Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign

Donald Trump for President 2024
Donald Trump for President 2024
Campaign	Republican primaries for 2024 U.S. presidential election
Candidate	Donald Trump ; 45th President of the United States (2017–2021)
Affiliation	Republican Party
Announced	November 15, 2022
Headquarters	Arlington, Virginia[1]
Key people	Steven Cheung (communications director)[2]; Susie Wiles (senior advisor)[3]; Brian Jack (senior advisor)[3]; Chris LaCivita (senior advisor)[3]; Eric Branstad (strategist)[3]; Jason Miller (senior advisor)[4];
Receipts	US$18,240,154[5]
Slogan
Website
	www.donaldjtrump.com

Donald Trump, the 45th President of the United States who served from 2017 to 2021, announced his campaign for a non-consecutive second presidential term in the 2024 U.S. presidential election on November 15, 2022.

After his loss in the 2020 United States presidential election, Trump and his allies in seven key states allegedly devised a plot to create and submit fraudulent certificates of ascertainment that falsely asserted Trump had won the electoral college vote in those states.[6] The intent was to pass the fraudulent certificates to Mike Pence to count them rather than the authentic certificates and overturn Joe Biden's victory. Trump reportedly had been considering a 2024 presidential run immediately after his loss in the election if the plot failed to "work out."[7][8] In the week of November 9, 2020, Trump indicated to Republican Party senator Kevin Cramer: "If this doesn't work out, I'll just run again in four years."[9] Later, a group of Trump's supporters attacked the United States Capitol building to prevent the election results from being certified.[10][11]

In December 2021, CNN reported that "Trump's wait-and-see approach to the 2024 election has frozen the next Republican presidential primary", with potential challengers keeping their heads down while awaiting Trump's official decision on the matter.[12] After months of speculation, Trump announced his candidacy for president in a November 15, 2022, speech to supporters at his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida.[13][14] His announcement received wide media coverage and a mixed response from both Democrats and Republicans. Some Democrats warily welcomed the campaign, viewing Trump as beatable,[15][16] while others opposed it, citing negative effects it could have on U.S. democracy.[17][18][19] Some Republicans, consisting mostly of Trump loyalists, welcomed the campaign, while others (including many Republican elected officials)[20] opposed it, viewing Trump as a weak and beatable candidate who had cost the Republicans the past several election cycles.[21][22][23]

Trump was a historically unpopular president who left office amid scandal after just 4 years and has since been indicted four times. In August 2023, Trump was indicted separately both by the federal government and the state of Georgia on numerous criminal conspiracy and fraud charges he is alleged to have committed along with co-conspirators during efforts to illegally change and overturn the results of the lost 2020 presidential election.[24] The indictments allege that Trump engaged in a criminal conspiracy to illegally alter the results of the 2020 election via fraudulent electors in the Trump fake electors plot as well as pressuring government officials to illegally change vote tallies during incidents such as the Trump-Raffensperger phone call. Prior to these indictments on charges relating to Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, on March 30, 2023, Trump was also indicted for 34 felony counts of fraud stemming from his alleged role in falsifying business records related to hush money payments made to pornographic film actress Stormy Daniels during his 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign.[25][26] Trump called his indictment political persecution and election interference.[27] Later, on June 8, Trump was indicted by a federal grand jury for allegedly improperly retaining classified documents at his Mar-a-Lago residence and destroying evidence related to the government probe. [28] In addition to the four criminal indictments brought against Trump in Georgia, Washington, Florida, and New York, on May 9, Trump was found liable in a civil lawsuit for sexual abuse and defamation against journalist E. Jean Carroll.[29] Trump said that he will appeal the decision, describing it to be "unconstitutional silencing" and "political persecution."[30]

Background

Trump, the incumbent president, unsuccessfully sought election to a second term in the 2020 United States presidential election, losing to Democratic nominee Joe Biden, who obtained an electoral vote of 306 to Trump's 232. Trump also lost the popular vote by 7 million votes.[31] He refused to concede the loss and claimed that the election was stolen. With one week remaining in his presidency, Trump was impeached by the House of Representatives for incitement of insurrection for his actions during the January 6, 2021, Capitol Hill attack, but was acquitted in the Senate with a bipartisan 57–43 vote in favor of conviction, which fell short of the two-thirds supermajority (67 out of 100 senators) required.[32]

In the days before the end of his term in January 2021, Trump began discussing the possibility of forming a third party, to be called the "Patriot Party", to contest the election against both Democratic and Republican candidates.[33] Spokespersons for Trump later denied that he had such plans.[34]

In July 2022, as the public hearings of the House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack were progressing, Trump was reportedly considering making an early announcement of his 2024 candidacy.[35][36] On July 14, 2022, Intelligencer published an interview with Trump, based upon which they reported that Trump had already made up his mind, and was just deciding when to declare.[37] Following the August 2022 FBI search of Mar-a-Lago, many of Trump's allies urged that he announce his candidacy sooner, including some who had previously advised that he defer an announcement until after the mid-term elections.[38] During a rally in Iowa in the run-up to the 2022 United States midterm elections, Trump stated, "in order to make our country successful and safe and glorious, I will very, very, very probably do it again", indicating that he might announce his candidacy soon thereafter, prompting speculation that he would announce as soon as the week of November 14, 2022.[39][40]

Announcement

On November 15, 2022, Trump announced his candidacy at Mar-a-Lago in an hour-long speech.[41][42][43][44] The announcement came one week after the 2022 mid-term elections in which Trump-endorsed candidates underperformed non-Trump-endorsed candidates.[45] His announcement speech had at least "20 false and misleading claims",[43] uttering the first inaccurate claim "about two minutes in and a few minutes later, tick(ing) off at least four hyperbolic claims about his own accomplishments".[44] The New York Times Fact Check stated that "Mr. Trump repeated many familiar exaggerations about his own achievements, reiterated misleading attacks on political opponents and made dire assessments that were at odds with reality."[44]

Official portrait, 2017

The New York Post mocked Trump's announcement by relegating it to page 26 and noting it on the cover with a banner reading "Florida Man Makes Announcement".[46] The article referred to Mar-a-Lago as "Trump's classified-documents library" in reference to the ongoing investigation regarding Trump's alleged improper handling of classified materials which he had brought to Mar-a-Lago following his presidency for as yet unclear reasons.[46]

Attendees

The announcement was attended by comedian Alex Stein;[47] consultant Roger Stone; businessman Mike Lindell; outgoing Representative Madison Cawthorn (R-NC); former deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget Russell Vought; political advisor Jason Miller; attorney Kash Patel; political analyst Sebastian Gorka; and political aide Hogan Gidley.[48][49] The Insider noted "many members of congress were not in attendance", including Matt Gaetz.[48] Family members who attended included Trump's wife and former first lady Melania, Trump's sons Barron and Eric, Eric's wife Lara, and Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner. His daughters Ivanka and Tiffany did not attend the announcement party; Ivanka said she would not be engaging in politics going forward and would not be a part of her father's presidential bid.[50] Trump's son Donald Trump Jr. also did not attend.[48] Stan Fitzgerald president of Veterans for America First attended[51]

Platform

In campaign speeches, Trump stated that he would centralize government power under his authority, replace career federal employees with political appointees, and use the military for domestic law enforcement and the deportation of immigrants.[52] He used violent rhetoric, calling for shoplifters to be shot and making fun of the hammer attack that critically injured the husband of former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. [53]

Campaign events

On January 28, 2023, Trump held his first campaign events in South Carolina and New Hampshire.[54][55]

On March 4, 2023, Trump delivered a lengthy keynote speech at the CPAC convention, also attended by Nikki Haley, but not by other prospective Republican candidates. In his speech, Trump promised to serve as the retribution for those who were wronged, and stated that he was the only candidate who could prevent World War III.[56]

On March 25, 2023, Trump staged a rally in Waco, Texas during the 30th anniversary of the Waco siege.[57][58][59][60]

In late April, Trump suggested he was not interested in debating other Republican contenders, at least not until later in the year.[61]

On May 10, 2023, Trump appeared one-on-one with news host Kaitlan Collins on CNN Republican Town Hall with Donald Trump at St. Anselm College in New Hampshire, with an audience of Republican and undecided voters.[62][63] During the event Trump took credit for the overturning of Roe v. Wade, supported defaulting on the national debt in the debt ceiling showdown, and again claimed that the 2020 election was stolen.[64] Trump also suggested pardoning those convicted as a result of the January 6 United States Capitol attack.[65]

Eligibility

The questions of Trump's eligibility to run for president in 2024 are delineated by the U.S. Constitution. Two amendments addressing this issue are the 14th and 22nd Amendments.

Eligibility under the 22nd Amendment

Trump has only been elected president once, in 2016, so is not limited from running again by the 22nd Amendment, which permits two full terms. Even before losing the 2020 election, he publicly proclaimed his willingness to seek a third term in 2024, despite this being explicitly prohibited. Trump claimed that Barack Obama had spied on him and his campaign, and that this meant he was "'entitled' [to a third term] because he was spied on."[66][67][68]

Trump is seeking to become the second president to ever serve non-consecutive terms, after Grover Cleveland who was re-elected in 1892. The last one-term president to campaign for a second non-consecutive term was Herbert Hoover, who after serving from 1929 to 1933 made unsuccessful runs in 1936 and 1940 after his loss in 1932.[69]

Eligibility under the 14th Amendment

In the aftermath of the American Civil War, the 14th Amendment was passed. Section 3 of the amendment prohibits anyone from holding public office if they had previously sworn an oath to support the Constitution, but then "engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the [United States], or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof." The full text of this section reads:

Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Trump's role in the January 6 United States Capitol attack is cited by opponents as a reason for his disqualification from seeking public office. On January 10, 2021, Nancy Pelosi, the Speaker of the House, formally requested Representatives' input as to whether Section 3 pertained to the outgoing President.[70][71] On January 13, 2021, the House of Representatives impeached Trump for 'incitement of insurrection' by a vote of 232-to-197. On February 13, 2021, the Senate voted on the charge, with 57 senators casting votes of 'Guilty' to 43 as 'Not Guilty'; removal by impeachment requires a two-thirds supermajority of the United States Senate to convict in an impeachment trial.

Some legal experts believe a court would be required to make a final determination if Trump was disqualified under Section 3.[72] In September 2022, a New Mexico District Court Judge removed local official Couy Griffin from office due to his participation in the January 6 attack,[73][74] which some commentators felt established a precedent to bar Trump from office.[75]

A state may also make a determination that Trump is disqualified under Section 3 from appearing on that state's ballot.[70] Trump could appeal in court any disqualification by Congress or by a state.[76] In addition to state or federal legislative action, a court action could be brought against Trump seeking his disqualification under Section 3.[77] The 14th Amendment itself provides a path for Congress to allow such a candidate to run, but this would require a vote of two-thirds of each House to remove such disability.

Efforts to keep Trump off state ballots

The non-profit group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) and other advocacy groups and individuals are planning state-by-state efforts to keep Trump off state ballots.[78][79]

Post-announcement developments

Three days after Trump announced his candidacy, U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed Jack Smith to serve as special counsel for the investigations regarding Trump's role in the January 6 attack and into mishandling of government records.[80][81] Special counsels can be appointed when there can be a conflict of interest or the appearance of it, and Garland said the announced political candidacies of both Trump and President Biden prompted him to take what he described as an "extraordinary step".[80] Special counsel investigations operate largely independent of Justice Department control under decades-old federal regulations, and Garland said the "appointment underscores the department's commitment to both independence and accountability in particularly sensitive matters".[81]

On November 19, 2022, Elon Musk, four weeks after taking ownership of Twitter, resinstated both Trump's personal account and Trump's campaign account, nearly two years after Trump was permanently banned from the platform by previous Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey, due to Twitter's Glorification of Violence and Civic Integerity policies, following the January 6 United States Capitol attack.[82]

In late November 2022, Kanye West announced his own candidacy for the 2024 presidential election. Shortly thereafter, West visited Trump at Mar-a-Lago, bringing with him Nick Fuentes, a white nationalist and Holocaust denier.[83][84] West claimed that after he asked Trump to be his vice-presidential candidate, "Trump started basically screaming at me at the table telling me I was going to lose".[85] Trump responded with a statement that West "unexpectedly showed up with three of his friends, whom I knew nothing about",[86] and in a further statement acknowledged advising West to drop out of the race.[87] Several other possible 2024 contenders spoke in the aftermath of this event, with Arkansas governor Asa Hutchinson calling the meeting "very troubling",[88] and Trump's former vice president Mike Pence calling on Trump to apologize for giving Fuentes "a seat at the table".[89] Mitch McConnell said that Trump was unlikely to win the 2024 presidential election as a result of the dinner.[90]

On December 3, 2022, following the publication of "The Twitter Files" by Elon Musk, Trump complained of election fraud and posted to Truth Social, calling for "the termination of all rules, regulations, and articles, even those found in the Constitution."[91][92][93]

Vice-presidential choice

Mike Pence served as Trump's vice president from 2017 to 2021, with Pence having been Trump's chosen running mate in both the 2016 and 2020 elections. In March 2021, Bloomberg News reported that if Trump runs again in 2024, Pence "likely won't be on the ticket" and that Trump had "discussed alternatives to Pence", while Trump's advisors "have discussed identifying a Black or female running mate for his next run".[94] In April 2021, Trump indicated that he was considering Florida governor Ron DeSantis for the position, noting his friendship with him;[95] he later criticized and ridiculed DeSantis[96] who launched his own presidential campaign on May 24, 2023.[97] In June 2022, a former aide testified that Trump had opined to his staff during the Capitol Hill attack that Pence "deserved" the chants of "hang Mike Pence" made by the mob.[98][99] Names raised as possible candidates for the position include South Dakota governor Kristi Noem and South Carolina senator Tim Scott.[94]

Endorsements

A number of Republican officials at both federal and state levels were quick to endorse Trump's candidacy, while others were noted for being silent on the question, with a few stating opposition, including former Attorney General Bill Barr, Senator Bill Cassidy, and Senator Mitt Romney.[100][101][102][103][104][105][106]

Support

Politico noted in December 2020 that many Republican figures were expressing support for a Trump 2024 run, quoting Missouri Senator Josh Hawley as saying "If he were to run in 2024, I think he would be the nominee. And I would support him doing that."[107] National public opinion polling showed Trump quickly dominating the field of potential 2024 Republican candidates. Utah Senator Mitt Romney, though opposed to Trump, stated in February 2021 that if Trump ran in 2024, he would win the Republican nomination in a landslide.[108] The same month, Republican Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell said that he would "absolutely" support Trump if the latter was nominated again.[109]

Russian state TV host Olga Skabeyeva said Russia, which interfered in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections to aid Trump, "will have to think whether to reinstall him again as the American president."[110] In April 2022, American intelligence officials assessed that Russia intended to exact revenge on the Biden administration for its sanctions against Russia and aid for Ukraine by intervening in the election on Trump's behalf. A Russian state TV host, Evgeny Popov, said in March 2020, "to again help our partner Trump to become president".[111]

Opposition

The donor network of Charles Koch announced it would fund a primary challenge to Trump.[112]

Nikki Haley announced her 2024 presidential campaign on February 14, 2023, becoming the first challenger to Trump in the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries.[113] One of her first statements as a candidate was to call for candidates over the age of 75—which would include both Trump and Biden—to be required to take a competency test.[114]

Primary election polling

Local regression graph of all polls conducted since January 2023.

