2022 Shakey's Super League Collegiate Pre-Season Championship

The 2022 Shakey's Super League Collegiate Pre-Season Championship was the inaugural tournament of Shakey's Super League.

2022 Shakey's Super League Collegiate Pre-Season Championship
Tournament details
DatesSeptember 24 – November 19, 2022
Teams18
Venue(s)Rizal Memorial Coliseum
ChampionsNU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs (1st title)
Runners-upLa Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers
Third placeAdamson school colors Adamson Lady Falcons
Fourth placeUST school colors UST Golden Tigresses
Tournament awards
MVPNU school colors Alyssa Jae Solomon
Best SetterAdamson school colors Louie Romero
Best OHLa Salle school colors Angel Anne Canino
NU school colors Mhicaela Belen
Best MBLa Salle school colors Thea Allison Gagate
NU school colors Sheena Angela Toring
Best OPPNU school colors Alyssa Jae Solomon
Best LiberoUST school colors Ma. Bernadett Pepito
Tournament statistics
Matches played56

The tournament was held on September 24 to November 19, 2022, at Rizal Memorial Coliseum, Manila. It features 18 collegiate teams from the two most prominent collegiate athletics associations in the country — NCAA and UAAP.[1][2][3][4]

NU Lady Bulldogs defeated De La Salle Lady Spikers (3–0) in the championship match and crowned as the inaugural champions of the tournament.[5] De La Salle Lady Spikers settled for silver. Adamson Lady Falcons won the bronze after a hard-fought 5 sets against UST Golden Tigresses in the 3rd place match.[6]

Participating teams

2022 Shakey's Super League Collegiate Pre-Season Tournament
TeamSchoolCollegiate league
Adamson school colors Adamson Lady FalconsAdamson UniversityUAAP
Arellano school colors Arellano Lady ChiefsArellano UniversityNCAA
Ateneo school colors Ateneo Blue EaglesAteneo de Manila UniversityUAAP
CSB school colors Benilde Lady BlazersDe La Salle–College of Saint BenildeNCAA
La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady SpikersDe La Salle UniversityUAAP
EAC school colors EAC Lady GeneralsEmilio Aguinaldo CollegeNCAA
FEU school colors FEU Lady TamarawsFar Eastern UniversityUAAP
JRU school colors JRU Lady BombersJosé Rizal UniversityNCAA
Letran school colors Letran Lady KnightsColegio de San Juan de LetranNCAA
Lyceum school colors Lyceum Lady PiratesLyceum of the Philippines UniversityNCAA
Mapua school colors Mapúa Lady CardinalsMapúa UniversityNCAA
NU school colors NU Lady BulldogsNational UniversityUAAP
UPHD school colors Perpetual Lady AltasUniversity of Perpetual Help System DALTANCAA
San Beda school colors San Beda Lady Red SpikersSan Beda UniversityNCAA
SSC-R school colors San Sebastian Lady StagsSan Sebastian College – RecoletosNCAA
UE school colors UE Lady WarriorsUniversity of the EastUAAP
UP school colors UP Fighting MaroonsUniversity of the PhilippinesUAAP
UST school colors UST Golden TigressesUniversity of Santo TomasUAAP

Pool compositions

The teams are grouped via casting lots. Pools A and B will have 5 teams (3 NCAA, 2 UAAP), and Pools C and D will have 4 teams (2 NCAA, 2 UAAP). The overview of pools was released on September 10, 2022.[7]

First round
Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D
Mapua school colors Mapúa Lady Cardinals Adamson school colors Adamson Lady Falcons Arellano school colors Arellano Lady Chiefs CSB school colors Benilde Lady Blazers
UPHD school colors Perpetual Lady Altas EAC school colors EAC Lady Generals Ateneo school colors Ateneo Blue Eagles La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers
San Beda school colors San Beda Lady Red Spikers Lyceum school colors Lyceum Lady Pirates JRU school colors JRU Lady Bombers FEU school colors FEU Lady Tamaraws
UE school colors UE Lady Warriors SSC-R school colors San Sebastian Lady Stags NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs Letran school colors Letran Lady Knights
UP school colors UP Fighting Maroons UST school colors UST Golden Tigresses
Second round
Pool E Pool F
UP school colors UP Fighting Maroons (Pool A 1st) UST school colors UST Golden Tigresses (Pool B 1st)
NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs (Pool C 1st) La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers (Pool D 1st)
UPHD school colors Perpetual Lady Altas (Pool A 2nd) Adamson school colors Adamson Lady Falcons (Pool B 2nd)
Ateneo school colors Ateneo Blue Eagles (Pool C 2nd) FEU school colors FEU Lady Tamaraws (Pool D 2nd)

