456 Abnoba

Abnoba (minor planet designation: 456 Abnoba), provisional designation 1900 FH, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 June 1900, by astronomers Max Wolf and Arnold Schwassmann at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[16] The asteroid was named after the Celtic deity Abnoba.[4]

456 Abnoba
Discovery [1]
Discovered byM. F. Wolf
A. Schwassmann
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date4 June 1900
Designations
(456) Abnoba
Pronunciation/ˈæbnəbə/[2][3]
Named after
Abnoba [4]
(Celtic mythology)
1900 FH · 1952 YF
main-belt · (middle)
background [5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc117.07 yr (42,761 days)
Aphelion3.2873 AU
Perihelion2.2894 AU
2.7884 AU
Eccentricity0.1789
4.66 yr (1,701 days)
86.313°
0° 12m 42.12s / day
Inclination14.439°
229.21°
6.6794°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions37.64±1.44 km[6]
37.713±0.222 km[7]
39.76±3.6 km[8]
39.94 km (derived)[9]
42.65±0.65 km[10]
50.495±1.215 km[11]
18±1 h[12]
18.2026±0.0002 h[12]
18.273±0.005 h[13][lower-alpha 1]
18.281±0.001 h[14]
0.1467±0.0261[11]
0.204±0.008[10]
0.2335±0.048[8]
0.2537 (derived)[9]
0.286±0.033[6]
SMASS = S [1][9]
S [15]
9.10[6][9] · 9.20[1][8][10][11]

    Orbit and classification

    Abnoba is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[5] It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.3–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,701 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 14° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    The body's observation arc begins at Bordeaux Observatory, eleven days after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.[16]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Abnoba is a stony S-type asteroid.[1] Its stony composition was also confirmed by polarimetric observations in 2017.[15]

    Rotation period

    Several rotational lightcurves of Abnoba have been obtained from photometric observations since 2004.[12][13][lower-alpha 1] Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve from the Bigmuskie Observatory (B88) in Italy, gave a rotation period of 18.281 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.32 magnitude (U=3).[14]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Abnoba measures between 37.64 and 50.495 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1467 and 0.286.[6][7][8][10][11]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2537 and a diameter of 39.94 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.1.[9]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the Gaulish goddess Abnoba from Celtic mythology. The goddess was worshipped in the Black Forest of southern Germany, and known as "Diana Abnoba" to the Roman troops stationed in this region. The official naming citation was authored by Lutz D. Schmadel based on his own research.[4]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of 456 Abnoba, Palmer Divide Observatory, Brian D. Warner (2010) with a period of 18.273 hours. Summary figures at the LCDB

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 456 Abnoba (1900 FH)" (2017-07-02 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    2. Walker (1830) A Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names
    3. Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    4. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(456) Abnoba". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (456) Abnoba. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 51. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_457. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    5. "Asteroid 456 Abnoba – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    9. "LCDB Data for (456) Abnoba". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    10. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    11. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    12. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (456) Abnoba". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    13. Warner, Brian D. (July 2010). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2009 December - 2010 March". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (3): 112–118. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37..112W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    14. Ferrero, Andrea (January 2013). "Rotational Period of Five Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (1): 31–32. Bibcode:2013MPBu...40...31F. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    15. Belskaya, I. N.; Fornasier, S.; Tozzi, G. P.; Gil-Hutton, R.; Cellino, A.; Antonyuk, K.; et al. (March 2017). "Refining the asteroid taxonomy by polarimetric observations". Icarus. 284: 30–42. Bibcode:2017Icar..284...30B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.003. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
    16. "456 Abnoba (1900 FH)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 27 September 2017.

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