Aggregate polls

Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Doug Burgum	Chris Christie	Ron DeSantis	Larry Elder	Nikki Haley	Will Hurd	Asa Hutchinson	Perry Johnson	Mike Pence	Vivek Ramaswamy	Tim Scott	Donald Trump	Other/ Undecided[lower-alpha 1]	Margin
270 to Win	September 19 – October 1, 2023	October 3, 2023	0.6%	2.6%	14.0%	0.0%	8.0%	0.0%	0.4%	–	3.8%	5.8%	2.4%	56.2%	6.2%	42.2%
Race to the WH	July 21 – September 29, 2023	October 2, 2023	0.5%	2.5%	13.2%	0.4%	5.7%	0.4%	0.3%	0.3%	4.2%	6.9%	2.6%	55.5%	7.5%	42.3%
Real Clear Politics	September 15 – October 1, 2023	October 3, 2023	0.9%	3.1%	13.7%	–	6.9%	–	0.4%	–	4.0%	5.2%	2.7%	56.5%	6.6%	42.8%
FiveThirtyEight	July 19 – October 1, 2023	October 3, 2023	0.8%	2.8%	13.7%	–	7.8%	0.1%	0.5%	–	3.4%	6.4%	2.2%	55.4%	6.9%	41.7%
Average			0.7%	2.8%	13.7%	0.2%	7.1%	0.2%	0.4%	0.3%	3.9%	6.1%	2.5%	55.9%	6.2%	42.2%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[lower-alpha 2]	Doug Burgum	Chris Christie	Ron DeSantis	Larry Elder	Nikki Haley	Will Hurd	Asa Hutchinson	Perry Johnson	Mike Pence	Vivek Ramaswamy	Tim Scott	Donald Trump	Other/ Undecided
Survey USA	September 30 – October 3, 2023	1,055 (LV)	1%	3%	9%	–	5%	–	–	–	4%	8%	2%	65%	3%[lower-alpha 3]
YouGov/The Economist	September 30 – October 3, 2023	570 (RV)	1%	1%	13%	0%	7%	0%	0%	–	3%	4%	2%	58%	11%[lower-alpha 4]
Premise	September 28 – October 2, 2023	500 (A)	–	1%	14%	–	5%	–	–	–	6%	5%	3%	60%	6%[lower-alpha 5]
Morning Consult	September 29 – October 1, 2023	3,587 (LV)	1%	3%	13%	–	7%	0%	0%	–	5%	7%	1%	61%	1%[lower-alpha 6]
Insider Advantage	September 29–30, 2023	850 (LV)	1%	5%	15%	0%	14%	0%	1%	0%	1%	3%	2%	50%	8%[lower-alpha 7]
WPA Intelligence/FairVote	September 28–30, 2023	801 (LV)	0.4%	8.5%	12.7%	0.3%	7.7%	1.0%	1.1%	–	4.4%	12.6%	2.8%	47.6%	0.9%[lower-alpha 8]
HarrisX/The Messenger	September 28–29, 2023	770 (RV)	1%	1%	11%	1%	7%	0%	0%	0%	5%	8%	1%	56%	6%[lower-alpha 9]
TIPP/I&I	September 27–29, 2023	584 (RV)	1%	2%	13%	1%	4%	0%	0%	–	4%	6%	1%	56%	11%[lower-alpha 10]
Léger/New York Post	September 27–28, 2023	495 (LV)	1%	0%	10%	–	6%	–	–	–	3%	7%	3%	62%	9%[lower-alpha 11]
Echelon Insights	September 25–28, 2023	402 (LV)	0%	1%	11%	0%	5%	0%	0%	–	5%	10%	1%	62%	4%[lower-alpha 12]
	September 27, 2023	Second debate held with Doug Burgum, Chris Christie, Ron DeSantis, Nikki Haley, Mike Pence, Vivek Ramaswamy, and Tim Scott.
YouGov/The Economist	September 23–26, 2023	559 (A)	0%	2%	12%	0%	7%	0%	0%	–	5%	5%	3%	51%	15%[lower-alpha 13]
McLaughlin & Associates	September 22–26, 2023	454 (LV)	1%	2%	12%	0%	6%	1%	1%	1%	5%	10%	2%	54%	6%[lower-alpha 14]
Marquette University Law School	September 18–25, 2023	418 (A)	0%	0%	11%	0%	6%	0%	0%	–	4%	4%	1%	56%	16%[lower-alpha 15]
Morning Consult	September 22–24, 2023	3,552 (LV)	1%	2%	15%	–	7%	0%	1%	–	6%	9%	2%	58%	1%[lower-alpha 16]
Monmouth University	September 19–24, 2023	514 (RV)	0%	1%	15%	–	6%	–	0%	–	1%	4%	3%	48%	23%[lower-alpha 17]
Trafalgar Group	September 18–21, 2023	1,091 (LV)	3.2%	3.2%	14.3%	1.3%	4.2%	0.1%	0.4%	1.1%	3.8%	5.9%	3.0%	56.1%	3.3%[lower-alpha 18]
ABC News/Washington Post	September 15–20, 2023	474 (A)	0%	3%	15%	–	7%	–	0%	–	6%	3%	4%	54%	10%[lower-alpha 19]
NBC News	September 15–19, 2023	321 (RV)	0%	4%	16%	–	7%	–	1%	–	4%	2%	3%	59%	4%[lower-alpha 20]
HarrisX/The Messenger	September 13–19, 2023	1,089 (RV)	1%	2%	14%	1%	5%	1%	1%	0%	3%	5%	2%	56%	10%[lower-alpha 21]
Emerson College	September 17–18, 2023	518 (LV)	1.1%	4.8%	11.5%	–	3.0%	1.3%	0.5%	0.1%	4.6%	6.8%	2.2%	58.9%	5.2%[lower-alpha 22]
YouGov	September 14–18, 2023	470 (RV)	1%	1%	13%	0%	5%	–	0%	–	3%	5%	1%	59%	11%[lower-alpha 23]
YouGov/The Liberal Patriot	September 7–18, 2023	1,653 (LV)	1%	6%	14%	1%	8%	–	1%	–	5%	5%	4%	48%	7%[lower-alpha 24]
Morning Consult	September 15–17, 2023	3,404 (LV)	0%	2%	13%	–	6%	0%	1%	–	5%	10%	2%	59%	1%[lower-alpha 25]
Harvard/Harris[upper-alpha 1]	September 13–14, 2023	758 (RV)	0%	2%	10%	1%	6%	0%	0%	1%	4%	8%	2%	57%	10%[lower-alpha 26]
Ipsos/Reuters	September 8–14, 2023	1,749 (A)	0%	2%	14%	–	4%	0%	0%	–	4%	13%	2%	51%	10%[lower-alpha 27]
YouGov/The Economist	September 10–12, 2023	572 (A)	0%	2%	14%	0%	5%	0%	0%	–	5%	6%	3%	52%	12%[lower-alpha 28]
Fox News	September 9–12, 2023	409 (LV)	–	2%	13%	–	5%	–	–	–	3%	11%	3%	60%	2%
Quinnipiac University	September 7–11, 2023	728 (RV)	–	2%	12%	–	5%	–	–	–	5%	6%	3%	62%	4%[lower-alpha 29]
HarrisX/The Messenger	September 6–11, 2023	954 (RV)	0%	2%	11%	1%	4%	1%	0%	1%	4%	7%	2%	59%	8%[lower-alpha 30]
Morning Consult	September 8–10, 2023	3,715 (LV)	0%	3%	14%	–	6%	0%	0%	–	6%	9%	2%	57%	1%[lower-alpha 31]
Premise	August 30 – September 5, 2023	415 (RV)	–	1%	12%	–	5%	–	–	–	7%	5%	2%	62%	7%[lower-alpha 32]
Rasmussen	August 29 – September 5, 2023	1,418 (LV)	0%	9%	9%	1%	7%	0%	0%	0%	4%	5%	4%	45%	0%[lower-alpha 33]
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	September 3–4, 2023	605 (LV)	0%	3%	9%	–	2%	–	1%	0%	3%	10%	1%	65%	6%[lower-alpha 34]
Morning Consult	September 2–4, 2023	3,745 (LV)	0%	3%	15%	–	5%	0%	1%	–	6%	8%	2%	60%	1%[lower-alpha 35]
I&I/TIPP	August 30 – September 1, 2023	509 (RV)	0.4%	1%	11%	0.87%	2.8%	0%	0.4%	–	6%	9%	1.3%	60%	15%[lower-alpha 36]
Echelon Insights	August 28–31, 2023	397 (LV)	0%	3%	15%	1%	4%	0%	1%	–	6%	12%	1%	52%	6%[lower-alpha 37]
SSRS/CNN	August 25–31, 2023	784 (RV)	1%	2%	18%	1%	7%	0%	0%	0%	7%	6%	3%	52%	2%[lower-alpha 38]
Wall Street Journal	August 24–30, 2023	600 (LV)	1%	3%	13%	0%	8%	0%	1%	0%	2%	5%	2%	59%	4%[lower-alpha 39]
Morning Consult	August 29, 2023	3,617 (LV)	0%	3%	14%	–	5%	0%	1%	–	6%	10%	2%	58%	1%[lower-alpha 40]
YouGov/The Economist	August 26–29, 2023	562 (A)	0%	2%	14%	0%	4%	0%	0%	–	3%	5%	2%	51%	18%[lower-alpha 41]
	August 29, 2023	Francis Suarez withdraws from the race.
FairVote/WPA Intelligence	August 24–28, 2023	800 (LV)	0.7%	4.8%	18.5%	0.0%	8.5%	0.7%	0.5%	–	5.7%	6.9%	3.6%	49.3%	0.7%[lower-alpha 42]
HarrisX/The Messenger	August 24–28, 2023	685 (RV)	0%	2%	14%	0%	3%	0%	0%	0%	6%	8%	2%	59%	6%[lower-alpha 43]
Big Village	August 25–27, 2023	722 (A)	0.6%	1.7%	14.0%	0.4%	5.1%	–	0.9%	1.2%	6.4%	8.8%	1.9%	56.8%	2%[lower-alpha 44]
Emerson College	August 25–26, 2023	460 (LV)	0.6%	5.2%	11.6%	–	6.5%	0.3%	0.6%	0.4%	6.9%	8.8%	1.6%	49.6%	7.9%[lower-alpha 45]
Ipsos/Reuters	August 24–25, 2023	347 (A)	0%	1%	13%	–	4%	1%	0%	–	6%	5%	1%	52%	16%[lower-alpha 46]
Kaplan Strategies	August 24, 2023	844 (LV)	2%	4%	10%	–	8%	–	1%	–	5%	13%	4%	45%	8%[lower-alpha 47]
Morning Consult	August 24, 2023	1,256 (LV)	0%	4%	14%	–	3%	0%	0%	–	6%	11%	3%	58%	1%[lower-alpha 48]
Patriot Polling	August 24, 2023	750 (RV)	4.3%	6.2%	21.0%	–	12.6%	–	1.0%	–	5.4%	5.1%	3.5%	40.6%	3.8%[lower-alpha 49]
InsiderAdvantage	August 24, 2023	850 (LV)	1.1%	4.2%	17.8%	1.3%	10.8%	0.9%	0.9%	0%	2.2%	6.5%	3.3%	44.9%	6.1%[lower-alpha 50]
Léger/New York Post	August 23–24, 2023	658 (RV)	–	1%	9%	–	2%	0%	–	–	5%	5%	3%	61%	11%[lower-alpha 51]
	August 23, 2023	First debate held with Doug Burgum, Chris Christie, Ron DeSantis, Nikki Haley, Asa Hutchinson, Mike Pence, Vivek Ramaswamy, and Tim Scott.
McLaughlin & Associates	August 15–23, 2023	450 (LV)	1%	4%	9%	1%	3%	0%	1%	0%	4%	13%	4%	51%	11%[lower-alpha 52]
Rasmussen	August 19–21, 2023	818 (LV)	0%	7%	10%	1%	3%	0%	1%	0%	3%	11%	4%	49%	0%[lower-alpha 53]
Yahoo News/YouGov	August 17–21, 2023	482 (RV)	1%	2%	12%	0%	3%	–	0%	–	2%	8%	4%	52%	16%[lower-alpha 54]
Premise	August 17–21, 2023	463 (A)	–	1%	15%	–	2%	–	–	–	4%	5%	3%	63%	8%[lower-alpha 55]
HarrisX	August 17–21, 2023	1,057 (LV)	0%	3%	12%	0%	3%	0%	1%	0%	4%	10%	4%	52%	12%[lower-alpha 56]
Insider Advantage	August 19–20, 2023	750 (LV)	1.2%	4.2%	9.7%	1.6%	4.8%	1.1%	1.5%	0.6%	3.3%	6.3%	3.3%	50.6%	11.8%[lower-alpha 57]
Morning Consult	August 18–20, 2023	3,608 (LV)	0%	3%	14%	–	3%	0%	1%	–	6%	10%	3%	58%	1%[lower-alpha 58]
YouGov/CBS News	August 16–18, 2023	531 (LV)	1%	2%	16%	0%	2%	0%	1%	–	5%	7%	3%	62%	0%[lower-alpha 59]
Emerson College	August 16–17, 2023	465 (LV)	1.1%	2.8%	10.1%	0.8%	1.9%	0.7%	0.8%	0.3%	3.4%	9.5%	2.4%	55.5%	10.8%[lower-alpha 60]
Echelon Insights[upper-alpha 2]	August 15–17, 2023	1,017 (LV)	–	1%	12%	–	3%	–	–	–	4%	15%	3%	55%	–
3D Strategic Research	August 15–17, 2023	858 (LV)	0%	5%	16%	0%	4%	0%	0%	0%	6%	9%	3%	50%	6%[lower-alpha 61]
Victory Insights	August 15–17, 2023	825 (LV)	–	5.9%	12.1%	–	1.9%	–	–	1.1%	3.5%	3.7%	1.2%	60.8%	9.9%[lower-alpha 62]
JMC Analytics	August 14–17, 2023	1,100 (LV)	0.9%	4.5%	13.0%	–	3.4%	0.4%	1.2%	0.1%	3.5%	5.0%	4.1%	52.0%	12.3%[lower-alpha 63]
Kaplan Strategies	August 15–16, 2023	1,093 (LV)	1%	3%	10%	–	5%	–	3%	–	6%	11%	3%	47%	11%[lower-alpha 64]
American Pulse	August 15–16, 2023	821 (LV)	–	4.0%	13.0%	–	3.0%	–	–	–	4.0%	7.1%	3.5%	58.0%	–
Trafalgar Group	August 14–16, 2023	1,082 (LV)	0.1%	4.6%	17.0%	1.2%	4.2%	0.3%	0.9%	1.1%	4.6%	4.3%	4.0%	55.4%	2.3%[lower-alpha 65]
The Economist/YouGov	August 12–15, 2023	527 (RV)	0%	2%	15%	0%	2%	0%	0%	–	3%	4%	3%	53%	16%[lower-alpha 66]
Fox News/Beacon Research	August 12–14, 2023	413 (RV)	1%	3%	16%	0%	4%	0%	0%	0%	5%	11%	3%	53%	0%[lower-alpha 67]
RMG Research	August 11–14, 2023	229 (LV)	–	5%	8%	–	4%	–	–	–	4%	13%	2%	60%	–
Quinnipiac University	August 10–14, 2023	681 (RV)	0%	3%	18%	0%	3%	1%	1%	0%	4%	5%	3%	57%	5%[lower-alpha 68]
Morning Consult	August 11–13, 2023	3,064 (LV)	1%	3%	16%	–	3%	0%	1%	–	7%	9%	3%	57%	2%[lower-alpha 69]
Kaplan Strategies	August 9–10, 2023	800 (LV)	1%	4%	10%	–	4%	–	0%	–	8%	11%	2%	48%	13%[lower-alpha 70]
Premise	August 2–7, 2023	484 (A)	–	2%	16%	–	3%	–	–	–	6%	6%	3%	57%	6%[lower-alpha 71]
Fairleigh Dickinson University	July 31 – August 7, 2023	806 (LV)	1%	5%	15%	0%	3%	0%	0%	–	5%	3%	2%	58%	6%[lower-alpha 72]
Morning Consult	August 4–6, 2023	3,486 (LV)	0%	3%	16%	–	3%	0%	1%	–	6%	8%	3%	59%	1%[lower-alpha 73]
I&I/TIPP	August 2–4, 2023	529 (RV)	0%	0%	12%	0%	4%	–	0%	–	5%	8%	2%	57%	10%[lower-alpha 74]
Reuters/Ipsos	August 2–3, 2023	355 (A)	0%	0%	13%	–	5%	0%	1%	–	8%	7%	2%	47%	17%[lower-alpha 75]
Cygnal	August 1–3, 2023	(LV)	0.2%	2.1%	10.4%	0.2%	2.8%	–	0.3%	0.0%	6.6%	11.4%	3.2%	53.3%	9.6%[lower-alpha 76]
Morning Consult	July 28–30, 2023	3,716 (LV)	1%	3%	15%	–	3%	1%	0%	–	7%	9%	3%	58%	1%[lower-alpha 77]
Echelon Insights	July 24–27, 2023	399 (LV)	1%	1%	16%	0%	2%	0%	1%	–	3%	11%	3%	56%	5%[lower-alpha 78]
The New York Times/Siena College	July 23–27, 2023	932 (LV)	0%	2%	17%	0%	3%	0%	0%	0%	3%	2%	3%	54%	14%[lower-alpha 79]
Big Village	July 24–26, 2023	718 (A)	0.5%	0.9%	13.5%	0.4%	3.2%	–	0.7%	0.7%	7.5%	7.2%	2.6%	61.0%	1.8%[lower-alpha 80]
Premise	July 21–26, 2023	442 (A)	–	1%	16%	–	2%	–	–	–	7%	4%	3%	59%	9%[lower-alpha 81]
Economist/YouGov	July 22–25, 2023	537	0%	1%	18%	0%	3%	0%	0%	–	3%	5%	3%	55%	13%[lower-alpha 82]
McLaughlin & Associates	July 19–24, 2023	452 (LV)	0%	2%	13%	0%	3%	1%	0%	1%	5%	8%	3%	52%	12%[lower-alpha 83]
Morning Consult	July 21–23, 2023	3,576	1%	2%	16%	–	4%	0%	0%	–	6%	8%	2%	59%	1%[lower-alpha 84]
JMC Analytics	July 18–22, 2023	1,100 (LV)	1.0%	4.4%	17.0%	–	3.1%	–	1.0%	0.0%	3.2%	2.9%	4.5%	53.0%	10%[lower-alpha 85]
Harvard-Harris	July 19–20, 2023	729 (RV)	1%	2%	12%	0%	4%	0%	1%	0%	7%	10%	2%	52%	10%[lower-alpha 86]
Rasmussen Reports	July 18–20, 2023	1,031 (LV)	–	5%	13%	–	3%	–	3%	–	5%	3%	4%	57%	5%
Monmouth University	July 12–19, 2023	681 (RV)	1%	3%	22%	0%	3%	0%	0%	1%	3%	5%	3%	54%	6%[lower-alpha 87]
Kaplan Strategies	July 17–18, 2023	800 (LV)	0%	5%	12%	–	3%	–	1%	–	4%	12%	5%	48%	10%
Yahoo News	July 13–17, 2023	468	1%	1%	23%	0%	3%	–	0%	–	3%	3%	4%	48%	13%[lower-alpha 88]
Quinnipiac University	July 13–17, 2023	727 (RV)	0%	3%	25%	0%	4%	0%	0%	–	4%	2%	3%	54%	3%[lower-alpha 89]
Reuters/Ipsos	July 11–17, 2023	4,414	0%	3%	19%	–	3%	0%	0%	–	7%	9%	2%	47%	11%[lower-alpha 90]
Morning Consult	July 14–16, 2023	3,630	0%	2%	20%	–	4%	0%	0%	–	7%	8%	3%	55%	1%[lower-alpha 91]
Premise	July 7–14, 2023	355 (RV)	–	2%	19%	–	3%	–	–	–	5%	4%	2%	58%	9%[lower-alpha 92]
YouGov/The Economist	July 8–11, 2023	502 (RV)	0%	2%	22%	0%	3%	0%	0%	–	5%	2%	3%	48%	13%[lower-alpha 93]
Morning Consult	July 7–9, 2023	3,616	0%	3%	17%	–	3%	0%	1%	–	7%	8%	3%	56%	1%[lower-alpha 94]
I&I/TIPP	July 5–7, 2023	486 (RV)	1%	2%	14%	1%	3%	–	1%	–	6%	7%	3%	53%	9%[lower-alpha 95]
Echelon Insights	June 26–29, 2023	413 (LV)	1%	2%	16%	0%	5%	0%	0%	–	5%	10%	4%	49%	7%[lower-alpha 96]
Fox News	June 23–26, 2023	391	0%	1%	22%	1%	3%	0%	1%	–	4%	5%	4%	56%	4%[lower-alpha 97]
Morning Consult	June 23–25, 2023	3,650	0%	2%	19%	–	3%	0%	1%	–	7%	6%	3%	57%	1%[lower-alpha 98]
	June 22, 2023	Will Hurd declares his candidacy.
Emerson College	June 19–20, 2023	365 (RV)	1%	2%	21%	–	4%	–	1%	–	6%	2%	2%	59%	2%[lower-alpha 99]
NBC News	June 16–20, 2023	500 (RV)	0%	5%	22%	–	4%	–	2%	–	7%	3%	3%	51%	0%[lower-alpha 100]
YouGov	June 16–20, 2023	366 (RV)	0%	4%	25%	1%	2%	–	0%	–	5%	2%	4%	47%	10%[lower-alpha 101]
Morning Consult	June 17–19, 2023	3,521 (PV)	0%	3%	20%	–	3%	–	1%	–	7%	3%	3%	57%	1%[lower-alpha 102]
McLaughlin & Associates	June 15–19, 2023	454	1%	2%	19%	0%	4%	–	0%	0%	5%	2%	5%	52%	9%[lower-alpha 103]
CNN/SSRS	June 13–17 2023	1,350 (A)	0%	3%	26%	0%	5%	–	1%	–	9%	1%	4%	47%	2%[lower-alpha 104]
Harvard-Harris	June 14–15, 2023	2,090 (RV)	0%	2%	14%	–	4%	–	0%	–	8%	3%	2%	59%	7%[lower-alpha 105]
The Messenger/HarrisX	June 14–15, 2023	283 (RV)	0%	2%	17%	–	3%	–	1%	–	6%	2%	4%	53%	11%[lower-alpha 106]
	June 14, 2023	Francis Suarez declares his candidacy.
Big Village	June 9–14, 2023	724 (RV)	1.0%	1.4%	15.3%	1.1%	4.5%	–	0.8%	0.5%	9.9%	3.2%	3.6%	56.4%	2.5%[lower-alpha 107]
Economist/YouGov	June 10–13, 2023	411 (RV)	–	2%	21%	–	4%	–	–	–	4%	1%	3%	51%	14%[lower-alpha 108]
Quinnipiac University	June 8–12, 2023	700 (RV)	0%	4%	23%	0%	4%	–	1%	–	4%	3%	4%	53%	–
Morning Consult	June 9–11, 2023	3,419	0%	2%	19%	–	3%	–	1%	–	8%	3%	4%	59%	1%[lower-alpha 109]
CBS News	June 7–10, 2023	2,480 (A)	1%	1%	23%	1%	3%	–	1%	–	4%	1%	4%	61%	–
	June 7, 2023	Doug Burgum declares his candidacy.
	June 6, 2023	Chris Christie declares his candidacy.
	June 5, 2023	Mike Pence declares his candidacy.
USA Today/Suffolk	June 5–9, 2023	–	0%	2%	23%	1%	4%	–	1%	–	4%	–	6%	48%	–
Reuters/Ipsos	June 5–9, 2023	1,005 (A)	1%	2%	22%	0%	3%	–	0%	–	7%	3%	2%	43%	17%[lower-alpha 110]
Morning Consult	June 2–4, 2023	3,545 (LV)	–	1%	22%	–	3%	–	1%	–	7%	3%	3%	56%	5%[lower-alpha 111]
I&I/TIPP	May 31 – June 2, 2023	1,230 (RV)	–	1%	19%	0%	3%	–	1%	–	6%	2%	3%	55%	10%[lower-alpha 112]
Premise	May 29 – June 1, 2023	563 (RV)	–	1%	20%	–	3%	–	–	–	4%	1%	2%	57%	11%[lower-alpha 113]
YouGov	May 25–30, 2023	432 (RV)	–	–	25%	1%	3%	–	1%	–	–	3%	3%	53%	11%
Big Village	May 26–28, 2023	389	–	–	24%	–	5%	–	1%	–	–	3%	5%	58%	5%[lower-alpha 114]
Morning Consult	May 26–28, 2023	3,485 (LV)	–	–	22%	–	4%	–	1%	–	5%	4%	3%	56%	5%[lower-alpha 115]
	May 24, 2023	Ron DeSantis declares his candidacy.
McLaughlin & Associates	May 17–24, 2023	446 (LV)	0%	1%	16%	0%	3%	0%	1%	–	7%	4%	2%	54%	13%[lower-alpha 116]
FOX News	May 19–22, 2023	412 (RV)	–	0%	20%	0%	4%	–	0%	–	5%	4%	2%	53%	12%[lower-alpha 117]
Quinnipiac	May 18–22, 2023	1,616 (RV)	–	2%	25%	1%	3%	–	0%	0%	2%	1%	2%	56%	8%[lower-alpha 118]
Morning Consult	May 19–21, 2023	3,526 (LV)	–	–	20%	–	4%	–	0%	–	6%	4%	2%	58%	6%[lower-alpha 119]
CNN	May 17–20, 2023	467 (RV)	1%	2%	26%	0%	6%	–	1%	–	6%	1%	1%	53%	2%[lower-alpha 120]
	May 19, 2023	Tim Scott declares his candidacy.
Harvard-Harris	May 17–18, 2023	2,004 (RV)	–	–	16%	–	4%	–	1%	–	4%	4%	1%	58%	12%[lower-alpha 121]
Cygnal	May 16–18, 2023	2,527 (LV)	–	–	20.9%	–	4.7%	–	1.0%	–	4.3%	4.8%	1.5%	51.5%	11.3%[lower-alpha 122]
Marquette University	May 8–18, 2023	1,000 (A)	–	0%	25%	1%	5%	–	0%	–	2%	3%	1%	46%	17%[lower-alpha 123]
Rasmussen Reports	May 11–15, 2023	996 (LV)	–	–	17%	–	5%	–	3%	–	6%	2%	–	62%	5%[lower-alpha 124]
Reuters/Ipsos	May 9–15, 2023	4,410 (A)	–	–	21%	–	4%	–	1%	–	5%	4%	1%	49%	15%[lower-alpha 125]
Morning Consult	May 12–14, 2023	3,571 (LV)	–	–	18%	–	4%	–	1%	–	6%	4%	1%	61%	5%[lower-alpha 126]
Morning Consult	May 5–7, 2023	3,574 (RV)	–	–	19%	–	3%	–	1%	–	5%	5%	1%	60%	4%[lower-alpha 127]
I&I/TIPP	May 3–5, 2023	469 (RV)	–	–	17%	1%	4%	–	1%	–	6%	4%	2%	55%	10%[lower-alpha 128]
ABC News/Washington Post	April 28 – May 3, 2023	438 (LV)	–	–	25%	–	6%	–	1%	–	6%	–	4%	53%	5%[lower-alpha 129]
Premise	April 27 – May 1, 2023	752 (RV)	–	1%	21%	–	4%	–	–	–	5%	2%	1%	58%	8%[lower-alpha 130]
Morning Consult	April 28–30, 2023	3,389 (LV)	–	–	22%	–	4%	–	–	–	7%	3%	2%	56%	5%[lower-alpha 131]
CBS News	April 27–29, 2023	2,372 (A)	–	2%	22%	2%	4%	–	1%	–	5%	5%	1%	58%	–
Emerson College	April 24–25, 2023	446 (LV)	–	2%	16%	–	3%	–	2%	–	7%	3%	–	62%	4%[lower-alpha 132]
	April 23, 2023	Ryan Binkley declares his candidacy.
FOX News	April 21–24, 2023	408 (RV)	–	–	21%	1%	4%	–	–	–	6%	3%	2%	53%	2%[lower-alpha 133]
Reuters/Ipsos	April 21–24, 2023	361 (RV)	–	–	23%	1%	3%	–	–	–	6%	2%	–	49%	17%[lower-alpha 134]
Morning Consult	April 21–23, 2023	3,640 (LV)	–	–	21%	–	3%	–	1%	–	7%	3%	1%	58%	6%[lower-alpha 135]
	April 20, 2023	Larry Elder declares his candidacy.
Cygnal	April 18–20, 2023	2,500 (LV)	–	–	25.5%	–	4.6%	–	1.3%	–	4.5%	2%	1.5%	46.1%	14.5%[lower-alpha 136]
Harvard-Harris	April 18–19, 2023	1,845 (RV)	–	–	20%	–	4%	–	0%	–	7%	2%	1%	55%	4%[lower-alpha 137]
NBC News	April 14–18, 2023	1,000 (RV)	–	–	31%	–	3%	–	3%	–	6%	2%	3%	46%	2%[lower-alpha 138]
Wall Street Journal	April 11–17, 2023	600 (LV)	–	–	24%	–	5%	–	–	–	1%	2%	3%	48%	17%[lower-alpha 139]
Morning Consult	April 14–16, 2023	3,499 (LV)	–	–	24%	–	4%	–	–	–	7%	3%	2%	53%	5%[lower-alpha 140]
	April 12, 2023	Tim Scott forms his exploratory committee
Morning Consult	April 7–9, 2023	3,608 (LV)	–	–	23%	–	4%	–	1%	–	7%	1%	1%	56%	7%[lower-alpha 141]
Reuters/Ipsos	April 5–6, 2023	1,004 (A)	–	0%	21%	–	1%	–	1%	–	4%	1%	–	58%	5%[lower-alpha 142]
Reuters	March 22 – April 3, 2023	2,005 (LV)	–	2%	19%	–	6%	–	–	–	5%	–	–	48%	5%[lower-alpha 143]
	April 2, 2023	Asa Hutchinson declares his candidacy.
Morning Consult	March 31 – April 2, 2023	3,488 (RV)	–	–	26%	–	4%	–	–	–	7%	–	1%	55%	7% [lower-alpha 144]
Trafalgar	March 31 – April 2, 2023	1,123 (RV)	–	–	22.5%	0.4%	3.7%	–	–	–	3.8%	0.5%	1%	56.2%	12%[lower-alpha 145]
InsiderAdvantage	March 31 – April 1, 2023	550 (LV)	–	2%	24%	–	5%	–	–	–	4%	1%	0%	57%	3%[lower-alpha 146]
YouGov	March 30–31, 2023	1,089 (A)	–	2%	21%	–	5%	–	–	–	3%	1%	–	52%	2%[lower-alpha 147]
Echelon Insights	March 27–29, 2023	370 (RV)	–	0%	26%	–	4%	0%	–	–	8%	1%	1%	49%	2%[lower-alpha 148]
Morning Consult	March 24–28, 2023	3,452 (RV)	–	–	26%	–	5%	–	–	–	7%	1%	2%	52%	7%[lower-alpha 149]
Cygnal	March 26–27, 2023	2,550 (RV)	–	–	28.7%	–	4.1%	–	–	0.4%	5.7%	1.1%	1%	42.2%	16.7%[lower-alpha 150]
FOX News	March 24–27, 2023	426 (RV)	–	1%	24%	–	3%	–	1%	–	6%	1%	0%	54%	9%[lower-alpha 151]
Beacon Research/Fox News	March 24–27, 2023	–	–	1%	24%	–	3%	–	1%	–	6%	1%	–	54%	8%[lower-alpha 152]
Quinnipiac University	March 23–27, 2023	671 (RV)	–	1%	33%	–	4%	–	–	0%	5%	–	1%	47%	7%[lower-alpha 153]
Harris Poll	March 22–23, 2023	–	–	–	24%	–	5%	–	–	–	7%	0%	2%	50%	6%[lower-alpha 154]
Monmouth University	March 16–20, 2023	521 (RV)	–	–	27%	–	3%	–	–	–	1%	–	1%	41%	6%[lower-alpha 155]
Morning Consult	March 17–19, 2023	3,394 (RV)	–	–	26%	–	4%	–	–	–	7%	1%	1%	54%	7%[lower-alpha 156]
Big Village	March 15–17, 2023	361 (A)	–	–	23.3%	–	3.6%	–	–	–	10.2%	0.5%	–	51.9%	10.4%[lower-alpha 157]
Quinnipiac	March 9–13, 2023	677 (RV)	–	1%	32%	–	5%	–	0%	0%	3%	0%	1%	46%	12%[lower-alpha 158]
CNN	March 8–12, 2023	963 (LV)	–	–	36%	–	6%	–	1%	–	6%	–	2%	40%	8%[lower-alpha 159]
Premise	March 4–7, 2023	639 (RV)	–	–	23%	–	6%	–	–	–	5%	–	1%	55%	11%[lower-alpha 160]
Morning Consult	March 3–5, 2023	3,071 (RV)	–	–	28%	–	4%	–	–	–	7%	0%	1%	53%	5%[lower-alpha 161]
	March 2, 2023	Perry Johnson declares his candidacy.
Yahoo News	February 23–27, 2023	444 (RV)	–	0%	29%	–	4%	–	–	–	2%	–	–	45%	19%[lower-alpha 162]
Susquehanna	February 19–26, 2023	300 (RV)	–	–	37%	–	4%	–	–	–	2%	–	1%	32%	20%[lower-alpha 163]
Emerson College	February 24–25, 2023	536 (RV)	–	–	25%	–	5%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	55%	7%[lower-alpha 164]
Morning Consult	February 23–25, 2023	3,320 (RV)	–	–	30%	–	6%	–	–	–	7%	1%	1%	48%	7%[lower-alpha 165]
Echelon Insights	February 21–23, 2023	419 (LV)	–	–	31%	–	6%	–	–	–	9%	–	–	41%	–
	February 21, 2023	Vivek Ramaswamy declares his candidacy.
McLaughlin & Associates	February 17–23, 2023	441 (LV)	–	–	26%	–	6%	–	–	–	5%	1%	1%	42%	21%[lower-alpha 166]
Fox News	February 19–22, 2023	413	–	0%	28%	–	7%	–	0%	–	7%	–	1%	43%	14%[lower-alpha 167]
Rasmussen Reports	February 16–20, 2023	–	–	–	24%	–	15%	–	–	–	–	–	–	52%	–
Morning Consult	February 17–19, 2023	3,217 (RV)	–	–	30%	–	6%	–	–	–	6%	–	–	50%	1%[lower-alpha 168]
Big Village	February 15–17, 2023	346 (A)	–	–	23.6%	–	6.8%	–	–	–	8.7%	0%	–	50.2%	10.8%[lower-alpha 169]
Harris Poll	February 15–16, 2023	–	–	–	23%	–	6%	–	–	–	7%	–	1%	46%	7%[lower-alpha 170]
Morning Consult	February 14–16, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	29%	–	5%	–	–	–	7%	–	–	50%	1%[lower-alpha 171]
WPA Intelligence	February 13–16, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	–	40%	–	8%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	31%	–
	February 14, 2023	Nikki Haley declares her candidacy.
Quinnipiac University	February 9–14, 2023	592 (RV)	–	–	37%	–	4%	–	–	–	4%	–	–	50%	5%[lower-alpha 172]
Quinnipiac University	February 9–14, 2023	592 (RV)	–	0%	31%	–	4%	–	0%	–	3%	–	1%	48%	10%[lower-alpha 173]
Morning Consult	February 11–13, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	31%	–	4%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	47%	1%[lower-alpha 174]
Ipsos	February 6–13, 2023	1,465 (RV)	–	1.1%	30.6%	–	3.9%	–	–	–	7.5%	–	–	42.6%	6.6%[lower-alpha 175]
Morning Consult	February 8–10, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	29%	–	4%	–	–	–	6%	–	–	48%	2%[lower-alpha 176]
Morning Consult	February 5–7, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	31%	–	4%	–	–	–	6%	–	–	48%	2%[lower-alpha 177]
OnMessage	January 30 – February 5, 2023	566 (RV)	–	–	34%	–	6%	–	–	–	6%	–	1%	34%	20%[lower-alpha 178]
YouGov	February 2–4, 2023	453 (RV)	–	–	35%	–	2%	–	–	–	5%	–	–	37%	–
Morning Consult	February 2–4, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	32%	–	3%	–	–	–	7%	–	–	48%	2%[lower-alpha 179]
Monmouth University	January 26 – February 2, 2023	566 (RV)	–	–	33%	–	1%	–	–	–	2%	–	–	33%	7%[lower-alpha 180]
Morning Consult	January 30 – February 1, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	30%	–	2%	–	–	–	7%	–	–	51%	2%[lower-alpha 181]
Morning Consult	January 27–29, 2023	3,592 (RV)	–	–	31%	–	3%	–	–	–	7%	–	–	48%	2%[lower-alpha 182]
Morning Consult	January 24–26, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	30%	–	3%	–	–	–	7%	–	–	50%	2%[lower-alpha 183]
Echelon Insights	January 23–25, 2023	467 (LV)	–	0%	34%	–	2%	0%	–	–	8%	–	–	36%	8%[lower-alpha 184]
McLaughlin & Associates	January 19–24, 2023	457 (LV)	–	–	31%	–	3%	–	–	–	5%	–	1%	43%	18%[lower-alpha 185]
Morning Consult	January 21–23, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	31%	–	3%	–	–	–	7%	–	–	49%	2%[lower-alpha 186]
WPA Intelligence	January 17–23, 2023	3,015 (LV)	–	–	33%	–	5%	–	–	–	7%	–	–	37%	–
Emerson College	January 19–21, 2023	428 (RV)	–	–	24.8%	–	2.5%	–	–	–	7.5%	–	–	55.1%	10.2%[lower-alpha 187]
North Star Opinion Research	January 16–21, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	–	39%	–	4%	–	–	–	9%	–	1%	28%	21%[lower-alpha 188]
Big Village	January 18–20, 2023	355 (A)	–	–	27.5%	–	2.9%	–	–	–	6.8%	–	–	52.5%	10.3%[lower-alpha 189]
Harris Poll	January 18–19, 2023	–	–	–	28%	–	3%	–	–	–	7%	–	–	48%	0%[lower-alpha 190]
Schoen Cooperman Research	January 14–18, 2023	–	–	–	31%	–	3%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	42%	2%[lower-alpha 191]
Morning Consult	January 15–17, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	32%	–	3%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	47%	2%[lower-alpha 192]
Morning Consult	January 15–17, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	30%	–	3%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	48%	2%[lower-alpha 193]
YouGov	January 14–17, 2023	472 (RV)	–	–	32%	–	4%	–	–	–	5%	–	–	44%	–
YouGov	January 14–17, 2023	500 (A)	–	–	29%	–	5%	–	–	–	6%	–	–	44%	3%[lower-alpha 194]
YouGov	January 12–16, 2023	450 (LV)	–	1%	36%	–	1%	–	–	–	5%	–	–	37%	–
Morning Consult	January 12–14, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	30%	–	2%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	50%	1%[lower-alpha 195]
Public Policy Polling	January 10–11, 2023	446 (LV)	–	–	36%	–	6%	–	–	–	6%	–	–	42%	–
Morning Consult	January 9–11, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	32%	–	3%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	47%	1%[lower-alpha 196]
YouGov	January 5–9, 2023	346 (RV)	–	–	34%	–	3%	–	1%	–	7%	–	2%	37%	14%[lower-alpha 197]
Morning Consult	January 6–8, 2023	4,470 (RV)	–	–	33%	–	2%	–	–	–	9%	–	–	46%	1%[lower-alpha 198]
Big Village	January 4–6, 2023	343 (A)	–	–	35%	–	2%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	48%	–
Morning Consult	January 3–5, 2023	2,476 (RV)	–	–	32%	–	2%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	48%	1%[lower-alpha 199]
Morning Consult	December 31, 2022 – January 2, 2023	4,829 (RV)	–	–	34%	–	3%	–	–	–	8%	–	–	45%	2%[lower-alpha 200]