Venue

All matches
City of Manila
Rizal Memorial Coliseum
Capacity: 6,100

Format

This tournament will implement the "All to Play" system in its games, where teams will field all the players on the roster who will be given a chance to play in a match. It is a system where a team will be fielding different players (except Libero) to play in the first two sets. The substitution will take effect when the set score reaches 16. Starting from the 3rd set onwards, the standard play will return. This is the competition format that will be conducted for the entirety of the conference.[8]

First round
  1. Single-round robin format; 4 pools; Teams are ranked using the FIVB Ranking System.
  2. The top two teams per pool will advance to the second round.
Second round
  1. Single-round robin format; 2 pools; Teams are ranked using the FIVB Ranking System.
  2. The W-L record in the first round will be carried over in the second round.
  3. After another pool play, the eight teams will battle in the crossover quarterfinals.
Quarterfinals (knockout stage)
  1. QF1: E1 vs. F4
  2. QF3: F2 vs. E3
  3. QF2: F1 vs. E4
  4. QF4: E2 vs. F3
Semifinals (knockout stage)
  1. SF1: QF #1 vs. QF #3
  2. SF2: QF #2 vs. QF #4
Finals (knockout stage)
  1. Bronze medal: SF1 Loser vs SF2 Loser
  2. Gold medal: SF1 Winner vs SF2 Winner

Pool standing procedure

  1. Number of matches won
  2. Match points
  3. Sets ratio
  4. Points ratio
  5. If the tie continues as per the point ratio between two teams, the priority will be given to the team which won the last match between them. When the tie in points ratio is between three or more teams, a new classification of these teams in the terms of points 1, 2 and 3 will be made taking into consideration only the matches in which they were opposed to each other.

Match won 3–0 or 3–1: 3 match points for the winner, 0 match points for the loser

Match won 3–2: 2 match points for the winner, 1 match point for the loser.

First round

Pool A

Pos Team Pld W L Pts SW SL SR SPW SPL SPR Qualification
1 UP school colors UP Fighting Maroons 4 4 0 10 12 4 3.000 353 291 1.213 Second round
2 UPHD school colors Perpetual Lady Altas 4 3 1 10 11 4 2.750 352 319 1.103
3 UE school colors UE Lady Warriors 4 2 2 6 8 9 0.889 375 368 1.019 Classification round
4 Mapua school colors Mapúa Lady Cardinals 4 1 3 3 5 11 0.455 297 312 0.952
5 San Beda school colors San Beda Lady Red Spikers 4 0 4 1 4 12 0.333 330 393 0.840
Source:
Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
24 Sep12:00UE Lady Warriors UE school colors3–2Mapua school colors Mapúa Lady Cardinals31–3325–2025–2321–2515–12117–113 
24 Sep14:00San Beda Lady Red Spikers San Beda school colors1–3UPHD school colors Perpetual Lady Altas26–2421–2523–2525–27 95–101 
1 Oct12:30Perpetual Lady Altas UPHD school colors3–0UE school colors UE Lady Warriors25–2227–2525–16  77–63 
2 Oct10:00Perpetual Lady Altas UPHD school colors2–3UP school colors UP Fighting Maroons25–1023–2525–2215–2510–1598–97 
2 Oct15:00Mapúa Lady Cardinals Mapua school colors3–2San Beda school colors San Beda Lady Red Spikers23–2535–3325–2221–2516–14120–119 
8 Oct17:30UE Lady Warriors UE school colors3–1San Beda school colors San Beda Lady Red Spikers25–825–2022–2525–19 97–72 
9 Oct15:00UP Fighting Maroons UP school colors3–2UE school colors UE Lady Warriors21–2525–1725–2120–2515–10106–98 
15 Oct12:30Mapúa Lady Cardinals Mapua school colors0–3UPHD school colors Perpetual Lady Altas24–2622–2518–25  64–76 
16 Oct15:00San Beda Lady Red Spikers San Beda school colors0–3UP school colors UP Fighting Maroons19–257–2518–25  44–75 
22 Oct10:00UP Fighting Maroons UP school colors3–0Mapua school colors Mapúa Lady Cardinals25–1925–2125–11  75–51 

