5′-Methylthioadenosine

5′-Methylthioadenosine is S-methyl derivative of the adenosine. It is an intermediate in the methylthioadenosine (MTA) cycle, also known as the methionine salvage pathway that is universal to aerobic life.[3][4]

5′-Methylthioadenosine
Names
IUPAC name
5′-S-Methyl-5′-thioadenosine
Systematic IUPAC name
(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-[(methylsulfanyl)methyl]oxolane-3,4-diol
Other names
  • 5′-S-Methyl-5'-thioadenosine
  • 5′-(Methylthio)-5′-deoxyadenosine
  • 5′-(Methylthio)adenosine
  • 5′-Deoxy(methylthio)adenosine
  • 5′-Deoxy-5′-(methylthio)adenosine
  • 5′-S-Methylthioadenosine
  • 9′-(5-Thiomethyl-ribofuranosyl)-adenine
  • Methylthioadenosine
  • Vitamin L2
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.154.727
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C11H15N5O3S/c1-20-2-5-7(17)8(18)11(19-5)16-4-15-6-9(12)13-3-14-10(6)16/h3-5,7-8,11,17-18H,2H2,1H3,(H2,12,13,14)/t5-,7-,8-,11-/m1/s1
    Key: WUUGFSXJNOTRMR-IOSLPCCCSA-N
  • InChI=1/C11H15N5O3S/c1-20-2-5-7(17)8(18)11(19-5)16-4-15-6-9(12)13-3-14-10(6)16/h3-5,7-8,11,17-18H,2H2,1H3,(H2,12,13,14)/t5-,7-,8-,11-/m1/s1
    Key: WUUGFSXJNOTRMR-IOSLPCCCBD
  • CSC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1C=NC2=C(N)N=CN=C12
Properties
C11H15N5O3S
Molar mass 297.33 g·mol−1
Melting point 205 °C (401 °F; 478 K)[1]
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
>1000 mg/kg (mouse, oral)[2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Formation
S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) is the precursor to 5′-methylthioadenosine.

The pervasive cofactor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) is the precursor to 5′-methylthioadenosine. The sulfonium group in SAM can cleave in three ways, one involves loss of CH2CH2CH(NH3+)CO2−, generating the title compound.

History

In 1912, an adenine nucleoside was isolated by Hunter et al. from yeast that were grown without phosphorus or sulfur.[5] Later in 1925, that substance was shown by Levene and Sobotkal to be adenylthiomethylpentose.[6]

In 1936, Nakahara et al. did experiments on rats that suggested that vitamin L2 deficiency inhibits the ability of female rats for lactation.[7] In 1942, they identified vitamin L2 to be adenylthiomethylpentose.[8] Later studies by Folley et al (1942) refuted Nakahara's claims and demonstrated that L2 is not necessary for lactation and thus L2 is not considered a vitamin today.[9]

Hecht found in 1937 that the body temperature of rabbits, cats and guinea pigs were lowered by 1 to 2 degrees after he gave them adenylthiomethylpentose at a dose of 0.2 g/kg. Kühn et al. replicated this in guinea pigs in 1941.[10]

References
  1. Baddiley, J. (1951). "The synthesis of pantothenic acid-2′ and -4′ phosphates as possible degradation products of coenzyme A". Journal of the Chemical Society: 1348–1351. doi:10.1039/JR9510000246.
  2. JP application H0446124A, Shimohashi, Hirotaka & Ishihara, Kazuoki, "Antiulcer agent", published 1992-02-17, assigned to Advance Co. Ltd.
  3. Sekowska, A; Ashida, H; Danchin, A (January 2019). "Revisiting the methionine salvage pathway and its paralogues". Microbial Biotechnology. 12 (1): 77–97. doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13324. PMC 6302742. PMID 30306718.
  4. Parveen, Nikhat; Cornell, Kenneth A. (2011). "Methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase, a critical enzyme for bacterial metabolism". Molecular Microbiology. 79 (1): 7–20. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07455.x. PMC 3057356. PMID 21166890.
  5. J. A. Mandel u. E. K. Dunham (1912). "Preliminary note on a purine-hexose compound". J. Biol. Chem. 11: 85–86. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)88777-4.
  6. P. A. Levene u. H. Sobotka (1925). "The thio-sugar from yeast" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 65 (2): 551–554. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)84864-5.
  7. Waro Nakahara; Fumito Inukai; Saburo Ugami (1936). "Factor L2, a Second Dietary Factor for Lactation". Proceedings of the Imperial Academy. 12 (9): 289–291. doi:10.2183/pjab1912.12.289.
  8. Waro Nakahara; Fumito Inukai; Saburo Ugami (1942). "Adenylthiomethylpentose as a Form of Vitamin L2". Proceedings of the Imperial Academy. 18 (8): 477–478. doi:10.2183/pjab1912.18.477.
  9. S. J. Folley; K. M. Henry; S. K. Kon (1942). "Lactation and Reproduction on Highly Purified Diets". Nature. 150 (3802): 318. Bibcode:1942Natur.150Q.318F. doi:10.1038/150318a0.
  10. R. Kuhn u. K. Henkel (1941). "Über die Senkung der Körpertemperatur durch Adenylthiomethylpentose". Biological Chemistry. 269 (1): 41–46. doi:10.1515/bchm2.1941.269.1.41.

Further reading
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