Polls taken between June and December 2022
Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Greg Abbott	Liz Cheney	Ted Cruz	Ron DeSantis	Nikki Haley	Larry Hogan	Mike Pence	Mike Pompeo	Marco Rubio	Tim Scott	Chris Sununu	Donald Trump	Glenn Youngkin	Other
Morning Consult	December 28–30, 2022	2,476 (RV)	1%	3%	3%	33%	2%	–	8%	1%	–	1%	–	47%	0%	2%[lower-alpha 201]
Morning Consult	December 25–27, 2022	2,476 (RV)	1%	3%	3%	33%	2%	–	8%	1%	–	1%	–	47%	0%	2%[lower-alpha 202]
Morning Consult	December 22–24, 2022	2,476 (RV)	1%	3%	2%	31%	3%	–	8%	1%	–	1%	–	48%	1%	2%[lower-alpha 203]
Morning Consult	December 19–21, 2022	2,476 (RV)	1%	3%	2%	34%	2%	–	8%	1%	–	1%	–	46%	1%	2%[lower-alpha 204]
YouGov	December 15–19, 2022	449 (RV)	–	3%	–	37%	5%	1%	4%	1%	–	–	–	39%	1%	2%[lower-alpha 205]
Morning Consult	December 16–18, 2022	4,105 (RV)	1%	2%	3%	33%	2%	–	8%	1%	–	1%	–	48%	0%	2%[lower-alpha 206]
Big Village	December 16–18, 2022	357 (A)	–	3%	4%	27%	4%	–	10%	–	–	–	1%	51%	1%	–
Harris Poll	December 14–15, 2022	666 (RV)	–	–	2%	25%	4%	–	6%	2%	1%	1%	–	48%	0%	–
Morning Consult	December 13–15, 2022	2,476 (RV)	1%	2%	3%	32%	2%	–	7%	1%	–	1%	–	48%	0%	2%[lower-alpha 207]
Echelon Insights	December 12–14, 2022	418 (RV)	0%	0%	2%	35%	3%	0%	4%	1%	1%	0%	0%	40%	0%	7%[lower-alpha 208]
Echelon Insights	December 12–14, 2022	454 (LV)	0%	1%	2%	32%	4%	0%	4%	0%	1%	1%	0%	41%	0%	6%[lower-alpha 209]
Cygnal	December 12–14, 2022	1,019 (LV)	1%	3%	2%	35%	4%	1%	7%	0%	1%	1%	0%	40%	0%	7%[lower-alpha 210]
Morning Consult	December 10–14, 2022	825 (RV)	1%	2%	3%	34%	2%	–	6%	1%	–	2%	–	40%	0%	2%[lower-alpha 211]
McLaughlin & Associates	December 9–14, 2022	480 (LV)	1%	4%	–	23%	3%	1%	5%	1%	1%	1%	–	48%	1%	5%[lower-alpha 212]
Morning Consult	December 10–12, 2022	2,476 (RV)	1%	2%	3%	31%	3%	–	8%	1%	–	1%	–	50%	0%	2%[lower-alpha 213]
Monmouth University	December 8–12, 2022	563 (RV)	–	–	1%	39%	1%	–	2%	–	–	–	–	26%	–	–
Morning Consult	December 7–9, 2022	2,476 (RV)	1%	2%	2%	30%	3%	–	9%	1%	–	1%	–	48%	0%	2%[lower-alpha 214]
Morning Consult	December 4–6, 2022	2,476 (RV)	1%	3%	3%	30%	2%	–	8%	0%	–	1%	–	50%	0%	2%[lower-alpha 215]
YouGov	December 1–5, 2022	435 (RV)	–	3%	–	33%	6%	1%	4%	2%	–	–	–	35%	2%	2%[lower-alpha 216]
YouGov	December 1–5, 2022	521 (A)	–	2%	–	30%	5%	1%	5%	2%	–	–	–	35%	2%	2%[lower-alpha 217]
Morning Consult	December 1–3, 2022	2,476 (RV)	1%	3%	2%	30%	3%	–	8%	1%	–	1%	–	49%	0%	2%[lower-alpha 218]
Big Village	November 30 – December 2, 2022	368 (A)	–	2%	2%	27%	3%	–	7%	–	–	–	1%	56%	0%	–
YouGov	November 26–29, 2022	385 (A)	–	–	3%	30%	3%	–	8%	–	3%	–	–	36%	–	9%[lower-alpha 219]
Cornell University Collaborative Midterm Survey	October 26 – November 25, 2022	3,110 (A)	–	10%	–	28%	4%	–	11%	4%	–	–	–	40%	–	4%[lower-alpha 220]
Ipsos	November 18–20, 2022	849 (RV)	1%	2%	2%	37%	3%	2%	6%	0%	0%	0%	0%	25%	1%	2%[lower-alpha 221]
Morning Consult	November 18–20, 2022	849 (RV)	–	2%	3%	30%	2%	0%	7%	1%	1%	0%	–	45%	–	5%[lower-alpha 222]
Emerson College	November 18–19, 2022	614 (RV)	–	4%	3%	25%	3%	1%	8%	–	–	–	–	42%	–	2%[lower-alpha 223]
Echelon Insights	November 17–19, 2022	424 (RV)	0%	1%	3%	31%	1%	1%	11%	1%	1%	0%	0%	42%	0%	6%[lower-alpha 224]
Echelon Insights	November 17–19, 2022	424 (LV)	0%	1%	3%	37%	1%	1%	9%	1%	1%	0%	0%	38%	0%	5%[lower-alpha 225]
Harris Poll	November 16–17, 2022	–	–	–	3%	28%	2%	–	7%	1%	1%	1%	–	46%	1%	–
	November 15, 2022	Donald Trump declares his candidacy.
Morning Consult	November 10–14, 2022	842 (RV)	–	1%	2%	33%	1%	1%	5%	0%	1%	0%	–	47%	1%	6%[lower-alpha 226]
	November 11, 2022	Corey Stapleton declares his candidacy.
Zogby Analytics	November 9–11, 2022	864 (LV)	–	–	–	28%	3%	–	8%	–	–	1%	–	47%	1%	4%[lower-alpha 227]
Big Village	November 9–10, 2022	384 (A)	–	3%	–	34%	–	–	10%	–	–	–	–	50%	–	–
	November 8, 2022	2022 midterm elections
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	1,691 (RV)	–	–	2%	26%	2%	0%	7%	–	1%	1%	–	48%	–	5%[lower-alpha 228]
Big Village	November 2–4, 2022	290 (LV)	–	3%	–	30%	–	–	12%	–	–	–	–	48%	–	–
Big Village	November 2–4, 2022	373 (A)	–	3%	–	27%	–	–	12%	–	–	–	–	56%	–	–
Big Village	October 31 – November 2, 2022	272 (LV)	–	2%	–	28%	–	–	13%	–	–	–	–	53%	–	–
Big Village	October 31 – November 2, 2022	354 (A)	–	3%	–	26%	–	–	12%	–	–	–	–	56%	–	–
Morning Consult	October 28–31, 2022	838 (RV)	–	2%	2%	24%	3%	0%	9%	1%	1%	0%	–	49%	–	5%[lower-alpha 229]
YouGov	October 11–26, 2022	1,720 (RV)	3%	2%	–	33%	14%	–	–	–	–	–	1%	55%	1%	–
YouGov	October 17–19, 2022	–	–	–	3%	29%	4%	–	6%	0%	–	0%	–	53%	–	–
McLaughlin & Associates	October 12–17, 2022	454 (LV)	1%	1%	–	23%	–	0%	7%	–	1%	0%	–	53%	–	4%[lower-alpha 230]
Harris Poll	October 12–13, 2022	724 (RV)	–	–	3%	17%	2%	–	7%	2%	3%	1%	0%	55%	–	–
Cygnal	October 10–12, 2022	1,204 (LV)	1%	3%	2%	26%	3%	1%	9%	1%	1%	0%	0%	45%	0%	4%[lower-alpha 231]
Siena College/The New York Times Upshot	October 9–12, 2022	332 (LV)	–	–	3%	28%	4%	–	7%	2%	–	–	–	47%	–	–
Siena College/The New York Times Upshot	October 9–12, 2022	332 (RV)	–	–	4%	26%	3%	–	6%	2%	–	–	–	49%	–	6%[lower-alpha 232]
Big Village	October 5–7, 2022	287 (RV)	–	3%	–	28%	–	–	11%	–	–	–	–	55%	–	–
Big Village	October 5–7, 2022	372 (A)	–	3%	–	23%	–	–	10%	–	–	–	–	58%	–	–
Big Village	September 17–22, 2022	323 (RV)	–	2%	–	24%	–	–	12%	–	–	–	–	59%	–	–
Big Village	September 17–22, 2022	378 (A)	–	2%	–	24%	–	–	12%	–	–	–	–	61%	–	–
McLaughlin & Associates	September 17–22, 2022	465 (LV)	2%	2%	0%	18%	0%	1%	6%	0%	2%	1%	–	55%	–	6%[lower-alpha 233]
Morning Consult	September 16–18, 2022	831 (RV)	–	3%	2%	19%	2%	0%	8%	1%	1%	1%	–	52%	–	5%[lower-alpha 234]
TIPP Insights	September 7–9, 2022	534 (RV)	1%	1%	2%	15%	2%	–	8%	1%	2%	1%	–	54%	–	5%[lower-alpha 235]
Big Village	September 7–9, 2022	337 (A)	–	2%	–	20%	–	–	13%	–	–	–	–	61%	–	–
Harris Poll	September 7–8, 2022	667 (RV)	–	–	1%	17%	2%	–	9%	1%	1%	1%	–	59%	–	–
Big Village	August 20–24, 2022	329 (A)	–	2%	–	22%	–	–	11%	–	–	–	–	59%	–	–
McLaughlin & Associates	August 20–24, 2022	461 (LV)	2%	3%	0%	15%	0%	2%	6%	0%	1%	1%	–	55%	–	8%[lower-alpha 236]
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	422 (RV)	–	4%	–	22%	–	2%	12%	1%	–	–	–	46%	–	2%[lower-alpha 237]
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	459 (LV)	–	5%	–	25%	–	1%	13%	1%	–	–	–	46%	–	1%[lower-alpha 238]
Morning Consult	August 19–21, 2022	846 (RV)	–	3%	2%	18%	3%	1%	8%	0%	1%	1%	–	57%	–	4%[lower-alpha 239]
Big Village	August 10–12, 2022	342 (A)	–	0%	–	16%	–	–	11%	–	–	–	–	68%	–	–
Morning Consult	August 10, 2022	872 (RV)	–	2%	2%	18%	2%	1%	8%	1%	1%	1%	–	56%	–	5%[lower-alpha 240]
TIPP Insights	August 2–4, 2022	575 (RV)	1%	1%	3%	17%	1%	–	10%	1%	1%	0%	–	53%	–	6%[lower-alpha 241]
Harris Poll	July 27–28, 2022	679 (RV)	–	–	3%	19%	5%	–	7%	1%	1%	1%	–	52%	–	–
Suffolk University	July 22–25, 2022	414 (RV)	–	3%	–	34%	3%	–	7%	1%	–	–	–	43%	–	1%[lower-alpha 242]
Morning Consult	July 15–17, 2022	840 (RV)	–	2%	3%	23%	2%	0%	7%	1%	1%	1%	–	53%	–	5%[lower-alpha 243]
Morning Consult	July 8–10, 2022	840 (RV)	–	2%	2%	21%	3%	1%	8%	1%	1%	0%	–	52%	–	5%[lower-alpha 244]
Siena College/The New York Times Upshot	July 5–7, 2022	350 (LV)	–	–	7%	25%	5%	0%	6%	2%	2%	–	–	49%	–	5%[lower-alpha 245]
Harris Poll	June 29–30, 2022	474 (RV)	–	–	1%	16%	4%	–	7%	1%	2%	2%	–	56%	–
Harris Poll	June 29–30, 2022	474 (RV)	–	–	–	20%	3%	–	9%	1%	–	–	–	55%	–	–
Morning Consult	June 24–26, 2022	2,004 (RV)	–	1%	2%	23%	2%	0%	8%	0%	2%	0%	–	51%	–	5%[lower-alpha 246]
McLaughlin & Associates	June 17–22, 2022	436 (LV)	1%	1%	–	15%	–	1%	7%	–	2%	1%	–	59%	–	9%[lower-alpha 247]
TIPP Insights	June 8–10, 2022	385 (RV)	1%	–	2%	12%	4%	–	7%	0%	2%	2%	–	55%	–	5%[lower-alpha 248]

