List of wildfires

This is a list of notable wildfires.

See also: Wildfire and Firestorm

Africa

Asia

China
  • 1987 – The Black Dragon Fire burnt a total of 18 million acres (73,000 km2; 28,000 sq mi) of forest along the Amur River, with 3 million acres (12,000 km2; 4,700 sq mi) destroyed on the Chinese side alone and spread to the Soviet side.[1]

India

Indonesia

Israel

Kazakhstan

Malaysia

Mongolia

Pakistan

South East Asia

South Korea

Syria

Vietnam

Arctic
See also: Climate change in the Arctic

According to the WTO in June 2019 arctic wildfires emitted 50 megatonnes (55 million short tons; 49 million long tons) of CO2. This was more than between 2010 and 2018 combined. Most carbon release was from Alaska and Siberia, but also included other arctic areas e.g., in Canada. In Siberia the temperature was about 10 °C (18 °F) higher in June 2019 than the average. In Anchorage, Alaska, on 4 July 2019, the temperature was 32 °C (90 °F), setting a new all-time record high temperature for the town.[10]

Europe

Croatia

France

Germany

Greece
  • 1985 forest fires burnt 105,000 hectares with the worst affected being around Kavala in eastern Macedonia and Thasos Island in the north Aegean.[11]
  • 2000 forest fires were the worst forest fires to date and included the island of Samos in east Aegean and at Mount Mainalon and eastern Corinthia in the Peloponnese. The burnt area was 167,000 hectares which is the second highest in recent history (after the 2007 fires).[12]
  • 2007 Greek forest fires were by far the worst fires in recent Greek history. Over 270,000 hectares were burnt mostly in the Peloponnese region (especially in Elis region) and southern Evia as well as Mount Parnitha near Athens.
  • 2009 Greek forest fires saw 21,000 hectares burnt around Mount Penteli near Athens.
  • 2018 Greek wildfires were the deadliest in recent history with over 100 deaths in and around the village of Mati near Athens.
  • 2021 Greek wildfires were the worst fires since 2007 with over 125,000 hectares burnt mostly in northern Evia, the Elis region of Peloponnese and around Tatoi near Athens.
  • 2023 Greek wildfires

Italy

Mediterranean

Poland
  • 1992:
    • 10 August – a fire on the Noteć Forest burned 6,000 ha (15,000 acres) of forest.
    • 26 August – Kuźnia Raciborska fire: on a fire in and around Kuźnia Raciborska destroyed 90.62 km2 (34.99 sq mi) of forest and killed two firefighters.[13]
  • 2020: A fire in the Biebrza National Park burned 6,000 ha of forest.

Portugal

Russia

Spain

Turkey
See also: Forest in Turkey and Climate change in Turkey

Sweden

Ukraine

United Kingdom

North America

Canada and the United States
See also: List of Arizona wildfires, List of fires in Canada, 2023 Canadian wildfires, List of California wildfires, and List of Washington wildfires

From 2007 to 2017, wildfires burned an average of 6.2 and 6.6 million acres (2.5 and 2.7 million ha) per year in the U.S. and Canada, respectively.[26]

Check out the US fire map at https://www.fireweatheravalanche.org/fire/ for more information.

† Indicates a currently burning fire

YearSizeNameAreaNotes
18253,000,000 acres (1,200,000 ha)1825 Miramichi fireNew BrunswickKilled between 160 and 300 people.
1845 1,500,000 acres (610,000 ha) The Great Fire Oregon [27]
1865 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) The Silverton Fire Oregon [28]
1853 450,000 acres (180,000 ha) The Yaquina Fire Oregon [27]
1868 300,000 acres (120,000 ha) The Coos Fire Oregon [27]
1870964,000 acres (390,000 ha)Saguenay FireQuebec[29][30][31]
18711,200,000 acres (490,000 ha)Peshtigo FireWisconsinKilled between 1,200 and 2,500 people and has the distinction of being the conflagration that caused the most deaths by fire in United States history. It was overshadowed by the Great Chicago Fire that occurred on the same day.
18712,500,000 acres (1,000,000 ha)Great Michigan FireMichiganOvershadowed by the Great Chicago Fire that occurred on the same day.
1876500,000 acres (200,000 ha)Bighorn FireWyoming
18811,000,000 acres (400,000 ha)Thumb FireMichiganKilled 282 people.
1889300,000 acres (120,000 ha)Santiago Canyon FireCalifornia
1894160,000 acres (65,000 ha)Great Hinckley FireMinnesotaKilled 418+ people and destroyed 12 towns.
1898 2,500,000 acres (1,000,000 ha) South Carolina [27]
1902238,900 acres (96,700 ha)Yacolt BurnWashington and Oregon65+ deaths, plus 20 other fire events from 1910 - 1952.
1903464,000 acres (188,000 ha)Adirondack FireNew York
1908 64,000 acres

