4364 Shkodrov

4364 Shkodrov, provisional designation 1978 VV5, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 November 1978, by American astronomers Eleanor Helin and Schelte Bus at the Palomar Observatory in California. The asteroid was named after Bulgarian astronomer Vladimir Shkodrov.[2]

4364 Shkodrov
Discovery [1]
Discovered byE. F. Helin
S. J. Bus
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date7 November 1978
Designations
(4364) Shkodrov
Named after
Vladimir Shkodrov
(Bulgarian astronomer)[2]
1978 VV5 · 1983 CX1
1988 RK3
main-belt · (inner)
background [3][4] · Flora [5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc39.06 yr (14,267 days)
Aphelion2.6515 AU
Perihelion2.0044 AU
2.3280 AU
Eccentricity0.1390
3.55 yr (1,297 days)
225.87°
0° 16m 39s / day
Inclination1.7402°
139.75°
46.929°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
4.21±1.00 km[6]
4.94 km (calculated)[5]
17.256±0.0223 h (R)[7]
17.302±0.0223 h (R)[7]
17.3233±0.0005 h[lower-alpha 1]
0.24±0.10[6]
0.24 (assumed)[5]
S (assumed)[5]
13.696±0.005 (R)[7] · 13.7[1][5] · 13.80±0.26[8] · 14.10[6]

    Orbit and classification

    Shkodrov is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[3][4] Based on osculating Keplerian orbital elements, the asteroid has also been classified as a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the asteroid belt.[5]

    It orbits the Sun in the inner main belt at a distance of 2.0–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,297 days; semi-major axis of 2.33 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins at Palomar Observatory, two nights prior to its official discovery observation.[2]

    Physical characteristics

    Shkodrov is an assumed, stony S-type asteroid, which is also the overall spectral type for members of the Flora family.[5]

    Rotation period

    In 2010 and 2013, two rotational lightcurves of Shkodrov have been obtained by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis of the photometric observations in the R-band gave a rotation period of 17.256 and 17.302 hours with a brightness variation of 0.40 and 0.35 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).[5][7] In 2015, Petr Pravec published a refined period of 17.3233 hours and an amplitude of 0.42 magnitude (U=3-).[lower-alpha 1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Shkodrov measures 4.21 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.24.[6] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an identical albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the Flora family's parent body – and calculates a diameter of 4.94 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.7.[5]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Bulgarian astronomer Vladimir Shkodrov (1930–2010), professor at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and founder of the Bulgarian National Observatory. The asteroid also honors his collaboration with the discoverers on the International Near-Earth Asteroid Survey despite difficult times.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 25 August 1991 (M.P.C. 18645).[9]

    Notes
    1. Pravec (2015) web: lightcurve plot (4364) Shkodrov with a rotation period 17.3233±0.0005 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.42±0.03 mag. Sugarloaf Mountain and collaboration. Quality Code of (3-). Summary figures for at LCDB and Pravec, P.; Wolf, M.; Sarounova, L. (2015) from Ondrejov data obtained by the NEO Photometric Program and collaborating projects

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4364 Shkodrov (1978 VV5)" (2017-11-27 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
    2. "4364 Shkodrov (1978 VV5)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
    3. "Small Bodies Data Ferret". Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
    4. "Asteroid 4364 Shkodrov – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. "LCDB Data for (4364) Shkodrov". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 19 January 2018.
    6. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
    7. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
    8. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
    9. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
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