Polls taken between 2020 and June 2022
Source of poll	Dates administered	Sample size	Margin	Ted Cruz	Ron DeSantis	Nikki Haley	Mike Pence	Donald Trump	Other	Undecided[lower-alpha 249]
Harvard/Harris	January 19–20, 2022	1,815 (RV)	–	4%	12%	2%	11%	57%	13%[lower-alpha 250]	–
McLaughlin & Associates	January 13–18, 2022	468 (LV)	–	–	13%	4%	9%	53%	–	8%
John Bolton Super PAC	January 6, 2022	501 (LV)	–	5%	19%	4%	4%	36%	–	22%
UMass Amherst	December 14–20, 2021	306 (A)	–	6%	20%	7%	6%	55%	–	–
McLaughlin & Associates	November 11–16, 2021	450 (LV)	–	2%	15%	3%	7%	55%	6%	8%
Zogby Analytics	November 8–10, 2021	371 (LV)	–	2%	7%	5%	12%	59%	6%[lower-alpha 251]	4%
YouGov/Yahoo News	November 4–8, 2021	559 (A)	–	–	21%	5%	4%	44%	1%[lower-alpha 252]	19%
Harvard/Harris	October 26–28, 2021	490 (LV)	±4.0%	–	10%	–	9%	47%	15%	19%
YouGov/Yahoo News	October 19–21, 2021	629 (A)	–	–	18%	4%	5%	41%	2%[lower-alpha 253]	24%
Echelon Insights (Archive) Archived October 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine	October 15–19, 2021	476 (RV)	–	–	–	–	–	66%[lower-alpha 254]	31%	4%
McLaughlin & Associates	October 14–18, 2021	463 (LV)	–	3%	10%	4%	9%	53%[lower-alpha 254]	9%[lower-alpha 255]	6%
Morning Consult	October 8–11, 2021	803 (RV)	–	3%	12%	3%	12%	47%	6%[lower-alpha 256]	4%
Echelon Insights Archived September 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine	September 17–23, 2021	479 (RV)	–	–	–	–	–	59%[lower-alpha 254]	32%	9%
John Bolton Super PAC	September 16–18, 2021	1,000 (LV)	± 3.1%	5%	25%	6%	3%	26%	10%[lower-alpha 257]	20%
Harvard/Harris	September 15–16, 2021	490 (LV)	±4.0%	–	9%	3%	13%	58%	0%	14%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 9–14, 2021	456 (LV)	–	3%	8%	2%	10%	59%[lower-alpha 254]	7%[lower-alpha 258]	4%
Emerson College	August 30 – September 1, 2021	395 (RV)	± 4.9%	2%	10%	7%	6%	67%	5%[lower-alpha 259]	1%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 29 – August 3, 2021	467 (LV)	–	3%	11%	4%	8%	54%[lower-alpha 254]	7%[lower-alpha 260]	6%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 30 – August 2, 2021	518 (A)	–	–	13%	4%	3%	58%	1%[lower-alpha 261]	17%
Fabrizio, Lee & Associates	July 6–8, 2021	800 (RV)	± 3.5%	2%	19%	3%	8%	47%[lower-alpha 254]	2%[lower-alpha 262]	13%
John Bolton Super PAC	July 8, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	5%	13%	5%	6%	46%	22%	–
Echelon Insights Archived June 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine	June 18–22, 2021	386 (RV)	–	–	–	–	–	59%[lower-alpha 254]	35%	6%
McLaughlin & Associates	June 16–20, 2021	444 (LV)	–	4%	9%	3%	8%	55%[lower-alpha 254]	8%[lower-alpha 263]	7%
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 24–26, 2021	378 (A)	–	–	–	–	–	65%	19%[lower-alpha 264]	16%
Quinnipiac	May 18–24, 2021	~290 (A)[lower-alpha 265]	–	–	–	–	–	66%	30%[lower-alpha 266]	4%
McLaughlin & Associates	May 12–18, 2021	444 (LV)	–	3%	8%	5%	10%	57%[lower-alpha 254]	7%[lower-alpha 267]	7%
Echelon Insights Archived May 21, 2021, at the Wayback Machine	May 14–17, 2021	479 (RV)	–	–	–	–	–	63%[lower-alpha 254]	31%	6%
Morning Consult/Politico	May 14–17, 2021	782 (RV)	± 2%	4%	8%	4%	13%	48%	9%[lower-alpha 268]	–
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 11–13, 2021	348 (A)	–	–	–	–	–	68%	22%[lower-alpha 269]	10%
Trafalgar Group	April 30 – May 6, 2021	– (LV)[lower-alpha 270]	–[lower-alpha 254]	–	–	–	–	62%	27%[lower-alpha 271]	11%[lower-alpha 272]
Echelon Insights Archived June 1, 2021, at the Wayback Machine	April 16–23, 2021	440 (RV)	–	–	–	–	–	59%[lower-alpha 254]	35%	6%
McLaughlin & Associates	April 8–13, 2021	441 (LV)	1%	3%	7%	2%	10%	55%[lower-alpha 254]	8%[lower-alpha 273]	9%
PEM Management Corporation	April 3–7, 2021	494 (LV)	–	7%	9%	9%	6%	44%	1%[lower-alpha 274]	–
Echelon Insights	March 15–21, 2021	1,008 (RV)	–	–	–	–	–	60%[lower-alpha 254]	30%	10%
Fabrizio, Lee & Associates/The Hill	February 20 – March 2, 2021	1,264 (LV)	± 2.7%	3%	7%	6%	9%	51%[lower-alpha 254]	3%[lower-alpha 275]	12%
Fabrizio, Lee & Associates/The Hill	February 20 – March 2, 2021	1,264 (LV)	± 2.7%	–	–	–	–	57%[lower-alpha 276]	16%[lower-alpha 277]	27%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 24–28, 2021	448 (LV)	–	5%	4%	3%	8%	54%[lower-alpha 254]	9%[lower-alpha 278]	10%
Harvard/Harris	February 23–25, 2021	546 (RV)	–	5%	–	7%	18%	52%[lower-alpha 254]	13%[lower-alpha 279]	–
Echelon Insights	February 12–18, 2021	430 (RV)	–	–	–	–	–	55%[lower-alpha 254]	32%	14%
Morning Consult/Politico	February 14–15, 2021	645 (RV)	± 4%	4%	–	6%	12%	54%	10%[lower-alpha 280]	–
Echelon Insights	January 20–26, 2021	– (RV)[lower-alpha 281]	–	–	–	–	–	48%	40%	11%
	January 20, 2021	Inauguration of Joe Biden
Léger	January 15–17, 2021	1,007 (A)[lower-alpha 282]	± 3.09%	6%	2%	7%	13%	29%[lower-alpha 254]	6%[lower-alpha 283]	–
Ipsos/Axios	January 11–13, 2021	334 (A)	± 5.8%	–	–	–	–	57%	41%	1%[lower-alpha 284]
Morning Consult/Politico	January 8–11, 2021	702 (RV)	–	7%	–	6%	18%	40%	15%[lower-alpha 285]	–
	January 6, 2021	January 6 United States Capitol attack
McLaughlin & Associates	December 9–13, 2020	442 (LV)	–	5%	1%	3%	11%	56%	5%[lower-alpha 286]	10%
Fox News	December 6–9, 2020	~ 413 (RV)	± 4.5%	–	–	–	–	71%	21%[lower-alpha 287]	8%
McLaughlin & Associates/Newsmax	November 21–23, 2020	442 (LV)	± 3.1%	4%	2%	4%	9%	53%[lower-alpha 254]	6%[lower-alpha 288]	15%
Morning Consult/Politico	November 21–23, 2020	765 (RV)	± 2%	4%	–	4%	12%	53%	11%[lower-alpha 289]	–
HarrisX/The Hill	November 17–19, 2020	599 (RV)	± 2.26%	–	–	–	–	75%	25%	–
Seven Letter Insight	November 10–19, 2020	~555 (V)[lower-alpha 290]	± 2.5%	6%	–	7%	19%	35%	4%[lower-alpha 291]	–
Léger	November 13–15, 2020	304 (A)[lower-alpha 292]	± 3.09%	7%	–	4%	22%	45%[lower-alpha 254]	5%[lower-alpha 293]	–
	November 3, 2020	2020 presidential election
YouGov/Washington Examiner	October 30, 2020	– (RV)[lower-alpha 294]	–	–	–	–	–	38%	43%[lower-alpha 295]	–

Head-to-head polling

Ron DeSantis versus Donald Trump head-to-head

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Ron DeSantis	Donald Trump	Undecided/ Other
Echelon Insights	March 27–29, 2023	370 (RV)	34%	59%	7%
Harris Poll	March 22–23, 2023	–	44%	56%	–
Premise	March 4–7, 2023	639 (RV)	37%	53%	10%
Echelon Insights	February 17–23, 2023	419 (LV)	42%	53%	5%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 17–23, 2023	441 (LV)	38%	56%	6%
Big Village	February 15–17, 2023	346 (A)	39%	61%	–
Harris Poll	February 15–16, 2023	–	44%	56%	–
WPA Intelligence	February 13–16, 2023	1,000 (RV)	55%	37%	12%
Rasmussen Reports	February 8–12, 2023	–	32%	45%	23%
YouGov	February 2–6, 2023	453 (RV)	45%	41%	14%
OnMessage	January 30 – February 5, 2023	1,000 (LV)	53%	38%	9%
Monmouth University	January 26 – February 2, 2023	566 (RV)	53%	40%	7%
Echelon Insights	January 23–25, 2023	467 (LV)	48%	43%	9%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 19–24, 2023	457 (LV)	41%	52%	7%
WPA Intelligence	January 17–23, 2023	3,015 (LV)	49%	40%	11%
North Star Opinion Research	January 16–21, 2023	1,000 (LV)	44%	28%	28%
North Star Opinion Research	January 16–21, 2023	1,000 (LV)	52%	30%	18%
Big Village	January 18–20, 2023	355 (A)	39%	61%	–
Marquette University	January 9–20, 2023	352 (RV)	64%	36%	–
Marquette University	January 9–20, 2023	401 (A)	62%	38%	–
Harris Poll	January 18–19, 2023	–	45%	55%	–
Schoen Cooperman Research	January 14–18, 2023	–	45%	46%	9%
YouGov	January 12–16, 2023	450 (RV)	45%	42%	13%
Public Policy Polling	January 10–11, 2023	446 (LV)	43%	42%	15%
YouGov	January 5–9, 2023	346 (A)	51%	49%	–
YouGov	December 15–19, 2022	390 (A)	48%	40%	12%
YouGov	December 15–19, 2022	450 (RV)	45%	43%	12%
Harris Poll	December 14–15, 2022	666 (RV)	52%	48%	–
Echelon Insights	December 12–14, 2022	418 (RV)	48%	46%	6%
Echelon Insights	December 12–14, 2022	454 (LV)	47%	46%	7%
Morning Consult	December 10–14, 2022	825 (RV)	45%	44%	9%
McLaughlin & Associates	December 9–14, 2022	480 (LV)	36%	58%	6%
Suffolk University	December 7–11, 2022	374 (RV)	56%	33%	11%
Fabrizio, Lee & Associates	December 3–7, 2022	267 (RV)	52%	38%	10%
YouGov	December 1–5, 2022	435 (RV)	47%	42%	11%
YouGov	December 1–5, 2022	521 (A)	42%	42%	16%
Marquette University	November 15–22, 2022	318 (A)	60%	40%	–
Marquette University	November 15–22, 2022	383 (A)	57%	42%	–
Quinnipiac University	November 16–20, 2022	–	45%	43%	13%
Quinnipiac University	November 16–20, 2022	–	44%	44%	12%
Echelon Insights	November 17–19, 2022	424 (RV)	40%	52%	8%
Echelon Insights	November 17–19, 2022	424 (LV)	46%	46%	8%
YouGov	November 13–15, 2022	432 (A)	46%	39%	15%
Léger	November 11–13, 2022	316 (A)	45%	43%	12%
YouGov	November 9–11, 2022	–	42%	35%	23%
	November 8, 2022	2022 midterm elections
Echelon Insights	October 24–26, 2022	405 (RV)	32%	60%	8%
Echelon Insights	October 24–26, 2022	455 (LV)	34%	56%	10%
YouGov	October 11–26, 2022	1,720 (RV)	45%	55%	–
YouGov	October 13–17, 2022	473 (RV)	36%	45%	19%
YouGov	October 13–17, 2022	570 (A)	35%	45%	20%
McLaughlin & Associates	October 12–17, 2022	454 (LV)	29%	64%	7%
YouGov	September 23–27, 2022	456 (RV)	34%	46%	20%
YouGov	September 23–27, 2022	573 (A)	32%	45%	23%
Echelon Insights	August 1 – September 7, 2022	490 (LV)	35%	57%	8%
YouGov	September 2–6, 2022	467 (RV)	37%	49%	14%
YouGov	September 2–6, 2022	547 (A)	34%	48%	18%
YouGov	August 18–22, 2022	460 (RV)	31%	49%	20%
YouGov	August 18–22, 2022	547 (A)	31%	49%	20%
YouGov	July 28 – August 1, 2022	428 (LV)	35%	44%	21%
YouGov	July 28 – August 1, 2022	504 (A)	34%	44%	22%
Echelon Insight	July 15–18, 2022	408 (RV)	30%	59%	11%
Echelon Insight	July 15–18, 2022	431 (LV)	32%	56%	12%
YouGov	July 8–11, 2022	488 (RV)	31%	47%	22%
YouGov	July 8–11, 2022	575 (A)	29%	50%	21%
YouGov	June 24–27, 2022	457 (RV)	36%	44%	20%
YouGov	June 24–27, 2022	542 (A)	33%	45%	27%

Mike Pence versus Donald Trump head-to-head

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Mike Pence	Donald Trump	Undecided/ Other
Public Policy Polling	January 10–11, 2023	446 (LV)	25%	65%	10%
Fabrizio, Lee & Associates	December 3–7, 2022	270 (RV)	28%	63%	9%
YouGov	June 24–27, 2022	457 (RV)	18%	65%	17%
YouGov	June 24–27, 2022	542 (A)	18%	61%	21%
YouGov	June 24–27, 2022	457 (RV)	18%	65%	17%
YouGov	June 24–27, 2022	542 (A)	18%	61%	21%
Echelon Insights	April 18–20, 2022	436 (RV)	25%	68%	7%
Echelon Insights	April 18–20, 2022	459 (LV)	28%	64%	8%