(25,900 ha)

 1908 Fernie Fire British Columbia Town of Fernie, BC destroyed. 22 casualties reported. Cause: logging slash.[32]
19103,000,000 acres (1,200,000 ha)Great Fire of 1910Idaho and
Montana		87 people (including 78 firefighters) killed and several towns destroyed across north Idaho and western Montana. ~2,000 separate blazes burned an area the size of Connecticut in what is believed to have been the largest fire in recorded U.S. history up to that point, although it has since been exceeded by the 2011 Texas wildfires and the 2020 California wildfires.[33]
1911500,000 acres (200,000 ha)Great Porcupine FireOntarioKilled between 73 and 200 people.
1916500,000 acres (200,000 ha)Great Matheson FireOntarioKilled 223 people according to official figures, and destroyed several towns, Cochrane burnt again after just five years.
1918100,000 acres (40,000 ha)Cloquet FireMinnesota and
Wisconsin		Killed 453 people.
1919 5,000,000 acres

(2,023,000 ha)

 Great Fire of 1919 Alberta and Saskatchewan Spanning from Lac La Biche, AB to almost Prince Albert, SK. Village of Lac La Biche destroyed. 300+ people homeless. An estimated $200,000 in property damage.

Cause: drought, high winds, lightning. Forest Fire area burned is an estimation.[34][35]

1922415,000 acres (168,000 ha)Great Fire of 1922OntarioKilled 43 people and burnt through 18 townships in the Timiskaming District.
1923 Giant Berkeley Fire California Leveled 50 city blocks, destroying 624 buildings.[27]
1933 47 acres (19 ha) 1933 Griffith Park Fire California Killed 29 firefighters and injured more than 150 people.[27]
1933 350,000 acres (140,000 ha) Tillamook Burn Oregon
1937 1,700 acres (690 ha) Blackwater Creek Fire Wyoming Killed 15 firefighters.[27]
1947175,000 acres (71,000 ha)Great Fires of 1947MaineA series of fires that lasted ten days; 16 people killed. Destroyed part of Bar Harbor and damaged Acadia National Park.
19494,500 acres (1,800 ha)Mann Gulch fireMontana12 firefighters who parachuted near the fire and 1 forest ranger died after being overtaken by a 200-foot wall of fire at the top of a gulch near Helena, Montana.
19503,500,000 acres (1,400,000 ha)Chinchaga FireBritish Columbia and AlbertaLargest single North American fire on record. The B.C. portion was just 90,000 ha.[36]
19531,300 acres (530 ha)Rattlesnake FireCaliforniaKilled 15 firefighters. Well known textbook case used to train firefighters.
1958558,260 acres (225,920 ha)Kech FireBritish ColumbiaLargest wildfire in BC history[36][37] until the 2017 Plateau Fire of 521,012 hectares.[38]
196116,090 acres (6,510 ha)Bel Air FireCalifornia484 homes destroyed and ~112 injuries.
1963183,000 acres (74,000 ha)Black Saturday FireNew Jersey400 buildings destroyed and 7 people killed.[39]
1970175,425 acres (70,992 ha)Laguna FireCalifornia382 homes destroyed and 8 people killed.
197710,000 acres (4,000 ha)Marble Cone FireCaliforniaVandenberg Air Force Base, 4 people killed, including the base commander, and two fire chiefs.[40][41]
198345,000 acres (18,000 ha)Swiss FireBritish ColumbiaHouston, British Columbia, destroyed 7 residences.
198593,000 acres (38,000 ha)Allen FireNorth CarolinaNearly 93,000 acres of forest, wetlands and farmland burned in northeastern North Carolina in one of the biggest fires in modern state history.[42]
1987650,000 acres (260,000 ha)Siege of 1987California and OregonCause: large lightning storm in late August. The storm started roughly 1,600 new fires, most caused by dry lightning.[43]
1988793,880 acres (321,270 ha)Yellowstone fires of 1988Wyoming and
Montana		Never controlled by firefighters; only burned out when a snowstorm hit.
1989 8,105,000 acres