Pool B

Pos Team Pld W L Pts SW SL SR SPW SPL SPR Qualification
1 UST school colors UST Golden Tigresses 4 4 0 11 12 2 6.000 336 271 1.240 Second round
2 Adamson school colors Adamson Lady Falcons 4 3 1 10 11 3 3.667 336 253 1.328
3 Lyceum school colors Lyceum Lady Pirates 4 2 2 6 6 8 0.750 305 320 0.953 Classification round
4 SSC-R school colors San Sebastian Lady Stags 4 1 3 4 5 9 0.556 255 294 0.867
5 EAC school colors EAC Lady Generals 4 0 4 0 1 12 0.083 228 322 0.708
Source:
Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
24 Sep18:00Adamson Lady Falcons Adamson school colors2–3UST school colors UST Golden Tigresses20–2529–2725–1527–2910–15111–111 
1 Oct10:00San Sebastian Lady Stags SSC-R school colors0–3UST school colors UST Golden Tigresses18–2521–2516–25  55–75 
2 Oct12:30Adamson Lady Falcons Adamson school colors3–0SSC-R school colors San Sebastian Lady Stags25–1025–1425–18  75–42 
8 Oct10:00Lyceum Lady Pirates Lyceum school colors3–1EAC school colors EAC Lady Generals25–2325–1822–2525–21 97–87 
9 Oct17:30San Sebastian Lady Stags SSC-R school colors1–3Lyceum school colors Lyceum Lady Pirates19–2525–2221–2518–25 83–97 
15 Oct10:00San Sebastian Lady Stags SSC-R school colors3–0EAC school colors EAC Lady Generals25–1325–1325–21  75–47 
16 Oct10:00EAC Lady Generals EAC school colors0–3UST school colors UST Golden Tigresses13–2519–2515–25  47–75 
16 Oct12:30Adamson Lady Falcons Adamson school colors3–0Lyceum school colors Lyceum Lady Pirates25–1525–2225–16  75–53 
22 Oct15:00EAC Lady Generals EAC school colors0–3Adamson school colors Adamson Lady Falcons14–2514–2519–25  47–75 
22 Oct17:30UST Golden Tigresses UST school colors3–0Lyceum school colors Lyceum Lady Pirates25–1725–1925–22  75–58 

Pool C

Pos Team Pld W L Pts SW SL SR SPW SPL SPR Qualification
1 NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs 3 3 0 9 9 1 9.000 241 143 1.685 Second round
2 Ateneo school colors Ateneo Blue Eagles 3 2 1 6 7 3 2.333 226 196 1.153
3 Arellano school colors Arellano Lady Chiefs 3 1 2 3 3 6 0.500 174 214 0.813 Classification round
4 JRU school colors JRU Lady Bombers 3 0 3 0 0 9 0.000 137 225 0.609
Source:
Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
1 Oct15:00Ateneo Blue Eagles Ateneo school colors3–0Arellano school colors Arellano Lady Chiefs25–1430–2825–17  80–59 
2 Oct17:30JRU Lady Bombers JRU school colors0–3Arellano school colors Arellano Lady Chiefs21–2521–2517–25  59–75 
9 Oct10:00NU Lady Bulldogs NU school colors3–0JRU school colors JRU Lady Bombers25–1425–625–12  75–32 
15 Oct15:00Ateneo Blue Eagles Ateneo school colors3–0JRU school colors JRU Lady Bombers25–2025–1625–10  75–46 
15 Oct17:30Arellano Lady Chiefs Arellano school colors0–3NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs9–2517–2514–25  40–75 
16 Oct17:30NU Lady Bulldogs NU school colors3–1Ateneo school colors Ateneo Blue Eagles25–825–1916–2525–19 91–71 

Pool D

Pos Team Pld W L Pts SW SL SR SPW SPL SPR Qualification
1 La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers 3 3 0 8 9 3 3.000 277 221 1.253 Second round
2 FEU school colors FEU Lady Tamaraws 3 2 1 6 8 5 1.600 288 259 1.112
3 CSB school colors Benilde Lady Blazers 3 1 2 4 6 6 1.000 265 253 1.047 Classification round
4 Letran school colors Letran Lady Knights 3 0 3 0 0 9 0.000 140 229 0.611
Source:
Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
24 Sep16:00Benilde Lady Blazers CSB school colors2–3FEU school colors FEU Lady Tamaraws20–2526–2425–1920–2511–15102–108 
1 Oct17:30FEU Lady Tamaraws FEU school colors2–3La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers13–2525–1925–2122–258–1593–105 
8 Oct12:30FEU Lady Tamaraws FEU school colors3–0Letran school colors Letran Lady Knights25–1227–2525–15  77–52 
8 Oct15:00De La Salle Lady Spikers La Salle school colors3–1CSB school colors Benilde Lady Blazers22–2525–2225–2225–19 97–88 
9 Oct12:30De La Salle Lady Spikers La Salle school colors3–0Letran school colors Letran Lady Knights25–1325–925–18  75–40 
22 Oct12:30Letran Lady Knights Letran school colors0–3CSB school colors Benilde Lady Blazers12–2517–2519–25  48–75 

