47th Reserve Division (German Empire)

The 217th Reserve Infantry Regiment was raised in the Prussian Province of Saxony and the Duchy of Anhalt. The 218th, 219th, and 220th Reserve Infantry Regiments were raised in the Prussian Province of Westphalia, but included troops from other Prussian provinces and German states. After the 217th Reserve Infantry Regiment was transferred to the 225th Infantry Division, the 47th Reserve Division was nominally all-Westphalian, but by that point in the war levies of new replacements often came from all over the German Empire.

The 47th Reserve Division initially fought on the Western Front, entering the line in October between the Meuse and Moselle and remaining there until late November, when it was transported to the Eastern Front. It fought in the Limanowa-Lapanow in December 1914 suffering heavy casualties and Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive in 1915. In May 1917, it returned to the Western Front, and occupied the line near Verdun. In 1918, the division fought in the German spring offensive, breaking through at St.Quentin–La Fère and fighting on to the Montdidier-Noyon region. It later saw action in the Second Battle of the Marne. The division was in Lorraine when it was disbanded on August 2, 1918. In 1917, Allied intelligence rated the division as a mediocre division. In 1918 it was rated second class, and it was noted that its strength had been allowed to diminish without replenishment, leading to its dissolution.[1][2]

The 47th Reserve Division was initially organized as a square division, with essentially the same organization as the reserve divisions formed on mobilization. The order of battle of the 47th Reserve Division on September 10, 1914, was as follows:[3]

• 93. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade
  • Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 217
  • Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 218
• 94. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade
  • Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 219
  • Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 220
• Reserve-Kavallerie-Abteilung Nr. 47
• Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 47
• Reserve-Pionier-Kompanie Nr. 47

The 47th Reserve Division was triangularized in May 1917. Over the course of the war, other changes took place, including the formation of artillery and signals commands and a pioneer battalion. The order of battle on February 9, 1918, was as follows:[4]

• 94. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade
  • Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 218
  • Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 219
  • Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 220
  • MG-Scharfschützen-Abteilung Nr. 47
• 4.Eskadron/Jäger-Regiment zu Pferde Nr. 4
• Artillerie-Kommandeur 47
  • Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 47
  • Fußartillerie-Bataillon Nr. 158 (from April 15, 1918)
• Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 347
• Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 447

• Hermann Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee (Berlin, 1935)
• Hermann Cron, Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918 (Berlin, 1937)
• Günter Wegner, Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939. (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1
• Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919 (1920)