(3,280,000 ha)

 The Manitoba Fires Manitoba 1,147 wildfires in central and northern Manitoba in the spring & summer. 24,500 people evacuated from 32 communities. Over 100 homes destroyed. Worst fire season in province's history. Cause: severe drought, human and natural ignition sources.[44]
19905,000 acres (2,000 ha)Painted Cave FireCalifornia1 death and 430 buildings burned in this arson fire near Santa Barbara.
19911,520 acres (620 ha)Oakland Hills firestormCaliforniaKilled 25 and destroyed 3,469 homes and apartments within the cities of Oakland and Berkeley.
199314,337 acres (5,802 ha)Laguna Beach FireCaliforniaDestroyed 441 homes, burned 14,337 acres causing $528,000,000 in damage.[45]
19942,115 acres (856 ha)South Canyon FireColoradoKilled 14 firefighters.
199512,354 acres (4,999 ha)Mount Vision FireCalifornia45 homes destroyed.
199637,336 acres (15,109 ha)Miller's Reach FireAlaskaMost destructive wildfire in Alaska history. 344 structures destroyed.
1998506,000 acres (205,000 ha)1998 Florida wildfiresFlorida4,899 fires, burned 342 homes, and $390 million worth of timber was lost.[46]
1998 14,800 acres

(6,000 ha)

