought in years" in Vietnam.[27]

References
  1. "Request for the immediate release of Dang Xuan Dieu, Ho Duc Hoa, Nguyen Van Duyet, Nong Hung Anh and Paulus Le Son, and the dismissal of all charges". Human Rights Watch. 30 September 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  2. "Vietnam: Update – Front Line Defenders informed of the locations of detained human rights defenders". Frontline Defenders. 10 October 2011. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  3. "Eight Catholics arrested after taking part in protests". Asia Pacific news. 9 August 2011. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  4. Timberlake, Ian (30 August 2011). "Eight Vietnamese activists 'held for subversion'". AFP. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  5. Maira Sutton (3 February 2012). "This Week in Censorship: Arrested Bloggers in Vietnam, Google's New Censorship Policy, and China Blocks Tibetan-Language Blogs". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  6. "Vietnam: Four Religious Advocates Facing Trial for Social Activism". New American Media. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  7. "Vietnam RWB Says Can Prove Innocence of Convicted Blogger Paulus Le Son". Eurasia Review. 11 January 2013. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  8. "Marcher et prier vers Chartres pour 17 catholiques prisonniers des communistes". chrétiens. 18 April 2012. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  9. "Calling on the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to respect basic human rights and cease abusing vague national security provisions such as articles 79 and 88 of the Vietnamese penal code which are often the pretext to arrest and detain citizens who peacefully advocate for religious and political freedom". US House of Representatives. 6 June 2011. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  10. "In Vietnam, crackdown on journalists in past six months". CommitteeToProtectJournalist. 3 October 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  11. "Appeal of human rights defenders Dau Van Duoang, Tran Huu Duc, and Chu Manh Son to take place on 26 September 2012". Frontline Defenders. 24 September 2012. Archived from the original on 2 December 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  12. "Vietnam: Call To Release Convicted Activists". Albany Tribune. 9 January 2013. Archived from the original on 13 January 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  13. "Vietnam jails dissident bloggers". BBC. 24 September 2012.
  14. "Việt Nam kết án tù 2 nhạc sĩ Việt Khang và Trần Vũ Anh Bình với tội danh tuyên tuyền chống Nhà nước" (in Vietnamese). RFI. 30 October 2012.
  15. "Việt Nam kết án tù các thanh niên công giáo". RFA. 24 May 2012.
  16. "Blogger Paulus Le Son Arrested Again Amid Mounting Tension". Reporters Without Borders. 4 August 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  17. "Vietnamese activists sentenced to long prison terms". Media Legal Defense Initiate. 23 May 2012. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  18. "Vietnam: Release Convicted Activists - Drop Charges Against Blogger Le Quoc Quan". Human Rights Watch. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  19. "Vietnam Puts 14 Activists on Trial for Dissent". Associated Press. 8 January 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  20. "Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs" (PDF). 12 March 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2008. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
  21. Alistair Coe (12 November 2009). "Alistair commends Vietnam pro-democracy movement". Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2009.
  22. "FOREIGN AFFAIRS". Congresswoman Susan Davis. 3 October 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  23. "Taking the House Floor on December 13, 2011, Congresswoman Susan Davis (CA-53rd) addressed Congress on behalf of Paulus Le Son and 14 other arrested youth activists". C-SPAN. 13 December 2012. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  24. "Congresswoman Susan Davis stands up for blogger Paulus Le Son and 14 arrested youth activists". Viet Tan. 14 December 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  25. "Request for the immediate release of Dang Xuan Dieu, Ho Duc Hoa, Nguyen Van Duyet, Nong Hung Anh and Paulus Le Van Son, and the dismissal of all charges" (PDF). Media Defence. 12 March 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  26. "Vietnam: Free Catholic Activists". Human Rights Watch. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  27. Seth Mydans (9 January 2013). "Activists Convicted in Vietnam Crackdown on Dissent". New York Times. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
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