Tammuz (Hebrew month)

Tammuz (Hebrew: תַּמּוּז, Tammūz), or Tamuz, is the tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar, and the modern Assyrian calendar. It is a month of 29 days, which occurs on the Gregorian calendar around June–July.

Tammuz
Tammuz is the month of the sin of the golden calf, which resulted in Moses breaking the tablets of the Ten Commandments.
Native nameתַּמּוּז (Hebrew)
CalendarHebrew calendar
Month number4
Number of days29
SeasonSummer (Northern Hemisphere)
Gregorian equivalentJune–July
Significant daysSeventeenth of Tammuz
Inscription at the Irish Jewish Museum, with Gregorian and Hebrew dates.

The name of the month was adopted from the Assyrian and Babylonian month Araḫ Dumuzu, named in honour of the Mesopotamian deity Dumuzid.

Holidays

17 TammuzSeventeenth of Tammuz – is a fast day from 1 hour before sunrise to sundown in remembrance of Jerusalem's walls being breached. 17 Tammuz is the beginning of The Three Weeks, in which Jews follow similar customs as the ones followed during the Omer from the day following Passover until the culmination of the mourning for the death of the students of Rabbi Akiva (the 33rd day of the Omer  such as refraining from marriage and haircuts.)[1] The Three Weeks culminate with Tisha B'Av (9th of Av).

Ashkenazi communities refrain from wine and meat from the beginning of the month of Av, while Sefardi communities only do so from the second day of the month. The mourning continues until noon on the 10th of Av, the date on which the Second Temple's destruction was complete.

In Jewish history

In fiction

  • In the story of Xenogears, Tammuz is the name of a country, named after the Hebrew month. In the official Japanese version translation, however, it was transliterated Tamuzu. This was later further changed by the translation process to "Thames" for the English version.

See also

References

  1. Ullman, Yirmiyahu. "Laws of the Three Weeks". Ohr Somayach. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  2. This is according to the Talmud, Rosh Hashanah and Tur Orach Chaim 549. However, Karaite Jews continue to observe the fast on Tammuz 9.
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