220 Stephania

Stephania (minor planet designation: 220 Stephania) is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 km (20 mi) in diameter. It was discovered on 19 May 1881, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory.[15] The C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 18.2 hours.[4] It was named after Princess Stéphanie of Belgium.[3]

220 Stephania
Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Stephania
Discovery [1]
Discovered byJ. Palisa
Discovery siteVienna Obs.
Discovery date19 May 1881
Designations
(220) Stephania
Pronunciation/stɪˈfeɪniə/[2]
Named after
Princess Stéphanie [3]
(Belgian royalty)
A881 KA · 1925 VE
1931 FP · 1932 UA
1943 WB · 1946 MA
1950 TT4 · 1961 WB
main-belt · (inner) [4]
background [5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc86.28 yr (31,514 days)
Aphelion2.9543 AU
Perihelion1.7443 AU
2.3493 AU
Eccentricity0.2575
3.60 yr (1,315 days)
239.16°
0° 16m 25.32s / day
Inclination7.5895°
257.92°
78.480°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions31.04 km (derived)[4]
31.12±1.5 km[6]
31.738±0.219 km[7]
31.96±9.77 km[8]
32.29±0.33 km[9]
33±2 km[10]
35.097±0.260 km[11]
38.46±5.77 km[12]
18.19 h[lower-alpha 1]
18.198 h[13]
18.2±0.2 h[10]
18.21 h[lower-alpha 2]
0.03±0.01[12]
0.05±0.03[8]
0.0571±0.0068[11]
0.0607 (derived)[4]
0.069±0.002[9]
0.069±0.016[7]
0.0726±0.007[6]
0.075±0.015[10]
Tholen = XC [1][4]
C [14] · P [11]
11.00[6][9][11] · 11.10[8] · 11.2[1][4] · 11.35[12]

    Classification and orbit

    Stephania is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population, when applying the Hierarchical Clustering Method to its proper orbital elements.[5] It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.7–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,315 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    Discovery and naming

    Stephania was discovered by Johann Palisa on May 19, 1881, in Vienna.[15] It was the first discovery he made after transferring to the observatory from Pola.[3]

    The name honours Crown Princess Stéphanie (1864–1945), wife of the heir-apparent Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria. The couple was married the year the asteroid was discovered. It was the first time that a naming commemorated a wedding and was given as a wedding gift.[3] The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 27).[3]

    Physical characteristics

    Spectral type

    In the Tholen classification, this asteroid's spectrum is ambiguous, close to an X-type and somewhat similar to that of a carbonaceous C-type asteroid (CX).[4] A French spectroscopic survey that observed two dozens of these X-types classified by Tholen, determined that Stephania is in fact a carbonaceous C-type asteroid (rather than an X-type).[14] The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) has also characterized it as a primitive P-type asteroid.[4][11]

    Lightcurves

    Lightcurve data has also been recorded by observers at the Antelope Hill Observatory (H09), which has been designated as an official observatory by the Minor Planet Center.[lower-alpha 2]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Stephania measures between 31.12 and 38.46 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.03 and 0.075.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0607 and a diameter of 31.04 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.2.[4]

    Notes
    1. Anonymous lightcurve –CALL-2011 (web): rotation period 18.19 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.25 mag. Quality code of 2. Summary figures for (220) Stephania at the LCDB
    2. Lightcurve plot of (220) Stephania by Robert A. Koff (a.k.a. William Koff) Antelope Hills Observatory, Colorado (H09); Rotation period 18.21 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.21 mag. Quality code of 2. Summary figures at the LCDB

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 220 Stephania" (2017-07-01 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
    2. "Stephanian". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(220) Stephania". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (220) Stephania. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 35. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_221. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (220) Stephania". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 28 October 2017.
    5. "Asteroid 220 Stephania". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
    6. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
    8. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117.
    10. Durech, J.; Delbo', M.; Carry, B.; Hanus, J.; Alí-Lagoa, V. (July 2017). "Asteroid shapes and thermal properties from combined optical and mid-infrared photometry inversion". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 604: 8. arXiv:1706.01232. Bibcode:2017A&A...604A..27D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730868. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
    11. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    12. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
    13. Mohamed, R. A.; Chiorny, V. G.; Dovgopol, A. N.; Shevchenko, V. G. (November 1994). "Photometry of five asteroids: 189 Phthia, 220 Stephania, 289 Nenetta, 312 Pierretta and 626 Notburga". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 108: 69–72. Bibcode:1994A&AS..108...69M. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
    14. Fornasier, S.; Clark, B. E.; Dotto, E. (July 2011). "Spectroscopic survey of X-type asteroids". Icarus. 214 (1): 131–146. arXiv:1105.3380. Bibcode:2011Icar..214..131F. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.04.022.
    15. "220 Stephania". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

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