 Silver Creek Fire British Columbia Immediately southwest of Salmon Arm, BC. Cause: lightning. Approximately 7,000 people evacuated. Over 40 buildings destroyed. Cost over $10,000,000 to extinguish.[35]
1999140,948 acres (57,040 ha)Big Bar Complex FireCaliforniaStarted August.
200048,000 acres (19,000 ha)Cerro Grande FireNew MexicoBurned about 420 dwellings in Los Alamos, New Mexico, damaged >100 buildings at Los Alamos National Laboratory; $1 billion damage.
20019,300 acres (3,800 ha)Thirtymile FireWashingtonKilled 4 firefighters.
200292,000 acres (37,000 ha)Ponil Complex FireNew MexicoAlso called the Philmont fire.
200231,016 acres (12,552 ha)Mt. Zirkel Complex FireColoradoStarted August.
2002467,066 acres (189,015 ha)Rodeo–Chediski FireArizonaThreatened, but did not burn the town of Show Low, Arizona.
2002137,760 acres (55,750 ha)Hayman Fire in Pike National ForestColorado5 firefighter deaths, 600 structures fires.
2002499,750 acres (202,240 ha)Florence/Sour Biscuit Complex FireOregon$150 million to suppress.
200384,750 acres (34,300 ha)Aspen FireArizonaDestroyed large portions of Summerhaven, Arizona.
200361,776 acres (25,000 ha)Okanagan Mountain Park FireBritish ColumbiaDisplaced 45,000 inhabitants, destroyed 239 homes and threatened urbanized sections of Kelowna.
200390,769 acres (36,733 ha)B&B Complex firesOregonBurned along the crest of the Cascade Mountains between Mount Washington and Mount Jefferson including 40,419 acres (163.57 km2) within the Mount Jefferson Wilderness.
200391,281 acres (36,940 ha)Old FireCalifornia993 homes destroyed, 6 deaths. Simultaneous with the Cedar fire.
2003273,246 acres (110,579 ha)Cedar FireCaliforniaThird largest recorded fire in modern California history; burned 2,232 homes and killed 15 in San Diego County.
20041,305,592 acres (528,354 ha)Taylor Complex FireAlaskaLargest wildfire by acreage of 1997–2007 time period.
200640,200 acres (16,300 ha)Esperanza FireCaliforniaArson-caused wildfire that killed 5 firefighters and destroyed 34 homes and 20 outbuildings.
2006160,000 acres (65,000 ha)Day FireCalifornia1 residence burned, no casualties.
2007564,450 acres (228,420 ha)Sweat Farm Road/Big Turnaround Complex FireGeorgiaLargest recorded fire in Georgia history. 26 structures were lost.
2007124,584 acres (50,417 ha)Florida Bugaboo FireFloridaLargest fire on record in Florida.
200718,000 acres (7,300 ha)Warren Grove FireNew JerseyForest fire in the New Jersey Pine Barrens caused by a flare from an F-16 jet. Destroyed 4 homes, damaged 53 homes, injured 2.[47]
2007363,052 acres (146,922 ha)Milford Flat FireUtahLargest fire on record in Utah.
2007653,100 acres (264,300 ha)Murphy Complex FireIdaho and Nevada
2007240,207 acres (97,208 ha)Zaca FireCaliforniaStarted July. Second largest California fire at the time after the Cedar fire of 2003.
2007972,000 acres (393,000 ha)October 2007 California wildfiresCaliforniaA series of wildfires that killed 9 people and injured 85 (including 61 firefighters). Burned at least 1,500 homes from the Santa Barbara County to the U.S.–Mexico border.
200841,534 acres (16,808 ha)Evans Road WildfireNorth CarolinaPeat fire started on 1 June by lightning strike during North Carolina's drought – the worst on record.
20081,557,293 acres (630,214 ha)2008 California wildfiresCaliforniaIn northern California, the fires were mostly started by lightning. In Santa Barbara (southern California), the Gap fire endangered homes and lives. The Basin Complex and Gap fire were the highest priority fires in the state at this time.
200919,130 acres (7,740 ha)Highway 31 FireSouth CarolinaBrush fire in Myrtle Beach, the most destructive fire in terms of loss in state history. Destroyed 76 homes and damaged 97.[48]
2009164,500 acres (66,600 ha)Brittany Triangle FireBritish ColumbiaAlso known as the Lava Canyon fire, this was the largest fire in BC in 2009. Started on 31 July by lightning, this fire made news when it threatened a wild horse population.[49]
201098,842 acres (40,000 ha)Binta Lake FireBritish ColumbiaBC's largest blaze of 2010, resulted in evacuation orders and alerts. Burned 70,000 acres in a 12-hour period.[36]
2011538,049 acres (217,741 ha)Wallow FireArizona and New MexicoThe largest fire in Arizona state history. In one 24-hour burn period (6/6-6/7), it consumed 77,769 acres of forest land.
