4868 Knushevia

4868 Knushevia, provisional designation 1989 UN2 is a bright Hungaria asteroid and suspected binary system from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 2 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 27 October 1989, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named for the Kyiv University in Ukraine.[2][3]

4868 Knushevia
Discovery [1]
Discovered byE. F. Helin
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date27 October 1989
Designations
(4868) Knushevia
Named after
Kyiv University
(in Ukraine)[2]
1989 UN2 · 1988 DE5
main-belt · (inner)[1]
Hungaria [3][4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc33.39 yr (12,196 days)
Aphelion2.0940 AU
Perihelion1.8271 AU
1.9606 AU
Eccentricity0.0681
2.75 yr (1,003 days)
156.32°
0° 21m 32.4s / day
Inclination22.108°
187.52°
94.633°
Known satellites1 (suspected)[5]
Physical characteristics
Dimensions1.535±0.322 km[6][7]
2.30 km (calculated)[4]
3.1422±0.0002 h[5]
4.45±0.01 h[8]
4.54±0.01 h[9]
4.717±0.002 h[10]
0.4 (assumed)[4]
1.000±0.000[6][7]
E [4]
13.9[6] · 14.26±0.41[11] · 14.8[1][4]

    Classification and orbit

    Knushevia is a bright member of the Hungaria family, which forms the innermost dense concentration of asteroids in the Solar System. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.1 AU once every 2 years and 9 months (1,003 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 22° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    Physical characteristics

    Lightcurves and satellite

    Between 2008 and 2011, three rotational lightcurves of Knushevia were obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period between 4.45 and 4.717 hours with an exceptionally low brightness amplitude of 0.01 magnitude (U=2/2/2).[8][9][10]

    In May 2015, Warner measured a period of 3.1422 hours with an amplitude of 0.09 (U=3). The photometric observation also revealed that Knushevia might be a binary asteroid with a minor-planet moon orbiting it every 11.922 hours. The results, however, are tentative only.[5]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Knushevia measures 1.535 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an outstandingly high albedo of 1.000.[6][7]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo for bright E-type asteroids of 0.40 – derived from 434 Hungaria, the family's largest member and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 2.30 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 14.8.[4]

    Naming

    This minor planet (Ukrainian: КНУШЕВІЯ; translit.: Knushevia) was named after Kyiv University (full name Ukrainian: Київський Національний Університет ім. Т.Шевченка, translit.: Кyivs'kyj Natsional'nyj Universytet іmeni (name) Shevchenka) for its great achievement in the education, science and culture of Ukraine. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Ukraine.[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 April 2002 (M.P.C. 45336).[12]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4868 Knushevia (1989 UN2)" (2016-11-30 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(4868) Knushevia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4868) Knushevia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 420. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4762. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "4868 Knushevia (1989 UN2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
    4. "LCDB Data for (4868) Knushevia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 7 July 2017.
    5. Warner, Brian D.; Stephens, Robert D. (July 2015). "The Hungaria Asteroid 4868 Knushevia: A Possible Binary". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 42 (3): 188–189. Bibcode:2015MPBu...42..188W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
    6. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 7 July 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    8. Warner, Brian D. (January 2009). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2008 May - September". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 36 (1): 7–13. Bibcode:2009MPBu...36....7W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
    9. Warner, Brian D. (July 2010). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2009 December - 2010 March". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (3): 112–118. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37..112W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
    10. Warner, Brian D.; Higgins, David; Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W. (April 2012). "The Enigmatic Hungaria Asteroid 4868 Knushevia". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (2): 82–83. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39...82W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
    11. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
    12. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 July 2017.

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