Polls without Donald Trump

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[lower-alpha 2]	Margin of error	Tucker Carlson	Ted Cruz	Ron DeSantis	Nikki Haley	Josh Hawley	Larry Hogan	Mike Pence	Mike Pompeo	Vivek Ramaswamy	Mitt Romney	Marco Rubio	Tim Scott	Donald Trump Jr.	Other	Undecided
HarrisX/The Messenger	August 24-28, 2023	685 (RV)	–	–	–	33%	6%	–	–	12%	–	23%	–	–	3%	–	–	9%[lower-alpha 296]	14%
HarrisX/American Free Enterprise Chamber of Commerce	August 17–21, 2023	1,057 (LV)	–	–	–	27%	4%	–	–	8%	–	22%	–	–	5%	–	16%[lower-alpha 297]	17%
Harvard/Harris	October 12–13, 2022	724 (RV)	–	–	9%	40%	3%	–	–	18%	3%	–	–	4%	1%	–	5%	17%
Cygnal	October 10–12, 2022	1,204 (LV)	–	–	4%	46%	4%	0%	1%	17%	2%	–	–	2%	1%	–	11%[lower-alpha 298]	14%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 17–22, 2022	465 (LV)	–	–	6%	31%	3%	–	2%	11%	3%	–	2%	2%	1%	19%	13%[lower-alpha 299]	12%
Echelon Insights	September 16–19, 2022	465 (LV)	–	–	5%	49%	2%	1%	0%	10%	1%	–	3%	2%	0%	6%	8%[lower-alpha 300]	11%
Harvard/Harris	September 7–8, 2022	667 (RV)	–	–	6%	39%	5%	–	–	18%	4%	–	–	3%	1%	–	4%	20%
McLaughlin & Associates	August 20–24, 2022	461 (LV)	–	–	3%	26%	4%	–	2%	13%	1%	–	4%	2%	2%	18%	15%[lower-alpha 301]	12%
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	459 (LV)	–	–	5%	41%	5%	0%	1%	10%	0%	–	1%	1%	0%	11%	7%[lower-alpha 302]	17%
Harvard/Harris	July 27–28, 2022	679 (RV)	–	–	7%	34%	7%	–	–	19%	3%	–	–	3%	1%	–	3%	22%
Echelon Insights	July 15–18, 2022	431 (LV)	–	–	4%	45%	3%	0%	0%	12%	2%	–	2%	2%	1%	9%	5%[lower-alpha 303]	13%
Harvard/Harris	June 29–30, 2022	474 (RV)	–	–	8%	36%	5%	–	–	17%	3%	–	–	3%	2%	–	8%	19%
McLaughlin & Associates	June 17–22, 2022	436 (LV)	–	–	4%	32%	3%	–	1%	12%	3%	–	3%	3%	2%	17%	11%[lower-alpha 304]	11%
Echelon Insights Archived June 27, 2022, at the Wayback Machine	June 17–20, 2022	409 (LV)	–	–	6%	39%	3%	1%	0%	18%	0%	–	3%	2%	0%	7%	5%[lower-alpha 305]	15%
Zogby Analytics	May 23–24, 2022	408 (LV)	± 4.9%	–	12%	27%	4%	–	–	23%	3%	–	–	5%	–	–	13%[lower-alpha 306]	15%
Echelon Insights	May 20–23, 2022	451 (LV)	–	–	7%	34%	3%	1%	1%	17%	0%	–	1%	2%	1%	17%	8%[lower-alpha 307]	18%
Harvard/Harris	May 18–19, 2022	–	–	–	9%	25%	5%	–	–	15%	2%	–	–	3%	2%	–	9%	29%
McLaughlin & Associates	April 22–26, 2022	464 (LV)	–	–	6%	31%	2%	–	1%	11%	1%	–	4%	3%	1%	16%	12%[lower-alpha 308]	13%
Harvard/Harris	April 20–21, 2022	708 (RV)	–	–	8%	35%	7%	–	–	20%	1%	–	–	3%	1%	–	6%	18%
Echelon Insights	April 18–20, 2022	459 (LV)	–	–	7%	35%	6%	0%	2%	15%	2%	–	2%	3%	1%	5%	4%[lower-alpha 309]	17%
Harvard/Harris	March 23–24, 2022	719 (RV)	–	–	10%	28%	6%	–	–	24%	3%	–	–	5%	2%	–	5%	16%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 17–22, 2022	459 (LV)	–	–	5%	26%	4%	–	1%	15%	2%	–	3%	2%	1%	16%	7%[lower-alpha 310]	17%
Echelon Insights	March 18–21, 2022	475 (LV)	–	–	5%	31%	6%	1%	1%	16%	1%	–	6%	3%	1%	8%	3%[lower-alpha 311]	17%
Harvard/Harris	February 23–24, 2022	729 (RV)	–	–	11%	33%	5%	–	–	25%	5%	–	–	4%	3%	–	14%	–
Echelon Insights	February 19–23, 2022	451 (LV)	–	–	8%	27%	5%	1%	1%	18%	2%	–	2%	3%	1%	7%	10%[lower-alpha 312]	–
McLaughlin & Associates	February 16–22, 2022	463 (LV)	–	–	5%	27%	3%	–	0%	11%	2%	–	3%	2%	1%	17%	14%[lower-alpha 313]	13%
Morning Consult/Politico	January 22–23, 2022	463 (RV)	–	–	6%	25%	4%	–	1%	12%	1%	–	2%	1%	1%	24%	6%[lower-alpha 314]	–
Echelon Insights	January 21–23, 2022	423 (RV)	–	–	6%	28%	4%	0%	1%	16%	0%	–	6%	1%	2%	11%	6%[lower-alpha 315]	–
Harvard/Harris	January 19–20, 2022	1815 (RV)	–	–	14%	30%	4%	–	–	25%	3%	–	–	6%	3%	–	–	–
McLaughlin & Associates	January 13–18, 2022	468 (LV)	–	–	8%	26%	6%	–	0%	12%	1%	–	5%	1%	1%	18%	7%[lower-alpha 316]	13%
Echelon Insights	December 9–13, 2021	439 (RV)	–	–	8%	30%	3%	1%	0%	12%	1%	–	4%	2%	1%	8%	8%[lower-alpha 317]	19%
Harvard/Harris	November 30 – December 2, 2021	1989 (RV)	–	–	13%	30%	7%	–	–	25%	4%	–	–	8%	4%	–	10%	–
Echelon Insights	November 12–18, 2021	435 (RV)	–	–	10%	26%	6%	1%	0%	15%	1%	–	3%	1%	1%	13%	5%[lower-alpha 318]	20%
Harvard/Harris	October 26–28, 2021	490 (LV)	±4.0%	–	12%	21%	–	–	–	23%	–	–	–	–	–	–	0%	43%
Echelon Insights	October 15–19, 2021	476 (RV)	–	2%	8%	22%	5%	0%	0%	8%	2%	–	3%	4%	2%	13%	8%[lower-alpha 319]	22%
McLaughlin & Associates	October 14–18, 2021	463 (LV)	–	–	5%	24%	5%	–	–	14%	1%	–	5%	2%	2%	18%	11%[lower-alpha 320]	13%
Echelon Insights Archived September 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine	September 17–23, 2021	479 (RV)	–	2%	9%	22%	6%	1%	1%	15%	2%	–	4%	2%	1%	9%	11%[lower-alpha 321]	21%
Harvard/Harris	September 15–16, 2021	490 (LV)	±4.0%	–	14%	20%	–	–	–	32%	–	–	–	–	–	–	0%	38%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 9–14, 2021	456 (LV)	–	–	7%	22%	4%	–	–	15%	2%	–	4%	2%	2%	19%	12%[lower-alpha 322]	11%
Emerson College	August 30 – September 1, 2021	395 (RV)	± 4.9%	–	13%	32%	10%	6%	–	24%	–	–	6%	–	–	–	9%[lower-alpha 323]	0%
McLaughlin & Associates	July 29 – August 3, 2021	467 (LV)	–	–	9%	23%	4%	–	–	11%	2%	–	4%	4%	1%	12%	16%[lower-alpha 324]	14%
Echelon Insights Archived July 27, 2021, at the Wayback Machine	July 19–23, 2021	421 (RV)	–	1%	9%	32%	4%	1%	0%[lower-alpha 325]	17%	1%	–	3%	2%	1%	10%	6%[lower-alpha 326]	13%
Fabrizio, Lee & Associates	July 6–8, 2021	800 (RV)	± 3.5%	–	7%	39%	4%	0%	1%	15%	1%	–	3%	–	2%	–	4%[lower-alpha 327]	24%
Echelon Insights Archived May 21, 2021, at the Wayback Machine	June 18–22, 2021	386 (RV)	–	1%	6%	21%	6%	0%[lower-alpha 328]	0%[lower-alpha 329]	14%	0%[lower-alpha 330]	–	4%	3%	2%	7%	7%[lower-alpha 331]	26%
McLaughlin & Associates	June 16–20, 2021	444 (LV)	–	–	6%	24%	4%	–	–	19%	1%	–	5%	2%	1%	15%	13%[lower-alpha 332]	11%
McLaughlin & Associates	May 12–18, 2021	444 (LV)	–	1%	12%	18%	5%	–	–	19%	2%	–	3%	1%	2%	13%	13%[lower-alpha 333]	12%
Echelon Insights Archived May 21, 2021, at the Wayback Machine	May 14–17, 2021	479 (RV)	–	2%	9%	22%	5%	1%	0%[lower-alpha 334]	14%	1%	–	4%	1%	3%	6%	9%[lower-alpha 335]	19%
Trafalgar Group	April 30 – May 6, 2021	– (LV)[lower-alpha 336]	–	–	15%	35%	6%	1%	–	10%	–	–	10%	–	–	–	21%[lower-alpha 337]	–
Echelon Insights Archived June 1, 2021, at the Wayback Machine	April 16–23, 2021	440 (RV)	–	2%	8%	20%	6%	1%	0%[lower-alpha 338]	16%	1%	–	4%	2%	0%[lower-alpha 339]	9%	3%[lower-alpha 340]	28%
McLaughlin & Associates	April 8–13, 2021	441 (LV)	–	3%	10%	14%	3%	–	–	19%	2%	–	3%	3%	1%	15%	13%[lower-alpha 341]	14%
Echelon Insights	March 15–21, 2021	1,008 (RV)	–	4%	5%	17%	4%	–	–	16%	4%	–	3%	2%	–	3%	7%[lower-alpha 342]	35%
Fabrizio, Lee & Associates/The Hill	February 20 – March 2, 2021	1,264 (LV)	± 2.7%	–	13%	17%	8%	2%	1%	19%	4%	–	5%	4%	1%	–	7%[lower-alpha 343]	20%
McLaughlin & Associates	Feb 24–28, 2021	448 (LV)	–	1%	9%	9%	5%	–	–	15%	–	–	6%	2%	–	21%	16%[lower-alpha 344]	17%
RMG Research/Just the News	February 25–27, 2021	363 (RV)	–	8%	18%	21%	10%	2%	–	–	9%	–	–	–	–	–	33%[lower-alpha 345]	–
Harvard/Harris	February 23–25, 2021	546 (RV)	–	–	16%	–	10%	6%	–	41%	–	–	–	–	7%	–	19%[lower-alpha 346]	–
Echelon Insights	February 12–18, 2021	430 (RV)	–	1%	10%	8%	6%	≤1%	1%	21%	1%	–	4%	≤1%	≤1%	8%	12%[lower-alpha 347]	26%
Echelon Insights	January 20–26, 2021	– (RV)[lower-alpha 348]	–	2%	8%	2%	9%	0%	0%	21%	1%	–	3%	2%	1%	10%	10%[lower-alpha 349]	30%
	January 20, 2021	Inauguration of Joe Biden
Léger	January 15–17, 2021	1,007 (A)[lower-alpha 350]	± 3.09%	–	9%	3%	8%	2%	7%	22%	3%	–	20%	4%	3%	11%	8%[lower-alpha 351]	–
McLaughlin & Associates/Newsmax	November 21–23, 2020	442 (LV)	± 3.1%	1%	7%	2%	6%	–	–	20%	1%	–	5%	3%	2%	20%	13%[lower-alpha 352]	22%
Léger	November 13–15, 2020	304 (A)[lower-alpha 353]	± 3.1%	6%	14%	–	6%	–	–	44%	3%	–	11%	6%	–	–	7%[lower-alpha 354]	–
	November 3, 2020	2020 presidential election
McLaughlin & Associates	November 2–3, 2020	449 (LV)	–	2%	5%	2%	8%	–	–	30%	–	–	5%	2%	1%	20%	5%[lower-alpha 355]	21%
Echelon Insights	August 14–18, 2020	423 (LV)	–	2%	4%	–	7%	0%	1%	26%	–	–	–	5%	1%	12%	11%[lower-alpha 356]	29%
Léger	August 4–7, 2020	309 (LV)	± 2.8%	7%	8%	–	11%	–	–	31%	3%	–	9%	5%	–	17%	9%[lower-alpha 357]	–

General election polling

Donald Trump versus Joe Biden

Aggregate polls

Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided [lower-alpha 358]	Margin
RealClearPolitics	August 10 – 23, 2023	August 23, 2023	45.0%	43.0%	12.0%	Biden +2.0

Poll source	Date	Sample size[lower-alpha 2]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other/ Undecided
YouGov	May 25–30, 2023	1,015 (RV)	–	48%	41%	11%
Echelon Insights	May 22–25, 2023	1,035 (LV)	–	46%	44%	10%
Quinnipiac	May 18–22, 2023	1,616 (RV)	–	48%	46%	6%
Morning Consult	May 12–14, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	41%	15%
WPA Intelligence	May 10–13, 2023	1,571 (RV)	± 2.5%	47%	40%	13%
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 5–8, 2023	1,060 (RV)	–	45%	43%	12%
Morning Consult	May 5–7, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	44%	42%	14%
Emerson College	April 24–25, 2023	1,100 (RV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Morning Consult	April 21–23, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	43%	42%	15%
Cygnal	April 18–20, 2023	2,500 (LV)	–	46%	45%	9%
Harvard/Harris	April 18–19, 2023	1,845 (RV)	–	40%	45%	15%
YouGov/The Economist	April 15–18, 2023	1,316 (RV)	–	43%	44%	13%
Premise	April 14–17, 2023	1,485 (RV)	–	42%	44%	14%
YouGov/Yahoo News	April 14–17, 2023	1,027 (RV)	–	46%	42%	12%
Morning Consult	April 14–16, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	40%	17%
YouGov/The Economist	April 8–11, 2023	1,322 (RV)	± 2.9%	43%	44%	13%
Morning Consult	April 7–9, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	42%	15%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	April 4, 2023	1,180 (LV)	–	44%	43%	13%
YouGov	April 1–4, 2023	1,319 (RV)	± 3.0%	42%	44%	14%
Premise	March 31 – April 3, 2023	1,562 (RV)	–	44%	43%	13%
Rasmussen Reports	March 30 – April 3, 2023	971 (LV)	± 3.0%	40%	47%	13%
Morning Consult	March 31 – April 2, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	41%	17%
McLaughlin & Associates (R)[upper-alpha 3]	March 31 – April 1, 2023	1,000 (LV)	± 3.1%	43%	47%	10%
YouGov/Yahoo News	March 30–31, 2023	729 (RV)	± 3.3%	45%	43%	12%
Echelon Insights	March 27–29, 2023	1,007 (LV)	± 3.8%	47%	44%	9%
Cygnal	March 26–27, 2023	2,550 (LV)	± 1.9%	47%	45%	8%
Quinnipiac University	March 23–27, 2023	1,600 (RV)	± 2.5%	48%	46%	6%
Morning Consult	March 24–26, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	42%	15%
Harvard/Harris	March 22–23, 2023	2,905 (RV)	–	41%	45%	14%
Marquette University	March 12–22, 2023	863 (RV)	± 4.0%	38%	38%	24%
Premise	March 16–21, 2023	1,509 (RV)	–	41%	47%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	March 20, 2023	1,250 (LV)	–	44%	44%	12%
YouGov/Yahoo News	March 16–20, 2023	1,059 (RV)	± 2.7%	45%	43%	12%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 16–20, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	43%	48%	9%
Morning Consult	March 17–19, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	41%	15%
Quinnipiac University	March 9–13, 2023	1,635 (RV)	± 2.4%	49%	45%	6%
Morning Consult	March 10–12, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	42%	15%
Wick Insights	March 6–9, 2023	1,125 (LV)	–	45%	43%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	March 7–8, 2023	1,201 (LV)	–	44%	44%	12%
Premise	March 4–7, 2023	1,621 (RV)	–	44%	45%	11%
Morning Consult	March 3–5, 2023	5,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	43%	15%
Cygnal	February 24–27, 2023	2,424 (LV)	± 2.0%	47%	45%	8%
YouGov/Yahoo News	February 23–27, 2023	1,014 (RV)	± 2.7%	43%	45%	12%
Susquehanna	February 19–26, 2023	800 (RV)		52%	39%
Emerson College	February 24–25, 2023	1,060 (RV)	± 2.9%	42%	46%	12%
Morning Consult	February 23–25, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Echelon Insights	February 21–23, 2023	1,023 (LV)	–	47%	44%	9%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 17–23, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	48%	8%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	February 19, 2023	1,102 (LV)	–	43%	42%	15%
Morning Consult	February 17–19, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	42%	41%	17%
Premise	February 16–19, 2023	1,717 (RV)	–	44%	42%	14%
Morning Consult	February 16–19, 2023	2,000 (RV)	± 1.5%	42%	41%	17%
Harvard/Harris	February 15–16, 2023	1,838 (RV)	–	41%	46%	13%
Quinnipac University	February 9–14, 2023	1,429 (RV)	± 2.6%	48%	46%	6%
Ipsos/Reuters	February 6–13, 2023	915 (RV)	± 4.0%	39%	42%	19%
Morning Consult	February 10–12, 2023	6,000 (RV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Rasmussen Reports	February 8–12, 2023	900 (LV)	± 3.0%	45%	42%	13%
Public Policy Polling	February 10–11, 2023	1,056 (RV)	–	49%	45%	6%
YouGov/Yahoo News	February 2–6, 2023	1,063 (RV)	± 2.8%	47%	41%	12%
Morning Consult	February 3–5, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	40%	17%
ABC News/The Washington Post	January 27 – February 1, 2023	895 (RV)	–	45%	48%	7%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	January 28–29, 2023	1,139 (LV)	–	39%	41%	20%
Morning Consult	January 27–29, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	40%	17%
Echelon Insights	January 23–25, 2023	1,024 (LV)	± 3.9%	45%	42%	13%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 19–24, 2023	1,000 (LV)	–	43%	48%	9%
Morning Consult	January 20–22, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	41%	15%
Emerson College	January 19–21, 2023	1,015 (RV)	± 2.5%	41%	44%	15%
Cygnal	January 19–20, 2023	2,529 (LV)	± 2.0%	47%	44%	9%
Marquette University	January 9–20, 2023	790 (RV)	± 4.0%	40%	40%	20%
Harvard/Harris	January 18–19, 2023	2,050 (RV)	–	41%	46%	13%
YouGov/The Economist	January 14–17, 2023	1,314 (RV)	± 3.0%	46%	42%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	January 16, 2023	1,458 (LV)	–	39%	41%	20%
YouGov/YahooNews	January 12–16, 2023	1,028 (RV)	± 2.7%	46%	40%	14%
Morning Consult	January 10–12, 2023	6,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	40%	17%
Morning Consult	January 6–8, 2023	7,500 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	41%	15%
WPA Intelligence	January 2–8, 2023	1,035 (LV)	± 3.0%	49%	41%	10%
Morning Consult	December 31, 2022 – January 2, 2023	8,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	44%	40%	16%
Data for Progress	December 22–29, 2022	1,189 (LV)	± 3.0%	47%	45%	8%
YouGov/Yahoo News	December 15–19, 2022	1,041 (RV)	± 2.7%	45%	41%	14%
Morning Consult	December 16–18, 2022	7,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	41%	16%
Harvard/Harris	December 14–15, 2022	1,851 (RV)	–	40%	45%	15%
Echelon Insights	December 12–14, 2022	1,021 (LV)	± 3.7%	46%	44%	10%
McLaughlin & Associates	December 9–14, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	45%	48%	7%
Morning Consult	December 9–11, 2022	7,000 (RV)	± 1.0%	43%	41%	16%
Suffolk University	December 7–11, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	47%	40%	13%
Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research	December 3–7, 2022	1,500 (RV)	± 2.5%	45%	43%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	December 5, 2022	1,162 (LV)	–	41%	41%	18%
YouGov/Yahoo News	December 1–5, 2022	1,204 (RV)	± 2.6%	45%	42%	13%
Marquette University	November 15–22, 2022	840 (RV)	± 4.0%	44%	34%	22%
Emerson College	November 18–19, 2022	1,380 (RV)	± 2.5%	45%	41%	14%
Echelon Insights	November 17–19, 2022	1,036 (LV)	± 3.8%	42%	45%	13%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	November 17, 2022	1,203 (LV)	–	43%	42%	15%
Harvard/Harris	November 16–17, 2022	2,212 (RV)	–	42%	44%	14%
Léger	November 11–13, 2022	1,007 (A)	–	36%	33%	31%
Rasmussen Reports	November 8–9, 2022	1,767 (LV)	± 2.0%	44%	47%	9%
Democracy Corps/GQR	November 6–8, 2022	1,000 (RV)	–	46%	48%	6%
Morning Consult	November 2–7, 2022	3,980 (RV)	± 3.0%	44%	43%	13%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	November 2, 2022	1,084 (LV)	–	39%	44%	17%
YouGov/Yahoo News	October 27–31, 2022	1,172 (RV)	± 2.7%	48%	42%	10%
Benenson Strategy Group	October 27–30, 2022	1,000 (V)	± 3.1%	45%	43%	12%
Echelon Insights	October 24–26, 2022	1,014 (LV)	± 3.8%	45%	46%	9%
Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research	October 22–26, 2022	1,500 (RV)	–	46%	46%	8%
Suffolk University	October 19–24, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.1%	46%	42%	12%
Emerson College	October 18–19, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	40%	17%
YouGov/Yahoo News	October 13–17, 2022	1,209 (RV)	± 2.7%	46%	44%	10%
McLaughlin & Associates	October 12–17, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	50%	6%
Rasmussen Reports	October 12–13, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	40%	44%	16%
Harvard/Harris	October 12–13, 2022	2,010 (RV)	–	43%	45%	12%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	October 12, 2022	1,110 (LV)	–	40%	41%	19%
Siena College/The New York Times	October 9–12, 2022	792 (LV)	–	44%	45%	11%
John Zogby Strategies	October 5, 2022	1,006 (LV)	± 3.2%	45%	41%	14%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	October 2–3, 2022	1,128 (LV)	–	43%	41%	16%
YouGov/Yahoo News	September 23–27, 2022	1,138 (RV)	± 2.7%	47%	45%	8%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 17–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	45%	49%	6%
Emerson College	September 20–21, 2022	1,368 (LV)	± 2.6%	45%	44%	11%
ABC News/The Washington Post	September 18–21, 2022	908 (RV)	± 3.5%	46%	48%	6%
Premise	September 16–19, 2022	1,703 (A)	–	51%	49%	–
Echelon Insights	September 16–19, 2022	1,056 (LV)	± 3.8%	47%	44%	9%
Refield & Wilton Strategies	September 14–15, 2022	1,163 (LV)	–	43%	40%	17%
Marquette University	September 6–14, 2022	1,282 (RV)	± 3.6%	42%	36%	22%
Siena College/The New York Times	September 6–14, 2022	1,399 (RV)	–	45%	42%	13%
Harvard/Harris	September 7–8, 2022	1,854 (RV)	–	42%	45%	13%
Echelon Insights	August 31 – September 7, 2022	1,228 (LV)	± 3.5%	46%	45%	9%
YouGov/Yahoo News	September 2–6, 2022	1,247 (RV)	± 2.6%	48%	42%	10%
Premise	September 2–5, 2022	1,185 (RV)	–	51%	49%	–
Redfield & Wilton Strategies	August 28, 2022	1,050 (LV)	–	40%	42%	18%
Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research	August 17–25, 2022	1,313 (RV)	–	50%	44%	6%
Emerson College	August 23–24, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	42%	15%
McLaughlin & Associates	August 20–24, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	45%	49%	6%
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	1,054 (LV)	± 3.6%	47%	42%	11%
YouGov/Yahoo News	August 18–22, 2022	1,185 (RV)	–	46%	42%	12%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	August 17, 2022	1,156 (LV)	–	39%	42%	19%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 28 – August 1, 2022	1,152 (RV)	–	45%	42%	13%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	July 29, 2022	1,094 (LV)	–	35%	42%	23%
Harvard/Harris	July 27–28, 2022	1,885 (RV)	–	41%	45%	14%
Rasmussen Reports	July 26–27, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	40%	46%	14%
Suffolk University	July 22–25, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	45%	41%	14%
Emerson College	July 19–20, 2022	1,078 (RV)	± 2.9%	43%	46%	11%
Echelon Insights	July 15–18, 2022	1,022 (LV)	–	46%	44%	10%
The Trafalgar Group (R)	July 11–14, 2022	1,085 (LV)	± 2.9%	43%	48%	10%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 8–11, 2022	1,261 (RV)	–	44%	43%	13%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	July 9, 2022	1,078 (LV)	–	41%	43%	16%
The New York Times/Siena College	July 5–7, 2022	849 (RV)	± 4.1%	44%	41%	14%
Harvard/Harris	June 28–29, 2022	1,308 (RV)	–	40%	43%	17%
Emerson College	June 28–29, 2022	1,271 (RV)	± 2.7%	39%	44%	17%
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 24–27, 2022	1,239 (RV)	–	46%	43%	11%
McLaughlin & Associates	June 17–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	49%	7%
Echelon Insights	June 17–20, 2022	1,030 (LV)	–	45%	43%	12%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	June 15, 2022	1,064 (LV)	–	38%	41%	21%
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 10–13, 2022	1,243 (RV)	–	42%	44%	14%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	May 30, 2022	1,173 (LV)	–	38%	42%	20%
Emerson College	May 24–25, 2022	1,148 (RV)	± 2.8%	42%	44%	14%
Echelon Insights	May 20–23, 2022	1,020 (LV)	–	45%	44%	11%
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 19–22, 2022	1,360 (RV)	–	44%	42%	14%
Harvard/Harris	May 18–19, 2022	1,963 (RV)	–	42%	45%	13%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	May 17, 2022	1,120 (LV)	–	39%	42%	19%
Rasmussen Reports	April 28 – May 2, 2022	1,004 (LV)	± 3.0%	36%	50%	14%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	May 1, 2022	1,096 (LV)	–	40%	44%	16%
Emerson College	April 25–26, 2022	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	42%	43%	15%
McLaughlin & Associates	April 22–26, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	43%	50%	7%
Morning Consult	April 22–25, 2022	2,004 (RV)	± 2.0%	45%	44%	11%
InsiderAdvantage (R)	April 21–23, 2022	750 (RV)	± 3.6%	43%	47%	10%
YouGov/Yahoo News	April 19–22, 2022	1,187 (RV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Harvard/Harris	April 20–21, 2022	1,966 (RV)	–	43%	45%	12%
Echelon Insights	April 18–20, 2022	1,001 (LV)	–	45%	44%	11%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	April 18, 2022	1,500 (LV)	–	41%	43%	16%
YouGov/Yahoo News	March 31 – April 4, 2022	1,233 (RV)	–	45%	40%	15%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	April 3, 2022	1,205 (LV)	–	38%	43%	19%
Marquette Law School	March 14–24, 2022	1,004 (A)	± 4.0%	41%	37%	22%
Harvard/Harris	March 23–24, 2022	1,990 (RV)	–	41%	47%	12%
McLaughlin & Associates	March 17–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	46%	49%	5%
Echelon Insights	March 18–21, 2022	1,050 (RV)	–	46%	44%	10%
University of Massachusetts Lowell	March 15–21, 2022	873 (RV)	± 3.7%	44%	42%	14%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	March 20, 2022	1,193 (LV)	–	41%	41%	18%
Emerson College	March 18–20, 2022	1,023 (RV)	± 3.0%	42%	45%	13%
YouGov/Yahoo News	March 10–14, 2022	1,225 (RV)	–	47%	39%	14%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	March 8, 2022	1,194 (LV)	–	40%	42%	18%
Wall Street Journal	March 2–7, 2022	1,500 (RV)	–	45%	45%	9%
Schoen Cooperman Research	March 2–6, 2022	800 (LV)	–	44%	44%	12%
YouGov/Yahoo News	February 24–27, 2022	1,532 (A)	± 2.9%	40%	39%	21%
NewsNation	February 23–24, 2022	1,046 (RV)	–	37%	41%	22%
Harvard/Harris	February 23–24, 2022	2,026 (RV)	–	42%	48%	10%
Echelon Insights	February 19–23, 2022	1,078 (RV)	–	45%	43%	12%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	February 23, 2022	1,367 (LV)	–	42%	38%	20%
McLaughlin & Associates	February 16–22, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	45%	48%	7%
Emerson College	February 19–20, 2022	1,138 (RV)	± 2.8%	44%	48%	8%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	February 6, 2022	1,406 (LV)	–	41%	41%	18%
YouGov/Yahoo News	January 20–24, 2022	1,568 (A)	± 2.8%	42%	40%	18%
Morning Consult	January 22–23, 2022	2,005 (RV)	± 2.0%	45%	44%	11%
Echelon Insights	January 21–23, 2022	1,098 (RV)	–	47%	43%	10%
Marquette Law School Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine[lower-alpha 359]	January 10–21, 2022	1,000 (A)	–	43%	33%	24%
Harvard/Harris	January 19–20, 2022	1,815 (RV)	–	40%	46%	14%
McLaughlin & Associates	January 13–18, 2022	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	49%	7%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	January 8–9, 2022	1,430 (LV)	–	39%	38%	23%
PMC/John Bolton Super Pac	January 6, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.1%	45%	44%	11%
Rasmussen Reports	January 5, 2022	1,015 (LV)	± 3.0%	40%	46%	14%
InsiderAdvantage (R)	December 17–19, 2021	750 (RV)	± 3.6%	41%	49%	10%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	December 18, 2021	1,411 (LV)	–	34%	39%	27%
YouGov/Yahoo News	December 9–13, 2021	1,558 (A)	–	47%	41%	12%
Echelon Insights	December 9–13, 2021	1,098 (RV)	–	47%	44%	9%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	December 5, 2021	1,387 (LV)	–	38%	42%	20%
Harvard/Harris	November 30 – December 2, 2021	1,989 (RV)	–	45%	48%	7%
Rasmussen Reports	November 22–23, 2021	1,200 (LV)	± 3.0%	32%	45%	23%
Wall Street Journal	November 16–22, 2021	1,500 (RV)	–	46%	45%	10%
Echelon Insights	November 12–18, 2021	1,013 (RV)	–	45%	45%	10%
McLaughlin & Associates	November 11–16, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	44%	49%	7%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	November 15, 2021	1,500 (RV)	–	35%	41%	24%
Marquette Law School Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine[lower-alpha 360]	November 1–10, 2021	1,004 (A)	–	42%	34%	24%
YouGov/Yahoo News	November 4–8, 2021	1,673 (A)	–	43%	39%	18%
Suffolk University	November 3–5, 2021	1,000 (RV)	± 3.1%	40%	44%	16%
Emerson College	November 3–4, 2021	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	43%	45%	12%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	October 31, 2021	1,387 (LV)	–	42%	42%	16%
Harvard/Harris	October 26–28, 2021	1,578 (LV)	–	45%	46%	9%
YouGov/Yahoo News	October 19–21, 2021	1,704 (A)	–	43%	40%	17%
Echelon Insights	October 15–19, 2021	1,098 (RV)	–	48%	42%	10%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	October 17, 2021	1,366 (LV)	–	42%	40%	18%
Selzer and Company/Grinnell College	October 13–17, 2021	745 (LV)	± 3.6%	40%	40%	19%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	October 4–6, 2021	1,345 (LV)	–	43%	41%	16%
Echelon Insights	September 17–23, 2021	1,005 (RV)	–	50%	39%	11%
Rasmussen Reports	September 21–22, 2021	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	41%	51%	8%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	September 19–20, 2021	1,330 (LV)	–	42%	40%	18%
McLaughlin & Associates	September 9–14, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	47%	50%	3%
Redfield and Wilton Strategies	September 4–5, 2021	1,357 (LV)	–	45%	42%	13%
Emerson College	August 30 – September 1, 2021	1,200 (RV)	± 2.7%	46%	47%	7%
Rasmussen Reports	August 16–17, 2021	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	37%	43%	20%
YouGov/Yahoo News	July 30 – August 2, 2021	1,552 (A)	–	47%	37%	16%
PMC/John Bolton Super Pac	July 8, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	46%	43%	11%
YouGov/Yahoo News	June 22–24, 2021	1,592 (A)	–	47%	35%	18%
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 24–26, 2021	1,588 (A)	–	46%	36%	18%
YouGov/Yahoo News	May 11–13, 2021	1,561 (A)	–	48%	36%	16%
Ipsos/Reuters	April 12–16, 2021	1,106 (A)	–	45%	28%	27%
PMC/John Bolton Super Pac	April 3–7, 2021	1,000 (LV)	–	46%	42%	12%