201134,000 acres (14,000 ha)Bastrop County Complex FireTexasThe worst fire in Texas state history, destroyed over 1,500 homes.
20111,748,636 acres (707,648 ha)Richardson Backcountry FireAlbertaThe largest Canadian fire since 1950.
2011156,293 acres (63,250 ha)Las Conchas FireNew MexicoThird largest fire in New Mexico state history. 63 homes lost. Threatened Los Alamos National Laboratory.
201112,000 acres (4,900 ha)Slave Lake WildfireAlbertaBurned through Slave Lake, Alberta, Canada and its surrounding area from 14 May through 16 May. The fire destroyed roughly one-third of Slave Lake and cost $1.8 billion.
20114,011,709 acres (1,623,481 ha)2011 Texas wildfiresTexasWildfires began in November 2010 and continued to rage due to a severe drought that lasted 271 months. 47.3% of all acreage burned in the United States in 2011 was burned in Texas. Firefighters came from over 43 states to assist, with 2 losing their lives. The Governor of Texas declared a State of Disaster on 21 December 2010, and renewed the proclamation monthly. On 16 April 2011, President Obama was asked to declare a state of emergency in 252 of the 254 counties after approximately 2,000,000 acres had burnt. On 1 July 2011, the request was partially granted.
2012289,478 acres (117,148 ha)Whitewater–Baldy complex FireNew MexicoSecond-largest wildfire in New Mexico state history. Began in the Gila Wilderness as two separate fires that converged, both started by lightning. Destroyed 12 homes in Willow Creek, NM.
201244,330 acres (17,940 ha)Little Bear FireNew MexicoMost destructive wildfire in New Mexico state history. Began in the Lincoln National Forest and was started by lightning.
201287,284 acres (35,323 ha)High Park FireColoradoStarted by lightning, it is the second largest wildfire in Colorado state history by size.
201218,247 acres (7,384 ha)Waldo Canyon FireColoradoRampart Range and West Colorado Springs with 346 homes destroyed primarily in the Mountain Shadows neighborhood, it is the second most destructive fire in state history. Two fatalities reported.
2012248,000 acres (100,000 ha)Ash Creek FireMontana[50]
2012719,694 acres (291,250 ha)Long Draw Fire and Miller Homestead FireOregonOregon's largest fire in 150 years.
2012332,000 acres (134,000 ha)Mustang Complex WildfireIdaho[51]
2012315,557 acres (127,701 ha)Rush FireCalifornia and Nevada
201314,198 acres (5,746 ha)Black Forest FireColoradoNorth of Colorado Springs, the Black Forest fire was a large, fast-spreading fire due to dry conditions, high heat, and restless winds. Destroyed 509 homes and left 17 homes partially damaged. As of 13 June, it became the most destructive fire in Colorado state history.[52]
20131,300 acres (530 ha)Yarnell Hill FireArizona19 firefighters killed on 30 June.[53]
2013617,763 acres (250,000 ha)Quebec FireQuebecOver 300 evacuated.[54]
2013253,332 acres (102,520 ha)Rim FireCaliforniaOccurred in Yosemite National Park. Biggest wildfire on record in the Sierra Nevada, and fourth largest wildfire in California history. Started 17 August and was contained on 24 October.[55]
2013113,600 acres (46,000 ha)Beaver Creek FireColoradoStarted June.
2014252,000 acres (102,000 ha)Carlton Complex FireWashington4 wildfires merged to become the largest single wildfire in Washington state history. (Of the 3,000,000 acres Great Fire of 1910, only 150,000 acres were in Washington.)[56][57]
20148,400,000 acres (3,400,000 ha)2014 Northwest Territories firesNorthwest TerritoriesSaid to have been the largest set of wildfires in 30 years in the Northwest Territories. Total cost of firefighting was between C$55 and C$56 million compared to the normal budget C$7.5 million. There were no reported deaths.[58][59]
2015302,224 acres (122,306 ha)Okanogan ComplexWashingtonThe largest wildfire complex in Washington state history.[60]
2016367,620 acres (148,770 ha)Anderson Creek FireKansas and OklahomaLargest wildfire in Kansas history.[61][62]
20161,466,990 acres (593,670 ha)Fort McMurray WildfireAlberta and SaskatchewanLargest fire evacuation in Alberta history (88,000 on 3 May, a further 8,000 on 16 May). Over 2,400 homes and buildings destroyed. Costliest disaster in Canadian history.[63][64]
201619,800 acres (8,000 ha)2016 Great Smoky Mountains wildfiresTennesseeBegan in late November 2016. It significantly impacted the towns of Pigeon Forge and Gatlinburg, both near Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The fires claimed at least 14 lives,[65][66] injured 190,[67] and is one of the largest natural disasters in the history of Tennessee.[68][69][70][71][72]