Second round

Pool E

Pos Team Pld W L Pts SW SL SR SPW SPL SPR Qualification
1 NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs 3 3 0 9 9 1 9.000 241 169 1.426 Quarterfinals
2 Ateneo school colors Ateneo Blue Eagles 3 2 1 6 7 4 1.750 237 245 0.967
3 UP school colors UP Fighting Maroons 3 1 2 2 4 8 0.500 239 262 0.912
4 UPHD school colors Perpetual Lady Altas 3 0 3 1 2 9 0.222 208 249 0.835
Source:
Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
30 Oct16:00Ateneo Blue Eagles Ateneo school colors3–0UPHD school colors Perpetual Lady Altas25–2126–2426–24  77–69 
30 Oct18:30NU Lady Bulldogs NU school colors3–0UP school colors UP Fighting Maroons25–2125–1625–20  75–57 
5 Nov10:00Perpetual Lady Altas UPHD school colors0–3NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs17–257–2517–25  41–75 
5 Nov18:00UP Fighting Maroons UP school colors1–3Ateneo school colors Ateneo Blue Eagles22–2516–2525–1422–25 85–89 

Pool F

Pos Team Pld W L Pts SW SL SR SPW SPL SPR Qualification
1 Adamson school colors Adamson Lady Falcons 3 2 1 7 8 4 2.000 285 251 1.135 Quarterfinals
2 UST school colors UST Golden Tigresses 3 2 1 5 7 6 1.167 296 295 1.003
3 La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers 3 2 1 5 6 6 1.000 267 255 1.047
4 FEU school colors FEU Lady Tamaraws 3 0 3 1 4 9 0.444 170 204 0.833
Source:
Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
30 Oct10:00FEU Lady Tamaraws FEU school colors1–3Adamson school colors Adamson Lady Falcons15–2526–2418–2518–25 77–99 
30 Oct12:30De La Salle Lady Spikers La Salle school colors3–1UST school colors UST Golden Tigresses22–2527–2525–1625–21 99–87 
5 Nov12:30UST Golden Tigresses UST school colors3–1FEU school colors FEU Lady Tamaraws25–2125–1823–2525–21 98–85 
5 Nov15:00Adamson Lady Falcons Adamson school colors3–0La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers25–2225–2025–21  75–63 

Classification round

  • All times are Philippines Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
  • The teams who are failed to qualify to the second round will face a final knockout match against teams who share a same placing from other pools (A and B, C and D).

17th place match

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
23 Oct10:00San Beda Lady Red Spikers San Beda school colors3–1EAC school colors EAC Lady Generals25–2019–2525–2125–20 94–86 

15th place match

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
23 Oct12:30San Sebastian Lady Stags SSC-R school colors3–0Mapua school colors Mapúa Lady Cardinals25–2125–1725–19  75–57 

13th place match

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
23 Oct15:00Letran Lady Knights Letran school colors3–0JRU school colors JRU Lady Bombers25–1925–1828–26  78–63 

11th place match

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
23 Oct17:30Arellano Lady Chiefs Arellano school colors0–3CSB school colors Benilde Lady Blazers21–2522–2520–25  63–75 

9th place match

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
23 Octa19:00UE Lady Warriors UE school colors0–0Lyceum school colors Lyceum Lady Pirates0–00–00–0  0–0 

Note:

a.^ The match between UE and Lyceum was cancelled due to health and safety protocols.

Final round

Quarterfinals

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
6 Nov10:00NU Lady Bulldogs NU school colors3–0FEU school colors FEU Lady Tamaraws25–1025–1725–17  75–44 
6 Nov12:30Adamson Lady Falcons Adamson school colors3–0UPHD school colors Perpetual Lady Altas25–1425–1625–16  75–46 
6 Nov16:00Ateneo Blue Eagles Ateneo school colors0–3La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers17–2523–2510–25  50–75 
6 Nov18:30UST Golden Tigresses UST school colors3–2UP school colors UP Fighting Maroons27–2526–2825–1822–2517–15117–111 

5th–8th semifinals

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
11 Nov10:00FEU Lady Tamaraws FEU school colors2–3UP school colors UP Fighting Maroons24–2626–2829–2725–228–15112–118 
11 Nov16:00Perpetual Lady Altas UPHD school colors1–3Ateneo school colors Ateneo Blue Eagles23–2525–1818–2522–25 88–93 

7th place match

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
19 Nov09:00FEU Lady Tamaraws FEU school colors3–1UPHD school colors Perpetual Lady Altas25–1825–1025–2725-17 100–55 