Joe Biden versus Donald Trump versus Liz Cheney

Poll source	Date	Sample size[lower-alpha 2]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Liz Cheney Independent	Other/ Undecided
Ipsos/Reuters	February 6–13, 2023	915 (RV)	± 4.0%	32%	39%	15%	14%
Premise	September 2–5, 2022	1,185 (RV)	–	37%	42%	21%	–
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	1,054 (LV)	± 3.6%	38%	41%	12%	9%
YouGov/Yahoo News	August 18–22, 2022	1,185 (RV)	–	32%	40%	11%	17%

Joe Biden versus Donald Trump versus Andrew Yang

Poll source	Date	Sample size[lower-alpha 2]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Andrew Yang Forward	Other/ Undecided
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	1,054 (LV)	± 3.6%	43%	39%	8%	10%
Echelon Insights	October 15–19, 2021	1,098 (RV)	–	44%	40%	5%	11%

Joe Biden versus Ron DeSantis versus Donald Trump

Poll source	Date	Sample size[lower-alpha 2]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Ron DeSantis Republican	Donald Trump Independent	Other/ Undecided
Ipsos/Reuters	May 9–15, 2023	4,415 (A)	–	37%	19%	22%	22%
Ipsos/Reuters	April 21–24, 2023	1,005 (A)	–	38%	19%	22%	21%
Echelon Insights	August 19–22, 2022	1,054 (LV)	± 3.6%	46%	23%	21%	10%

Joe Biden versus generic Republican

Poll source	Date	Sample size[lower-alpha 2]	Margin of error	Joe Biden Democratic	Generic Republican	Other/ Undecided
NBC News	April 14–18, 2023	800 (RV)	± 3.5%	41%	47%	12%
Morning Consult	April 22–25, 2022	2,004 (RV)	± 2.0%	39%	46%	15%
Morning Consult	January 22–23, 2022	2,005 (RV)	± 2.0%	37%	46%	17%

