2013 SK100

2013 SK100 is a trans-Neptunian object, both considered a scattered and detached object, located in the outermost region of the Solar System. The object with a moderately inclined and eccentric orbit measures approximately 135 kilometers (84 miles) in diameter. It was first observed on 29 September 2013, by astronomers at the Mauna Kea Observatories in Hawaii, United States.

2013 SK100
Discovery[1]
Discovered byMauna Kea Obs.
Discovery siteMauna Kea Obs.
(first observed only)
Discovery date29 September 2013
Designations
2013 SK100
Orbital characteristics[2]
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 4
Observation arc4.07 yr (1,487 d)
Aphelion78.109 AU
Perihelion45.477 AU
61.793 AU
Eccentricity0.2640
485.75 yr (177,421 d)
355.07°
0° 0m 7.2s / day
Inclination26.312°
17.104°
11.163°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 0.08 (assumed)[6]
  • 0.09 (assumed)[5]
24.1[7]
7.6[1][2]

    Orbit and classification

    2013 SK100 orbits the Sun at a distance of 45.5–78.1 AU once every 485 years and 9 months (177,421 days; semi-major axis of 61.79 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 26° with respect to the ecliptic.[2]

    Considered both a scattered and detached object,[3][4][5] 2013 SK100 is particularly unusual as it has an unusually circular orbit for a scattered-disc object (SDO). Although it is thought that traditional scattered-disc objects have been ejected into their current orbits by gravitational interactions with Neptune, the low eccentricity of its orbit and the distance of its perihelion (SDOs generally have highly eccentric orbits and perihelia less than 38 AU) seems hard to reconcile with such celestial mechanics. This has led to some uncertainty as to the current theoretical understanding of the outer Solar System. The theories include close stellar passages, unseen planet/rogue planets/planetary embryos in the early Kuiper belt, and resonance interaction with an outward-migrating Neptune. The Kozai mechanism is capable of transferring orbital eccentricity to a higher inclination.[8] It is in a 3:1 resonance to Neptune. It seems to belong to the same group as (145480) 2005 TB190.

    Physical characteristics

    Johnston's archive estimates a diameter of 134 kilometers based on an assumed albedo of 0.09, while American astronomer Michael Brown, calculates a diameter of 135 kilometers, using an estimated albedo of 0.08 and an absolute magnitude of 7.8.[5][6]

    References
    1. "2013 SK100". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2013 SK100)" (2017-08-30 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
    3. Jewitt, David, Morbidelli, Alessandro, & Rauer, Heike. (2007). Trans-Neptunian Objects and Comets: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 35. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 3-540-71957-1.
    4. Lykawka, Patryk Sofia; Mukai, Tadashi (July 2007). "Dynamical classification of trans-neptunian objects: Probing their origin, evolution, and interrelation". Icarus. 189 (1): 213–232. Bibcode:2007Icar..189..213L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.01.001.
    5. Johnston, Wm. Robert (7 October 2018). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
    6. Brown, Michael E. "How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
    7. "2013 SK100 – Ephemerides". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site, Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
    8. Allen, R. L.; Gladman, B.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Petit, J.-M.; Parker, J. W.; Nicholson, P. (March 2006). "Discovery of a Low-Eccentricity, High-Inclination Kuiper Belt Object at 58 AU". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (1): L83–L86. arXiv:astro-ph/0512430. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640L..83A. doi:10.1086/503098. S2CID 15588453. (Discovery paper)
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