20173,004,932 acres (1,216,053 ha)2017 British Columbia wildfiresBritish ColumbiaThe 2017 BC fire season is notable for three reasons: first, for the largest total area burnt in a fire season in recorded history; second, for the largest number of total evacuees in a fire season (Estimated 65,000 evacuees); and third, for the largest single fire ever in British Columbia.[73][74]
20171,295,000 acres (524,000 ha)2017 Montana wildfiresMontanaContained by rain and snow by mid-September.
2017240,000 acres (97,000 ha)October 2017 Northern California wildfiresCaliforniaThe October northern California wildfires were a large group of forest fires that killed 44 people and destroyed 8,900 structures.[75]
2017281,893 acres (114,078 ha)Thomas FireCaliforniaLargest wildfire in modern California history at the time (1889 Santiago Canyon fire may have been larger). Spread fast due to strong winds and unusual dry weather in December.[76]
201728,516 acres (11,540 ha)Goodwin FireArizonaShut down parts of Highway 69 between Mayer and Dewey-Humboldt. The fire destroyed 5 homes and damaged 2 more.[77]
20183,346,508 acres (1,354,284 ha)2018 British Columbia wildfiresBritish ColumbiaInitial estimates put 2018 as the largest total burn-area in any British Columbia wildfire season, surpassing the historic 2017 wildfire season.[73][78]
2018108,043 acres (43,723 ha)Spring Creek FireColoradoStarted June.
2018459,102 acres (185,792 ha)Mendocino Complex FireCalifornia229 structures destroyed, 2 reported deaths.
2018229,651 acres (92,936 ha)Carr FireCalifornia1,604 structures destroyed, 8 reported deaths.
201896,949 acres (39,234 ha)Woolsey FireCalifornia1,643 structures destroyed, 3 fatalities, 5 injuries.
2018149,000 acres (60,000 ha)Camp FireCalifornia18,804 structures destroyed, 85 confirmed deaths, 2 missing, 17 injured, deadliest and most destructive wildfire in California to date.[79][80]
2020600,000 acres (240,000 ha)2020 Colorado wildfiresColoradoLow-end estimate of burned acreage based on Inciweb since May in Colorado. The state's worst fire season on record. The season of the Hayman Fire saw 360,000 acres burn - which was the previous record holder.
2020119,987 acres (48,557 ha)Bighorn FireArizonaStarted June south of Phoenix.
2020193,455 acres (78,288 ha)Bush FireArizonaStarted June near Theodore Roosevelt Lake just north of Phoenix.
202075,817 acres (30,682 ha)Evans Canyon FireWashingtonStarted in September near Yakima, WA.
202017,988 acres (7,279 ha)Palmer FireWashingtonStarted September in northern Washington near Canada.
2020176,878 acres (71,580 ha)Mullen FireColorado and WyomingStarted in September near Laramie and spread to Jackson County, Colorado by October. The fire forced evacuations in Wyoming and northern Colorado.
2020938,044 acres (379,613 ha)August Complex FireCaliforniaLargest wildfire in California history. This fire was divided into three zones: the August Complex North Zone (Elkhorn Fire), the August Complex South Zone (Doe Fire), and the August Complex West Zone due to the enormous size.
20201,000,000 acres (400,000 ha)2020 Oregon wildfiresOregonDestroyed over 3,000 buildings, and killed at least 10 people.[81]
2020 4,420,301 acres (1,788,832 ha) 2020 California wildfires California Largest California wildfire season in recorded history.
2022341,471 acres (138,188 ha)Calf Canyon/Hermits Peak FireNew MexicoLargest and most destructive wildfire in the recorded history of New Mexico.
2023 19,770,000 acres (8,000,000 ha) 2023 Canadian wildfires Canada (11 provinces) Largest Canadian wildfire season in recorded history.
2023 14,000+ acres (5,556+ ha) 2023 Hawaii wildfires† Hawaii Deadliest wildfire in recorded Hawaii history, referred to as worst natural disaster in history of Hawaii by Governor Josh Green. [82]

Greenland

Some wildfires occurred in Greenland in August 2017.[83]

There was a large wildfire between Sisimiut and Kangerlussuaq from July to August 2019.[84] It was put out by members of Beredskabsstyrelsen, who were flown in.

Mexico

Oceania

Australia
Main article: List of major bushfires in Australia

New Zealand

South America

Argentina

Bolivia

Brazil

Chile

Ecuador

Venezuela

See also

References
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