Notes

Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear
Someone Else at 0%; Undecided at 3%
Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 7%; Would Not Vote at 3%
Cheney at 3%; Pompeo at 1%; Other at 2%
Someone Else at 1%
"No opinion" at 8%; Ryan Binkley at 0%
Youngkin at 0.8%; Suarez at 0.1%
Don't know/Unsure at 5%; Someone else at 1%; Binkley and Stapleton at 0%
Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 10%
Cheney at 1%; Someone Else at 2%; Don't know at 6%
Someone Else at 1%; Unsure at 3%
Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 10%; Would Not Vote at 4%
Undecided at 6%
Undecided at 16%
Someone Else at 1%
Other at 3%; Don't Know at 20%
Binkley at 0.2%; Undecided at 3.1%
Other at 4%; No Opinion at 6%
Other at 1%; None at 2%; Would Not Vote at 1%
Binkley at 1%; Stapleton at 1%; Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Don't Know at 7%
Undecided at 5.2%
Not Sure at 9%; Would Not Vote at 2%
Other at 7%
Someone Else at 1%
Binkley at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Don't Know at 9%
Cheney and Youngkin at 1%; Don't Know at 7%; None at 1%; Other at 0%
Someone Else 1%; Not Sure at 6%; Would Not Vote 5%
Undecided at 3%, Refused at 1%
Binkley at 0%; Stapleton at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Unsure at 7%
Someone Else at 1%
Cheney at 3%; Cruz at 2%; Pompeo at 1%; Other at 1%
Binkley at 0%; Suarez at 0%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%
Someone Else at 1%
Someone Else at 7%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Unsure at 5%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; No Opinion at 1%
Suarez at 0%; Undecided at 4%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 11%; Would Not Vote at 6%
Youngkin at 0.4%; Suarez at 0.3%
Binkley at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Someone Else and Stapleton at 0%; Undecided at 6%
Binkley at 0.5%; Someone Else at 1.5%
Suarez at 0.3%; Undecided at 7.6%
Suarez at 0%; Don't Know at 16%
Uncertain at 8%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%
Unsure at 3.8%
Binkley and Suarez at 0.2%; No Opinion at 5.7%
Cheney at 0%; Don't Know at 9%; Someone Else at 2%
Suarez at 0%; Undecided at 11%
Binkley at 0%; Suarez at 0%
Suarez at 0%; Not Sure at 14%; Would Not Vote at 2%
Cheney and Cruz at 2%; Pompeo at 1%; Other at 3%
Binkley at 1%; Stapleton at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 2%; Unsure at 9%
Binkley at 0.2%; Suarez at 0.1%; No Opinion at 11.5%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%
Suarez at 0%
Undecided at 10.8%
Binkley at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Undecided at 6%
Someone Else at 2.3%; Undecided at 7.6%
Suarez at 0.3%; Undecided at 12%
Suarez at 2%; Undecided at 9%
Binkley at 0.2%; Suarez at 0.1%; Undecided at 2.0%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else 1%; Not Sure at 11%; Would Not Vote 4%
Suarez at 0%
Cheney, Cruz, Hogan, Noem, Pompeo, Suarez, Sununu, and Youngkin at 0%; Someone Else at 0%; Wouldn't Vote at 0%; Undecided at 4%; Refused at 1%
Suarez at 1%; Someone Else at 1%
Uncertain at 13%
Cheney and Cruz at 2%; Pompeo at 0%; Other at 2%
Other at 0%; Don't Know at 6%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%
Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 9%
Youngkin at 1%; Cheney at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Other at 1%; None at 1%; Don't Know at 14%
Suarez at 0.6%; Binkley at 0.2%; Other at 0%; Undecided at 8.8%
Suarez at 0%; Someone else at 1%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Unsure at 4%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Don't Know at 13%
Binkley at 0.1%; Someone Else at 1.7%
Cheney and Cruz at 2%; Pompeo at 1%; Other at 4%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 9%; Would Not Vote at 3%
Cheney at 2%; Romney at 1%; Perry at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Undecided at 9%
Suarez at 0%; Someone else at 1%
Other at 1%; Undecided at 9%
Binkley at 1%; Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Unsure at 8%
Suarez at 0%; None of These at 2%; Don’t Know at 4%
Suarez at 0%; Unsure at 12%; Would Not Vote at 1%
Suarez at 0%; Undecided at 3%
Cheney and Sununu at 1%; Youngkin and Suarez at 0%; Other at 1%; None at 1%; Don't Know at 7%
Suarez at 0%; Someone else at 1%
Cheney at 2%; Cruz and Pompeo at 1%; Other at 5%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 2%; Not Sure at 10%; Would Not Vote at 1%
Suarez at 0%; Someone else at 1%
Not sure at 9%
Suarez at 1%; Perry and Youngkin at 0%; Unsure at 6%
Suarez at 0%; Don't Know at 3%, None of the above 1%
Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%
Someone Else at 2%
None at 3%; Other at 0%
Suarez at 0%; Not Sure at 9%; Would Not Vote at 1%
Someone Else at 1%
Cheney and Suarez at 1%; Perry at 0%; Undecided at 7%
Someone else and no opinion at 1%
Unsure at 7%
Someone Else at 2%; Unsure at 9%
Binkley at 0.4%; Someone Else at 2.1%
Not Sure at 11%, Would Not Vote at 3%
Someone else with 1%
Others/Undecided at 17%
Cheney at 2%; Abbot, Noem, and someone else at 1%
Others/Undecided at 10%
Liz Cheney with 4%; Ted Cruz with 3%; Mike Pompeo with 1%; Other with 3%
Someone Else with 5%
Cheney at 2%; Abbott, Noem, and Someone Else at 1%
Romney with 3%; Cheney and Perry with 1%; Abbott, Bolton, Sununu, and Youngkin with 0%; Undecided at 8%
Cheney at 2%; Abbott, Noem, Sununu, and Youngkin at 1%; Suarez at 0%; Others/Undecided at 6%
Youngkin, Sununu, Noem, Cheney, at 1%; Undecided at 4%
Cheney at 2%; Abbott and Someone Else at 1%; Noem at 0%; Undecided at 2%
Chris Sununu at 1%; No opinion at 1%
Cruz at 3%; Rubio at 1%; Other/Undecided at 8%
Other at 0.0%; Undecided at 11.3%
Chris Sununu with 1%; Undecided with 16%
Others/Undecided at 5%
Sununu with 1%; Others/Undecided with 14%
Cheney at 2%; Abbott at 1%; Noem at 0%, Someone Else at 2%
Liz Cheney at 2%; Greg Abbott and Kristi Noem at 1%
Others/Undecided with 10%
Other/Undecided at 5%
Cruz at 3%, Cheney at 1%, Pompeo at 0%, Other at 3%
Cheney and at 2%; Abbott, Noem, and Someone Else at 1%
Someone else at 4%
Cheney with 2%
Sununu at 1%; Others/Undecided at 17%
Cheney with 3%; Abbot, Noem, Youngkin, and someone else at 1%
Undecided with 14.5%
Cruz and Rubio with 1%, Someone Else with 2%
Others with 2%
Noem, Youngkin, Sununu at 1%, Others/Undecided at 14%
Cheney at 2%; Abbot, Noem, and Undecided at 1%
Cheney at 3%; Abbot, Noem, Pompeo, and Undecided at 1%
Cheney with 3%, Pompeo and Youngkin with 1%, Sununu with 0%, Other with 0%
Cheney at 3%; Pompeo and Sununu at 1%, Youngkin with 0%, Other with 1%
Cheney 2%; Abbot, Pompeo, with 1%, others 1%.
Cheney with 10.3%, Pompeo with 1.1%, Youngkin with 0.5%, Sununu with 0.1%
Noem, Pompeo, Sununu with 1%, Youngkin with 0%, Someone Else with 0%
Pompeo with 2%, Cheney, Hogan, and Youngkin with 0%
Noem with 1%, Hawley, Pompeo, R. Scott, Sununu, Youngkin with 0%, Someone Else with 1%
Cheney with 3%; Abbott, Noem, Pompeo, Youngkin with 1%
Noem with 1.5%, Pompeo with 1.2%, Undecided with 14.0%
Cheney with 3%, Abbott with 2%, Noem, Pompeo, and Sununu with 1%, Suarez and Youngkin with 0%, Other with 1%
Cheney with 3%; Abbott with 2%; Noem, Pompeo, Sununu with 1%
Cruz and Noem with 2%; Pompeo, Youngkin, and Sununu with 1%
Cruz with 2%, Pompeo and Rubio with 1%, Someone Else with 2%
Cruz, Paul, and Rice with 1%, Pompeo with <1%, Others with 3%
Liz Cheney with 3%; Greg Abbott, Kristi Noem, Mike Pompeo, Glenn Youngkin with 1%
Someone else with 10.4%
Cheney and Cruz with 2%; Noem, Pompeo, and Sununu with 1%; Youngkin with 0%; Undecided with 5%
Chris Sununu with 2%, Mike Pompeo and Glenn Youngkin with 1%; Someone else with 3%; "No opinion" with 1%
Ted Cruz with 4%; Liz Cheney with 3%, Other with 4%
Liz Cheney with 2%; Greg Abbott, Kristi Noem, Mike Pompeo, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%
Pompeo with 3%; Cheney with 1%; Hogan and Youngkin with 0%, Not Sure with 15%
Cruz with 2%, Pompeo with 1%, Rubio with 0%, Unsure with 17%
Hogan, Noem, and Pompeo with 1%, Sununu with 0%, Someone Else with 4%
Liz Cheney with 3%; Abbott, Noem, Pompeo with 1%; Youngkin with 0%
Romney with 3%, Cheney and Pompeo with 2%, Abbott, Bolton, Hogan, Sununu, and Youngkin with 1%, Undecided with 9%
Abbott and Liz Cheney with 2%; Noem, Pompeo, Youngkin with 1%; Hogan, Suarez and Sununu with 0%, Others with 5%
Noem with 1%
Someone Else with 10.8%
Pompeo with 3%, Rubio with 2%, Cruz with 1%, Someone Else with 1%, Unsure with 9%
Noem with 1%
Undecided with 5%
Pompeo with 4%, Cruz with 2%, Cheney with 1%, Hogan, Noem, Sununu, and Youngkin with 0%, Undecided with 4%
Noem with 1%
Cheney with 1.9%, Pompeo with 1.8%, Hogan with 1.2%, Youngkin with 0.6%, Sununu with 0.5%, Other with 0.6%
Noem with 1%
Noem with 1%
Pompeo with 3%, Cruz, Hogan, Noem, and Rubio with 1%, Other with 2%, Undecided with 11%
Noem with 1%
Cruz, Paul, and Pompeo with 1%, Others with 4%
Noem with 1%
Noem with 1%
Noem with 1%
Romney with 2%; Bolton, Gabbard, Hawley, Noem Rick Scott and Suarez with 0%
Cheney with 3%, Kasich and Romney with 2%, Hogan, Pompeo, and Youngkin with 1%, Abbott, Bolton, Rubio, and Sununu with 0%, Undecided with 8%
Noem with 1%
Cheney with 3.6%, Cruz with 3.4%, Hogan with 0.7%, Hawley with 0.4%, Someone Else with 2.1%
Cheney with 4%, Noem, Hogan, Sununu, and Youngkin with 1%, Would Not Vote with 1%, Undecided with 13%
Cruz with 3.5%, Cheney with 2.7%, Sununu with 1.1%, Youngkin with 0.8%, Someone Else with 2.2%
Rubio with 3%
Cotton with 1%
Noem with 1%
Noem with 1%
Cruz with 2%, Youngkin with 0%, someone else with 1%
Noem with 1%
Noem with 1%
Cruz with 3%, Abbott, Carlson, and Cheney with 2%; Pompeo and Youngkin with 1%, Bolton, Hogan, and Sununu with 0%, Someone Else with 3%
Noem with 0%
Noem with 0%
Noem with 0%
Noem with 1%
Noem with 1%
Noem with 1%
Noem with 1%
Christie with 1%
Noem with 0%
Noem with 1%
Noem, Romney, Christie and Gabbard with 1%; Bolton, Hawley, Kemp, Suarez and Rick Scott with 0%
Kristi Noem with 2%; Rick Scott, Romney, Christie and Gabbard with 1%; Hawley, Kemp, Suarez and Bolton with 0%
Christie with 1%; Bolton, Kemp, Noem, Hutchinson, Hawley, Rick Scott and Crenshaw with 0%
Noem with 0%
Mitt Romney with 2%; Kasich and Bolton with 1%
Noem with 1%
Noem with 1%
Noem with 1%
Chris Christie with 3%
Chris Christie with 2%
Noem with 1%
Donald Trump Jr. with 9%
Chris Christie with 4%
Marjorie Taylor Greene with 1%; Bolton with 0%
Mitt Romney with 2%; Hawley with 1%; Noem, Rick Scott and Christie with 0%
Hawley with 0%
Romney with 1%; Gabbard, Bolton, Suarez, Noem, Hawley, Christie and Rick Scott with 0%
Romney with 1%; Bolton, Gabbard, Suarez, Noem, Hawley, Christie and Rick Scott with 0%
Mitt Romney with 2%; Cotton with 1%; Christie, Rick Scott, Noem and Hawley with 0%
Kristi Noem with 2%; Tucker Carlson with 1%
Mitt Romney with 2%; Cotton and Noem with 1%; Rick Scott and Hawley with 0%
Mitt Romney with 2%; Christie with 1%; Cotton, Noem and Rick Scott with 0%
Tom Cotton with 4%; Romney, Bolton and Kasich with 1%
Cotton, Hutchinson, Hawley, Crenshaw, Kemp, Noem, Christie and Rick Scott with 0%
Mitt Romney with 2%; Cotton and Kasich with 1%; Owens, Rick Scott and Noem with 0%
Mitt Romney and John Bolton with 2%; Cotton and Kasich with 1%; Owens, Rick Scott and Noem with 0%
Mitt Romney with 3%; Cotton, Christie and Noem with 1%; Hawley with 0%
Cotton, Hawley and Noem with 1%; Rick Scott, Stefanik and Christie with 0%
Mitt Romney with 4%; John Bolton with 2%; Cotton and Kasich with 1%; Owens, Rick Scott and Noem with 0%
Christie with 2%
Christie with 1%
Noem and Christie with 1%; Cotton, Hawley and Rick Scott with 0%
Mitt Romney with 2%; Christie with 1%; Cotton, Noem and Rick Scott with 0%
Chris Christie with 2%; Rick Scott with 1%; Hawley, Stefanik, Cotton, Sasse and Noem with 0%
Chris Christie with 1%
Romney with 2%; Kristi Noem with 1%; Christie, Cotton, Hawley and Rick Scott with 0%
Romney, Noem and Christie with 1%; Cotton, Hawley and Rick Scott with 0%
Mitt Romney with 2%; Cotton, Christie with 1%; Hawley and Rick Scott with 0%
Mitt Romney with 2%; Cotton, Christie with 1%; Hawley and Rick Scott with 0%
Mitt Romney with 4%; Candace Owens with 3%; Cotton, Kasich with 1%; Bolton with 0%
Josh Hawley with 2%; Christie, Stefanik with 1%, Cotton, Sasse, Rick Scott, Noem with 0%
Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
Marco Rubio with 3%; Mike Pompeo with 2%; Tim Scott with 1%; and "Someone else" with 7%
"Someone else" with 4%; Greg Abbott with 2%
Glenn Youngkin with 1%, Tucker Carlson with 3%
Tucker Carlson, Josh Hawley, Tom Cotton, and Kristi Noem with 1%
Standard VI response
Candace Owens with 3%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%
Liz Cheney with 2%; Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%
Chris Christie with 7%; Kristi Noem with 3%, Josh Hawley with 1%
Liz Cheney and John Kasich with 2%; Tom Cotton, Candace Owens and Rick Scott with 1%; Kristi Noem with 0%
"Someone else" with 5%; Josh Hawley with 1%, Tom Cotton with 0%
John Kasich, Kristi Noem and Candace Owens with 2%; Liz Cheney with 1%; Tom Cotton and Rick Scott with 0%
Tucker Carlson with 2%, Kristi Noem with 1%; Tom Cotton with 0%
Tom Cotton, Larry Hogan, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Chris Christie and Rick Scott with 0%
Candace Owens with 4%; Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, John Kasich and Rick Scott with 1%; Kristi Noem with 0%
"Trump should not run again in 2024" as opposed to "Trump should run again in 2024" with 19%
22% of a full sample of 1,316 adults
"Do not want Trump to run" as opposed to "want Trump to run" with 30%
Candace Owens with 3%; John Kasich, Liz Cheney, Tucker Carlson, Rick Scott, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Tom Cotton with 0%
Would not vote with 4%; "Someone else" with 2%; Liz Cheney and Kristi Noem with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%
"Trump should not run again in 2024" as opposed to "Trump should run again in 2024" with 22%
Republican subsample of total sample of 1574 likely voters
"Unlikely or very unlikely to vote for Trump" as opposed to "Absolute will or likely to vote for Trump" with 24%; Would not vote with 3%
"Consider voting for Trump" with 8%; Undecided with 4%
John Kasich with 3%; Candace Owens with 2%; Tom Cotton, Rick Scott with 1%; Kristi Noem with 0%
Kristi Noem with 1%
Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley, Larry Hogan, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Chris Christie and Rick Scott with 0%
On whether voters thought they'd support a Trump primary campaign if he ran
"Would definitely not vote for Trump" with 16%
Candace Owens with 3%; Tom Cotton and John Kasich with 2%; Kristi Noem, Tucker Carlson, and Tim Scott with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%
"Someone else" with 12%; Josh Hawley with 2%, Tom Cotton with 1%
Would not vote with 5%; "Someone else" with 3%; Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley, Larry Hogan, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%
GOP and GOP-leaning subsample of a full sample of 1,006 registered voters
Among all adults (no Republican crosstab published). The same pollster showed 25% for Trump and 19% for Romney in November, when taking into account all voters and not only Republicans.[115]
Larry Hogan with 6%, Ben Sasse with 3%; Rick Scott with 2%; Josh Hawley, Ivanka Trump with 1%
Listed as "Skipped"
Would not vote with 6%; "Someone else" with 5%; Kristi Noem with 2%; Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley, and Rick Scott with 1%
Tucker Carlson with 3%, John Kasich and Kristi Noem with 2%; Tom Cotton with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%
"Would not like to see Trump run for president in 2024" with 21%
John Kasich with 3%; Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem, Tucker Carlson, and Rick Scott with 1%
Would not vote with 5%; "Someone else" with 3%; Kristi Noem, Josh Hawley, and Rick Scott with 1%; Charlie Baker with 0%
37% of the full sample of 1,500 2020 general election voters
Ivanka Trump and Tucker Carlson with 2%; Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley and Ben Sasse with 1%
Among 304 republican adults as opposed to all adults
Tucker Carlson with 4%, John Kasich and Rick Scott with 2%; Rick Santorum with 1%
Republican subsample of 1,200 registered voters
Respondents who think Trump should do something other than running for president in 2024 with 43%
"Someone else" at 3%; Christie at 2%; Binkley, Burgum, Hutchinson and Johnson at 1%; Elder, Hurd, Stapleton and Suarez at 0%
Christie at 4%; Elder at 2%; Binkley, Burgum, Hutchinson, Johnson, Stapleton and Suarez at 1%; Hurd at 0%; Someone Else at 4%
Liz Cheney with 3%; Greg Abbott with 2%; Chris Christie, Tom Cotton, Dan Crenshaw, Brian Kemp, Kristi Noem, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.
Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, and Candance Owens with 2%; John Bolton, Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Kristi Noem, and Rick Scott with 1%.
"Someone Else" with 3%; Chris Christie with 2%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.
Greg Abbott with 3%; Liz Cheney, John Kasich, Kristi Noem, and Candance Owens with 2%; John Bolton, Tom Cotton, Richard Grenell, and Rick Scott with 1%.
Liz Cheney with 3%; Greg Abbott, Kristi Noem, Rick Scott, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.
Chris Christie with 2%; Liz Cheney, Kristi Noem, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.
Candance Owens with 4%; Greg Abbott with 2%; Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Kristi Noem, and Rick Scott with 1%.
Liz Cheney with 2%; Greg Abbott, Chris Christie, Tom Cotton, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.
"Someone Else," with 6%; Glenn Youngkin with 4%; Greg Abbott with 3%.
"Someone Else," with 2%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, Chris Christie, Kristi Noem, Rick Scott, and Marjorie Taylor Greene with 1%.
Greg Abbott and Candance Owens with 3%; John Bolton, Tom Cotton, Liz Cheney, Richard Grenell, John Kasich, and Rick Scott with 1%.
"Someone Else," Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, and Tom Cotton with 1%.
Candance Owens with 3%; Greg Abbott with 2%; Tom Cotton and Kristi Noem with 1%.
Liz Cheney, Kristi Noem, and Rick Scott with 1%.
Liz Cheney and Tom Cotton with 2%; Greg Abbott, Chris Christie, Kristi Noem, Ben Sasse, Rick Scott, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.
Candance Owens with 4%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, John Kasich, and Kristi Noem with 2%; Liz Cheney and Rick Scott with 1%.
"Someone Else" with 14%; Liz Cheney, Chris Christie, and Kristi Noem with 1%.
Liz Cheney with 2%; Greg Abbott, Chris Christie, Tom Cotton, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.
Candance Owens with 3%; Greg Abbot, Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, and Kristi Noem with 1%.
Liz Cheney with 3%; Greg Abbott with 2%, Chris Christie and Kristi Noem with 1%.
Liz Cheney, Greg Abbott, Chris Christie, Glenn Youngkin, Rick Scott, and "Someone else" with 1%; Larry Hogan, Tom Cotton, Ben Sasse, and Kristi Noem with 0%.
Liz Cheney and Kristi Noem with 2%; "Someone else", Greg Abbott, Chris Christie and Tom Cotton with 1%; Josh Hawley, Larry Hogan, Ben Sasse and Rick Scott with 0%
Candace Owens with 5%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, John Kasich, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 2%; Tom Cotton with 1%
"Someone else" with 3%; Liz Cheney, Chris Christie, Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley and Kristi Noem with 1%; Greg Abbott, Ben Sasse, Rick Scott and Marjorie Taylor Greene with 0%
Candace Owens with 5%; Liz Cheney and John Kasich with 2%; Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%
"Someone else" with 8%; Tom Cotton with 1%
Candace Owens with 6%; Ivanka Trump with 5%; Kristi Noem with 2%; Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton and John Kasich with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%
No voters
"Someone else" with 1%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley and Kristi Noem with 1%; Chris Christie, Larry Hogan, Ben Sasse and Rick Scott with 0%
Kristi Noem with 2%; Tom Cotton and Rick Scott with 1%; Chris Christie with 0%
No voters
No voters
No voters
"Someone else" with 2%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, Chris Christie, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%; Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley and Ben Sasse with 0%
Ivanka Trump with 4%; Candace Owens with 3%; Liz Cheney with 2%; Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%
Candace Owens with 5%; Ivanka Trump with 3%; John Kasich with 2%; Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%
No voters
Liz Cheney with 3%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem, Ben Sasse and "Someone else" with 1%; Chris Christie and Rick Scott with 0%; Dave Portnoy with no voters
Republican subsample of total sample of 1574 likely voters
"Someone else" with 19%; Kristi Noem and Ben Sasse with 1%
No voters
No voters
Kristi Noem and "Someone else" with 1%; Greg Abbott, Dave Portnoy and Rick Scott with 0%; Tom Cotton and Ben Sasse with no voters
Candace Owens with 4%; Ivanka Trump with 3%; Tom Cotton, John Kasich with 2%; Rick Scott and Kristi Noem with 1%
Greg Abbott with 2%; "Someone else," Tom Cotton, Tim Scott, Kristi Noem, Ben Sasse, Rick Scott, Josh Hawley, and Dave Portnoy with 1% or less
Kristi Noem with 4%; Chris Christie, Tom Cotton and Rick Scott with 1%
Candace Owens with 4%; Ivanka Trump with 3%; Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Kristi Noem, and Tim Scott with 2%; Rick Scott with 1%
"Other" with 21%; Tom Cotton and Kristi Noem with 4%; Greg Abbott and Devin Nunes with 2%
"Someone else" with 16%; Tom Cotton with 3%
Dan Crenshaw, Kristi Noem, Ben Sasse and "Someone else" with 2%; Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Rand Paul with 1%; Greg Abbott, Dave Portnoy, and Elise Stefanik with 1% or less
GOP and GOP-leaning subsample of a full sample of 1,006 registered voters
Rand Paul with 3%; John Kasich and "Someone else" with 2%; Dan Crenshaw and Tom Cotton with 1%; Greg Abbott, Larry Hogan, Ben Sasse and Elise Stefanik with 0%
Among all adults (no Republican crosstab published). The same pollster showed 25% for Trump and 19% for Romney in November, when taking into account all voters and not only Republicans.[115]
Ben Sasse and Ivanka Trump with 3%; Rick Scott with 2%
Ivanka Trump with 4%; John Kasich with 3%; Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem with 2%; Rick Scott with 0%
Among 304 republican adults as opposed to all adults
Rick Santorum with 3%; John Kasich and Rick Scott with 2%
John Kasich with 2%; Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%
"Someone else" with 3%; Tom Cotton, Dan Crenshaw, Lindsey Graham and John Kasich with 2%; Ben Sasse and Elise Stefanik with 0%
Paul Ryan with 4%; Ivanka Trump with 3%; Kevin McCarthy with 2%
Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine

Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
Poll commissioned by the Republican Main Street Partnership
This poll was sponsored by Trump's campaign

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[115] Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.

[key-116] Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear

[117] Someone Else at 0%; Undecided at 3%

[118] Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 7%; Would Not Vote at 3%

[119] Cheney at 3%; Pompeo at 1%; Other at 2%

[120] Someone Else at 1%

[121] "No opinion" at 8%; Ryan Binkley at 0%

[122] Youngkin at 0.8%; Suarez at 0.1%

[123] Don't know/Unsure at 5%; Someone else at 1%; Binkley and Stapleton at 0%

[124] Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 10%

[125] Cheney at 1%; Someone Else at 2%; Don't know at 6%

[126] Someone Else at 1%; Unsure at 3%

[127] Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 10%; Would Not Vote at 4%

[128] Undecided at 6%

[129] Undecided at 16%

[130] Someone Else at 1%

[131] Other at 3%; Don't Know at 20%

[132] Binkley at 0.2%; Undecided at 3.1%

[133] Other at 4%; No Opinion at 6%

[134] Other at 1%; None at 2%; Would Not Vote at 1%

[135] Binkley at 1%; Stapleton at 1%; Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Don't Know at 7%

[136] Undecided at 5.2%

[137] Not Sure at 9%; Would Not Vote at 2%

[138] Other at 7%

[139] Someone Else at 1%

[141] Binkley at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Don't Know at 9%

[142] Cheney and Youngkin at 1%; Don't Know at 7%; None at 1%; Other at 0%

[143] Someone Else 1%; Not Sure at 6%; Would Not Vote 5%

[144] Undecided at 3%, Refused at 1%

[145] Binkley at 0%; Stapleton at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Unsure at 7%

[146] Someone Else at 1%

[147] Cheney at 3%; Cruz at 2%; Pompeo at 1%; Other at 1%

[148] Binkley at 0%; Suarez at 0%

[149] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%

[150] Someone Else at 1%

[151] Someone Else at 7%

[152] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Unsure at 5%

[153] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; No Opinion at 1%

[154] Suarez at 0%; Undecided at 4%

[155] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%

[156] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 11%; Would Not Vote at 6%

[157] Youngkin at 0.4%; Suarez at 0.3%

[158] Binkley at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Someone Else and Stapleton at 0%; Undecided at 6%

[159] Binkley at 0.5%; Someone Else at 1.5%

[160] Suarez at 0.3%; Undecided at 7.6%

[161] Suarez at 0%; Don't Know at 16%

[162] Uncertain at 8%

[163] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%

[164] Unsure at 3.8%

[165] Binkley and Suarez at 0.2%; No Opinion at 5.7%

[166] Cheney at 0%; Don't Know at 9%; Someone Else at 2%

[167] Suarez at 0%; Undecided at 11%

[168] Binkley at 0%; Suarez at 0%

[169] Suarez at 0%; Not Sure at 14%; Would Not Vote at 2%

[170] Cheney and Cruz at 2%; Pompeo at 1%; Other at 3%

[171] Binkley at 1%; Stapleton at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 2%; Unsure at 9%

[172] Binkley at 0.2%; Suarez at 0.1%; No Opinion at 11.5%

[173] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%

[174] Suarez at 0%

[175] Undecided at 10.8%

[177] Binkley at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Undecided at 6%

[178] Someone Else at 2.3%; Undecided at 7.6%

[179] Suarez at 0.3%; Undecided at 12%

[180] Suarez at 2%; Undecided at 9%

[181] Binkley at 0.2%; Suarez at 0.1%; Undecided at 2.0%

[182] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else 1%; Not Sure at 11%; Would Not Vote 4%

[183] Suarez at 0%

[184] Cheney, Cruz, Hogan, Noem, Pompeo, Suarez, Sununu, and Youngkin at 0%; Someone Else at 0%; Wouldn't Vote at 0%; Undecided at 4%; Refused at 1%

[185] Suarez at 1%; Someone Else at 1%

[186] Uncertain at 13%

[187] Cheney and Cruz at 2%; Pompeo at 0%; Other at 2%

[188] Other at 0%; Don't Know at 6%

[189] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%

[190] Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 9%

[191] Youngkin at 1%; Cheney at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Other at 1%; None at 1%; Don't Know at 14%

[192] Suarez at 0.6%; Binkley at 0.2%; Other at 0%; Undecided at 8.8%

[193] Suarez at 0%; Someone else at 1%

[194] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Unsure at 4%

[195] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Don't Know at 13%

[196] Binkley at 0.1%; Someone Else at 1.7%

[197] Cheney and Cruz at 2%; Pompeo at 1%; Other at 4%

[198] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Not Sure at 9%; Would Not Vote at 3%

[199] Cheney at 2%; Romney at 1%; Perry at 0%; Suarez at 0%; Undecided at 9%

[200] Suarez at 0%; Someone else at 1%

[201] Other at 1%; Undecided at 9%

[202] Binkley at 1%; Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%; Unsure at 8%

[203] Suarez at 0%; None of These at 2%; Don’t Know at 4%

[204] Suarez at 0%; Unsure at 12%; Would Not Vote at 1%

[205] Suarez at 0%; Undecided at 3%

[206] Cheney and Sununu at 1%; Youngkin and Suarez at 0%; Other at 1%; None at 1%; Don't Know at 7%

[207] Suarez at 0%; Someone else at 1%

[208] Cheney at 2%; Cruz and Pompeo at 1%; Other at 5%

[209] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 2%; Not Sure at 10%; Would Not Vote at 1%

[210] Suarez at 0%; Someone else at 1%

[211] Not sure at 9%

[212] Suarez at 1%; Perry and Youngkin at 0%; Unsure at 6%

[213] Suarez at 0%; Don't Know at 3%, None of the above 1%

[214] Suarez at 0%; Someone Else at 1%

[215] Someone Else at 2%

[216] None at 3%; Other at 0%

[217] Suarez at 0%; Not Sure at 9%; Would Not Vote at 1%

[218] Someone Else at 1%

[219] Cheney and Suarez at 1%; Perry at 0%; Undecided at 7%

[220] Someone else and no opinion at 1%

[221] Unsure at 7%

[222] Someone Else at 2%; Unsure at 9%

[223] Binkley at 0.4%; Someone Else at 2.1%

[224] Not Sure at 11%, Would Not Vote at 3%

[225] Someone else with 1%

[226] Others/Undecided at 17%

[227] Cheney at 2%; Abbot, Noem, and someone else at 1%

[228] Others/Undecided at 10%

[229] Liz Cheney with 4%; Ted Cruz with 3%; Mike Pompeo with 1%; Other with 3%

[230] Someone Else with 5%

[231] Cheney at 2%; Abbott, Noem, and Someone Else at 1%

[232] Romney with 3%; Cheney and Perry with 1%; Abbott, Bolton, Sununu, and Youngkin with 0%; Undecided at 8%

[233] Cheney at 2%; Abbott, Noem, Sununu, and Youngkin at 1%; Suarez at 0%; Others/Undecided at 6%

[234] Youngkin, Sununu, Noem, Cheney, at 1%; Undecided at 4%

[235] Cheney at 2%; Abbott and Someone Else at 1%; Noem at 0%; Undecided at 2%

[236] Chris Sununu at 1%; No opinion at 1%

[237] Cruz at 3%; Rubio at 1%; Other/Undecided at 8%

[238] Other at 0.0%; Undecided at 11.3%

[239] Chris Sununu with 1%; Undecided with 16%

[240] Others/Undecided at 5%

[241] Sununu with 1%; Others/Undecided with 14%

[242] Cheney at 2%; Abbott at 1%; Noem at 0%, Someone Else at 2%

[243] Liz Cheney at 2%; Greg Abbott and Kristi Noem at 1%

[244] Others/Undecided with 10%

[245] Other/Undecided at 5%

[246] Cruz at 3%, Cheney at 1%, Pompeo at 0%, Other at 3%

[247] Cheney and at 2%; Abbott, Noem, and Someone Else at 1%

[248] Someone else at 4%

[249] Cheney with 2%

[250] Sununu at 1%; Others/Undecided at 17%

[251] Cheney with 3%; Abbot, Noem, Youngkin, and someone else at 1%

[252] Undecided with 14.5%

[253] Cruz and Rubio with 1%, Someone Else with 2%

[254] Others with 2%

[255] Noem, Youngkin, Sununu at 1%, Others/Undecided at 14%

[256] Cheney at 2%; Abbot, Noem, and Undecided at 1%

[257] Cheney at 3%; Abbot, Noem, Pompeo, and Undecided at 1%

[258] Cheney with 3%, Pompeo and Youngkin with 1%, Sununu with 0%, Other with 0%

[259] Cheney at 3%; Pompeo and Sununu at 1%, Youngkin with 0%, Other with 1%

[260] Cheney 2%; Abbot, Pompeo, with 1%, others 1%.