5th place match

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
19 Nov11:30UP Fighting Maroons UP school colors1–3Ateneo school colors Ateneo Blue Eagles17–2527–2520–2512–25 76–100 

Semifinals

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
11 Nov12:30NU Lady Bulldogs NU school colors3–1UST school colors UST Golden Tigresses25–2323–2525–2125–17 98–86 
11 Nov18:30Adamson Lady Falcons Adamson school colors2–3La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers16–2525–1823–2525–228–1597–105 

3rd place match

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
19 Nov14:00UST Golden Tigresses UST school colors2–3Adamson school colors Adamson Lady Falcons27–2520–2525–1622–2511–15105–106 

Championship

Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
19 Nov16:30NU Lady Bulldogs NU school colors3–0La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers25–2325–2025–20  75–63 

Final standing

Awards and medalists

Individual awards

Award Player Team Ref
Most Valuable Player Alyssa Jae Solomon NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs [9]
1st Best Outside Spiker Angel Anne Canino La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers
2nd Best Outside Spiker Mhicaela Belen NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs
1st Best Middle Blocker Thea Allison Gagate La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers
2nd Best Middle Blocker Sheena Angela Toring NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs
Best Opposite Spiker Alyssa Jae Solomon NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs
Best Setter Louie Romero Adamson school colors Adamson Lady Falcons
Best Libero Ma. Bernadett Pepito UST school colors UST Golden Tigresses

Medalists

Gold Silver Bronze
NU school colors NU Lady Bulldogs

7 Princess Anne Robles (c)
1 Pearl Ann Denura
2 Renee Mabilangan
3 Chinee Pia Arroyo
4 Mhicaela Belen
5 Kate Maderazo
6 Evangeline Alinsug
8 Sheena Angela Toring
9 Jennifer Nierva
10 Alexa Mata
11 Francine Anne Osis
12 Alyssa Jae Solomon
13 Camila Victoria Lamina
14 Erin May Pangilinan
15 Jazlyn Anne Ellarina
16 Shaira May Jardio
17 Minierva Maaya
18 Joyme Cagande
21 Myrtle Escanlar

Head coach: Ray Karl Dimaculangan

La Salle school colors De La Salle Lady Spikers

11 Marionne Alba (c)
1 Christine Ordialles
2 Mereophe Sharma
3 Thea Allison Gagate
4 Leila Jane Cruz
5 Yzilith Justine Jazareno
6 Alleiah Jan Malaluan
7 Jade Fuentes
8 Jolina Dela Cruz
9 Julia Cyrille Coronel
10 Princess Larroza
12 Angel Anne Canino
13 Julyana Tolentino
15 Amie Provido
16 Baby Jyne Soreño
17 Ynna Nicole Hatulan
18 Marite Espina
19 Guilliana Torres
20 Julianne Rose Levina

Head coach: Noel Orcullo

Adamson school colors Adamson Lady Falcons

7 Louie Romero (c)
2 Cae Lazo
4 Angelica Alcantara
6 May Ann Nuique
8 Antoinette Adolfo
9 Kate Santiago
10 Karen Verdeflor
11 Rizza Cruz
12 Trisha Gayle Tubu
13 Aprylle Tagsip
15 Ayesha Juegos
16 Maria Rochel Lalongisip
17 Lucille Almonte
18 Lorene Grace Toring

Head coach: Jerry Yee

See also

References

  1. Valderrama, Aeron Paul (August 16, 2022). "NU, La Salle lead cast for inaugural Shakey's Super League". Tiebreaker Times. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  2. "La Salle officially joins Shakey's Super League which opens September 24". Philippine Daily Inquirer. September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  3. Agcaoili, Lance (August 16, 2022). "UAAP, NCAA champions banner Shakey's Super League preseason tilt". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 17, 2022.
  4. Suing, Ivan (August 21, 2022). "Adamson, UP join SSL". Daily Tribune. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
  5. Garcia, John Mark (November 19, 2022). "NU Lady Bulldogs sweep shorthanded La Salle to rule Shakey's Super League". Spin.ph. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  6. Garcia, John Mark (November 19, 2022). "Adamson completes comeback vs UST to bag Shakey's Super League bronze". Spin.ph. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  7. "UAAP, NCAA heavyweights face off early in Shakey's Super League". Spin.PH. September 10, 2022.
  8. "UAAP, NCAA champions banner all-collegiate SSL volleyball tourney". Rappler. September 17, 2022.
  9. Agcaoili, Lance (November 19, 2022). "NU's Alyssa Solomon wins Super League MVP". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
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