[261] Cheney with 10.3%, Pompeo with 1.1%, Youngkin with 0.5%, Sununu with 0.1%

[262] Noem, Pompeo, Sununu with 1%, Youngkin with 0%, Someone Else with 0%

[263] Pompeo with 2%, Cheney, Hogan, and Youngkin with 0%

[264] Noem with 1%, Hawley, Pompeo, R. Scott, Sununu, Youngkin with 0%, Someone Else with 1%

[265] Cheney with 3%; Abbott, Noem, Pompeo, Youngkin with 1%

[266] Noem with 1.5%, Pompeo with 1.2%, Undecided with 14.0%

[267] Cheney with 3%, Abbott with 2%, Noem, Pompeo, and Sununu with 1%, Suarez and Youngkin with 0%, Other with 1%

[268] Cheney with 3%; Abbott with 2%; Noem, Pompeo, Sununu with 1%

[269] Cruz and Noem with 2%; Pompeo, Youngkin, and Sununu with 1%

[270] Cruz with 2%, Pompeo and Rubio with 1%, Someone Else with 2%

[271] Cruz, Paul, and Rice with 1%, Pompeo with <1%, Others with 3%

[272] Liz Cheney with 3%; Greg Abbott, Kristi Noem, Mike Pompeo, Glenn Youngkin with 1%

[273] Someone else with 10.4%

[274] Cheney and Cruz with 2%; Noem, Pompeo, and Sununu with 1%; Youngkin with 0%; Undecided with 5%

[275] Chris Sununu with 2%, Mike Pompeo and Glenn Youngkin with 1%; Someone else with 3%; "No opinion" with 1%

[276] Ted Cruz with 4%; Liz Cheney with 3%, Other with 4%

[277] Liz Cheney with 2%; Greg Abbott, Kristi Noem, Mike Pompeo, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%

[278] Pompeo with 3%; Cheney with 1%; Hogan and Youngkin with 0%, Not Sure with 15%

[279] Cruz with 2%, Pompeo with 1%, Rubio with 0%, Unsure with 17%

[280] Hogan, Noem, and Pompeo with 1%, Sununu with 0%, Someone Else with 4%

[281] Liz Cheney with 3%; Abbott, Noem, Pompeo with 1%; Youngkin with 0%

[282] Romney with 3%, Cheney and Pompeo with 2%, Abbott, Bolton, Hogan, Sununu, and Youngkin with 1%, Undecided with 9%

[283] Abbott and Liz Cheney with 2%; Noem, Pompeo, Youngkin with 1%; Hogan, Suarez and Sununu with 0%, Others with 5%

[284] Noem with 1%

[285] Someone Else with 10.8%

[286] Pompeo with 3%, Rubio with 2%, Cruz with 1%, Someone Else with 1%, Unsure with 9%

[287] Noem with 1%

[288] Undecided with 5%

[289] Pompeo with 4%, Cruz with 2%, Cheney with 1%, Hogan, Noem, Sununu, and Youngkin with 0%, Undecided with 4%

[290] Noem with 1%

[291] Cheney with 1.9%, Pompeo with 1.8%, Hogan with 1.2%, Youngkin with 0.6%, Sununu with 0.5%, Other with 0.6%

[292] Noem with 1%

[293] Noem with 1%

[294] Pompeo with 3%, Cruz, Hogan, Noem, and Rubio with 1%, Other with 2%, Undecided with 11%

[295] Noem with 1%

[296] Cruz, Paul, and Pompeo with 1%, Others with 4%

[297] Noem with 1%

[298] Noem with 1%

[299] Noem with 1%

[300] Romney with 2%; Bolton, Gabbard, Hawley, Noem Rick Scott and Suarez with 0%

[301] Cheney with 3%, Kasich and Romney with 2%, Hogan, Pompeo, and Youngkin with 1%, Abbott, Bolton, Rubio, and Sununu with 0%, Undecided with 8%

[302] Noem with 1%

[303] Cheney with 3.6%, Cruz with 3.4%, Hogan with 0.7%, Hawley with 0.4%, Someone Else with 2.1%

[304] Cheney with 4%, Noem, Hogan, Sununu, and Youngkin with 1%, Would Not Vote with 1%, Undecided with 13%

[305] Cruz with 3.5%, Cheney with 2.7%, Sununu with 1.1%, Youngkin with 0.8%, Someone Else with 2.2%

[306] Rubio with 3%

[307] Cotton with 1%

[308] Noem with 1%

[309] Noem with 1%

[310] Cruz with 2%, Youngkin with 0%, someone else with 1%

[311] Noem with 1%

[312] Noem with 1%

[313] Cruz with 3%, Abbott, Carlson, and Cheney with 2%; Pompeo and Youngkin with 1%, Bolton, Hogan, and Sununu with 0%, Someone Else with 3%

[314] Noem with 0%

[315] Noem with 0%

[316] Noem with 0%

[317] Noem with 1%

[318] Noem with 1%

[319] Noem with 1%

[320] Noem with 1%

[321] Christie with 1%

[322] Noem with 0%

[323] Noem with 1%

[324] Noem, Romney, Christie and Gabbard with 1%; Bolton, Hawley, Kemp, Suarez and Rick Scott with 0%

[325] Kristi Noem with 2%; Rick Scott, Romney, Christie and Gabbard with 1%; Hawley, Kemp, Suarez and Bolton with 0%

[326] Christie with 1%; Bolton, Kemp, Noem, Hutchinson, Hawley, Rick Scott and Crenshaw with 0%

[327] Noem with 0%

[328] Mitt Romney with 2%; Kasich and Bolton with 1%

[329] Noem with 1%

[330] Noem with 1%

[331] Noem with 1%

[332] Chris Christie with 3%

[333] Chris Christie with 2%

[334] Noem with 1%

[335] Donald Trump Jr. with 9%

[336] Chris Christie with 4%

[337] Marjorie Taylor Greene with 1%; Bolton with 0%

[338] Mitt Romney with 2%; Hawley with 1%; Noem, Rick Scott and Christie with 0%

[339] Hawley with 0%

[340] Romney with 1%; Gabbard, Bolton, Suarez, Noem, Hawley, Christie and Rick Scott with 0%

[341] Romney with 1%; Bolton, Gabbard, Suarez, Noem, Hawley, Christie and Rick Scott with 0%

[342] Mitt Romney with 2%; Cotton with 1%; Christie, Rick Scott, Noem and Hawley with 0%

[343] Kristi Noem with 2%; Tucker Carlson with 1%

[344] Mitt Romney with 2%; Cotton and Noem with 1%; Rick Scott and Hawley with 0%

[345] Mitt Romney with 2%; Christie with 1%; Cotton, Noem and Rick Scott with 0%

[346] Tom Cotton with 4%; Romney, Bolton and Kasich with 1%

[347] Cotton, Hutchinson, Hawley, Crenshaw, Kemp, Noem, Christie and Rick Scott with 0%

[348] Mitt Romney with 2%; Cotton and Kasich with 1%; Owens, Rick Scott and Noem with 0%

[349] Mitt Romney and John Bolton with 2%; Cotton and Kasich with 1%; Owens, Rick Scott and Noem with 0%

[350] Mitt Romney with 3%; Cotton, Christie and Noem with 1%; Hawley with 0%

[351] Cotton, Hawley and Noem with 1%; Rick Scott, Stefanik and Christie with 0%

[352] Mitt Romney with 4%; John Bolton with 2%; Cotton and Kasich with 1%; Owens, Rick Scott and Noem with 0%

[353] Christie with 2%

[354] Christie with 1%

[355] Noem and Christie with 1%; Cotton, Hawley and Rick Scott with 0%

[356] Mitt Romney with 2%; Christie with 1%; Cotton, Noem and Rick Scott with 0%

[357] Chris Christie with 2%; Rick Scott with 1%; Hawley, Stefanik, Cotton, Sasse and Noem with 0%

[358] Chris Christie with 1%

[359] Romney with 2%; Kristi Noem with 1%; Christie, Cotton, Hawley and Rick Scott with 0%

[360] Romney, Noem and Christie with 1%; Cotton, Hawley and Rick Scott with 0%

[361] Mitt Romney with 2%; Cotton, Christie with 1%; Hawley and Rick Scott with 0%

[362] Mitt Romney with 2%; Cotton, Christie with 1%; Hawley and Rick Scott with 0%

[363] Mitt Romney with 4%; Candace Owens with 3%; Cotton, Kasich with 1%; Bolton with 0%

[364] Josh Hawley with 2%; Christie, Stefanik with 1%, Cotton, Sasse, Rick Scott, Noem with 0%

[365] Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.

[366] Marco Rubio with 3%; Mike Pompeo with 2%; Tim Scott with 1%; and "Someone else" with 7%

[367] "Someone else" with 4%; Greg Abbott with 2%

[368] Glenn Youngkin with 1%, Tucker Carlson with 3%

[369] Tucker Carlson, Josh Hawley, Tom Cotton, and Kristi Noem with 1%

[standardvi-370] Standard VI response

[371] Candace Owens with 3%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%

[372] Liz Cheney with 2%; Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%

[373] Chris Christie with 7%; Kristi Noem with 3%, Josh Hawley with 1%

[374] Liz Cheney and John Kasich with 2%; Tom Cotton, Candace Owens and Rick Scott with 1%; Kristi Noem with 0%

[375] "Someone else" with 5%; Josh Hawley with 1%, Tom Cotton with 0%

[376] John Kasich, Kristi Noem and Candace Owens with 2%; Liz Cheney with 1%; Tom Cotton and Rick Scott with 0%

[377] Tucker Carlson with 2%, Kristi Noem with 1%; Tom Cotton with 0%

[378] Tom Cotton, Larry Hogan, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Chris Christie and Rick Scott with 0%

[379] Candace Owens with 4%; Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, John Kasich and Rick Scott with 1%; Kristi Noem with 0%

[380] "Trump should not run again in 2024" as opposed to "Trump should run again in 2024" with 19%

[381] 22% of a full sample of 1,316 adults

[382] "Do not want Trump to run" as opposed to "want Trump to run" with 30%

[383] Candace Owens with 3%; John Kasich, Liz Cheney, Tucker Carlson, Rick Scott, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Tom Cotton with 0%

[384] Would not vote with 4%; "Someone else" with 2%; Liz Cheney and Kristi Noem with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%

[385] "Trump should not run again in 2024" as opposed to "Trump should run again in 2024" with 22%

[386] Republican subsample of total sample of 1574 likely voters

[387] "Unlikely or very unlikely to vote for Trump" as opposed to "Absolute will or likely to vote for Trump" with 24%; Would not vote with 3%

[388] "Consider voting for Trump" with 8%; Undecided with 4%

[389] John Kasich with 3%; Candace Owens with 2%; Tom Cotton, Rick Scott with 1%; Kristi Noem with 0%

[390] Kristi Noem with 1%

[391] Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley, Larry Hogan, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Chris Christie and Rick Scott with 0%

[392] On whether voters thought they'd support a Trump primary campaign if he ran

[393] "Would definitely not vote for Trump" with 16%

[394] Candace Owens with 3%; Tom Cotton and John Kasich with 2%; Kristi Noem, Tucker Carlson, and Tim Scott with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%

[395] "Someone else" with 12%; Josh Hawley with 2%, Tom Cotton with 1%

[396] Would not vote with 5%; "Someone else" with 3%; Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley, Larry Hogan, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%

[397] GOP and GOP-leaning subsample of a full sample of 1,006 registered voters

[399] Among all adults (no Republican crosstab published). The same pollster showed 25% for Trump and 19% for Romney in November, when taking into account all voters and not only Republicans.[115]

[400] Larry Hogan with 6%, Ben Sasse with 3%; Rick Scott with 2%; Josh Hawley, Ivanka Trump with 1%

[401] Listed as "Skipped"

[402] Would not vote with 6%; "Someone else" with 5%; Kristi Noem with 2%; Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley, and Rick Scott with 1%

[403] Tucker Carlson with 3%, John Kasich and Kristi Noem with 2%; Tom Cotton with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%

[404] "Would not like to see Trump run for president in 2024" with 21%

[405] John Kasich with 3%; Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem, Tucker Carlson, and Rick Scott with 1%

[406] Would not vote with 5%; "Someone else" with 3%; Kristi Noem, Josh Hawley, and Rick Scott with 1%; Charlie Baker with 0%

[407] 37% of the full sample of 1,500 2020 general election voters

[408] Ivanka Trump and Tucker Carlson with 2%; Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley and Ben Sasse with 1%

[409] Among 304 republican adults as opposed to all adults

[410] Tucker Carlson with 4%, John Kasich and Rick Scott with 2%; Rick Santorum with 1%

[411] Republican subsample of 1,200 registered voters

[412] Respondents who think Trump should do something other than running for president in 2024 with 43%

[413] "Someone else" at 3%; Christie at 2%; Binkley, Burgum, Hutchinson and Johnson at 1%; Elder, Hurd, Stapleton and Suarez at 0%

[414] Christie at 4%; Elder at 2%; Binkley, Burgum, Hutchinson, Johnson, Stapleton and Suarez at 1%; Hurd at 0%; Someone Else at 4%

[415] Liz Cheney with 3%; Greg Abbott with 2%; Chris Christie, Tom Cotton, Dan Crenshaw, Brian Kemp, Kristi Noem, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.

[416] Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, and Candance Owens with 2%; John Bolton, Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Kristi Noem, and Rick Scott with 1%.

[417] "Someone Else" with 3%; Chris Christie with 2%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.

[418] Greg Abbott with 3%; Liz Cheney, John Kasich, Kristi Noem, and Candance Owens with 2%; John Bolton, Tom Cotton, Richard Grenell, and Rick Scott with 1%.

[419] Liz Cheney with 3%; Greg Abbott, Kristi Noem, Rick Scott, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.

[420] Chris Christie with 2%; Liz Cheney, Kristi Noem, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.

[421] Candance Owens with 4%; Greg Abbott with 2%; Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Kristi Noem, and Rick Scott with 1%.

[422] Liz Cheney with 2%; Greg Abbott, Chris Christie, Tom Cotton, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.

[423] "Someone Else," with 6%; Glenn Youngkin with 4%; Greg Abbott with 3%.

[424] "Someone Else," with 2%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, Chris Christie, Kristi Noem, Rick Scott, and Marjorie Taylor Greene with 1%.

[425] Greg Abbott and Candance Owens with 3%; John Bolton, Tom Cotton, Liz Cheney, Richard Grenell, John Kasich, and Rick Scott with 1%.

[426] "Someone Else," Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, and Tom Cotton with 1%.

[427] Candance Owens with 3%; Greg Abbott with 2%; Tom Cotton and Kristi Noem with 1%.

[428] Liz Cheney, Kristi Noem, and Rick Scott with 1%.

[429] Liz Cheney and Tom Cotton with 2%; Greg Abbott, Chris Christie, Kristi Noem, Ben Sasse, Rick Scott, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.

[430] Candance Owens with 4%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, John Kasich, and Kristi Noem with 2%; Liz Cheney and Rick Scott with 1%.

[431] "Someone Else" with 14%; Liz Cheney, Chris Christie, and Kristi Noem with 1%.

[432] Liz Cheney with 2%; Greg Abbott, Chris Christie, Tom Cotton, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%.

[433] Candance Owens with 3%; Greg Abbot, Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, and Kristi Noem with 1%.

[434] Liz Cheney with 3%; Greg Abbott with 2%, Chris Christie and Kristi Noem with 1%.

[435] Liz Cheney, Greg Abbott, Chris Christie, Glenn Youngkin, Rick Scott, and "Someone else" with 1%; Larry Hogan, Tom Cotton, Ben Sasse, and Kristi Noem with 0%.

[436] Liz Cheney and Kristi Noem with 2%; "Someone else", Greg Abbott, Chris Christie and Tom Cotton with 1%; Josh Hawley, Larry Hogan, Ben Sasse and Rick Scott with 0%

[437] Candace Owens with 5%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, John Kasich, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 2%; Tom Cotton with 1%

[438] "Someone else" with 3%; Liz Cheney, Chris Christie, Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley and Kristi Noem with 1%; Greg Abbott, Ben Sasse, Rick Scott and Marjorie Taylor Greene with 0%

[439] Candace Owens with 5%; Liz Cheney and John Kasich with 2%; Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%

[440] "Someone else" with 8%; Tom Cotton with 1%

[441] Candace Owens with 6%; Ivanka Trump with 5%; Kristi Noem with 2%; Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton and John Kasich with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%

[442] No voters

[443] "Someone else" with 1%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley and Kristi Noem with 1%; Chris Christie, Larry Hogan, Ben Sasse and Rick Scott with 0%

[444] Kristi Noem with 2%; Tom Cotton and Rick Scott with 1%; Chris Christie with 0%

[445] No voters

[446] No voters

[447] No voters

[448] "Someone else" with 2%; Greg Abbott, Liz Cheney, Chris Christie, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%; Tom Cotton, Josh Hawley and Ben Sasse with 0%

[449] Ivanka Trump with 4%; Candace Owens with 3%; Liz Cheney with 2%; Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%

[450] Candace Owens with 5%; Ivanka Trump with 3%; John Kasich with 2%; Liz Cheney, Tom Cotton, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Rick Scott with 0%

[451] No voters

[452] Liz Cheney with 3%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem, Ben Sasse and "Someone else" with 1%; Chris Christie and Rick Scott with 0%; Dave Portnoy with no voters

[453] Republican subsample of total sample of 1574 likely voters

[454] "Someone else" with 19%; Kristi Noem and Ben Sasse with 1%

[455] No voters

[456] No voters

[457] Kristi Noem and "Someone else" with 1%; Greg Abbott, Dave Portnoy and Rick Scott with 0%; Tom Cotton and Ben Sasse with no voters

[458] Candace Owens with 4%; Ivanka Trump with 3%; Tom Cotton, John Kasich with 2%; Rick Scott and Kristi Noem with 1%

[459] Greg Abbott with 2%; "Someone else," Tom Cotton, Tim Scott, Kristi Noem, Ben Sasse, Rick Scott, Josh Hawley, and Dave Portnoy with 1% or less

[460] Kristi Noem with 4%; Chris Christie, Tom Cotton and Rick Scott with 1%

[461] Candace Owens with 4%; Ivanka Trump with 3%; Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Kristi Noem, and Tim Scott with 2%; Rick Scott with 1%

[462] "Other" with 21%; Tom Cotton and Kristi Noem with 4%; Greg Abbott and Devin Nunes with 2%

[463] "Someone else" with 16%; Tom Cotton with 3%

[464] Dan Crenshaw, Kristi Noem, Ben Sasse and "Someone else" with 2%; Tom Cotton, John Kasich, Rand Paul with 1%; Greg Abbott, Dave Portnoy, and Elise Stefanik with 1% or less

[465] GOP and GOP-leaning subsample of a full sample of 1,006 registered voters

[466] Rand Paul with 3%; John Kasich and "Someone else" with 2%; Dan Crenshaw and Tom Cotton with 1%; Greg Abbott, Larry Hogan, Ben Sasse and Elise Stefanik with 0%

[467] Among all adults (no Republican crosstab published). The same pollster showed 25% for Trump and 19% for Romney in November, when taking into account all voters and not only Republicans.[115]

[468] Ben Sasse and Ivanka Trump with 3%; Rick Scott with 2%

[469] Ivanka Trump with 4%; John Kasich with 3%; Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem with 2%; Rick Scott with 0%

[470] Among 304 republican adults as opposed to all adults

[471] Rick Santorum with 3%; John Kasich and Rick Scott with 2%

[472] John Kasich with 2%; Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem and Rick Scott with 1%

[473] "Someone else" with 3%; Tom Cotton, Dan Crenshaw, Lindsey Graham and John Kasich with 2%; Ben Sasse and Elise Stefanik with 0%

[474] Paul Ryan with 4%; Ivanka Trump with 3%; Kevin McCarthy with 2%

[difference-475] Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.

[477] Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine

[478] Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine

[140] Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

[176] Poll commissioned by the Republican Main Street Partnership

[476] This poll was sponsored by Trump's campaign

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