53 Kalypso

Kalypso (minor planet designation: 53 Kalypso) is a large and very dark main belt asteroid that was discovered by German astronomer Robert Luther on April 4, 1858, at Düsseldorf.[1] It is named after Calypso, a sea nymph in Greek mythology, a name it shares with Calypso, a moon of Saturn.

53 Kalypso
Three-dimensional model of 53 Kalypso created based on light-curve.
Discovery[1]
Discovered byKarl Theodor Robert Luther
Discovery date4 April 1858
Designations
(53) Kalypso
Pronunciation/kəˈlɪpsoʊ/[2]
Named after
Calypso
Main belt
AdjectivesKalypsonian /kælɪpˈsoʊniən/[3]
Kalypsoian /kælɪpˈsoʊ.iən/
Orbital characteristics[4]
Epoch December 31, 2006 (JD 2454100.5)
Aphelion471.807 Gm (3.154 AU)
Perihelion311.998 Gm (2.086 AU)
391.903 Gm (2.620 AU)
Eccentricity0.204
1548.736 d (4.24 a)
98.113°
Inclination5.153°
143.813°
312.330°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions115.4 km[4]
Mass(5.63 ± 5.00) × 1018 kg[5]
Mean density
8.28 ± 7.54[5] g/cm3
9.036[6] h
0.040[4][7]
8.81[4]

    The orbit of 53 Kalypso places it in a mean motion resonance with the planets Jupiter and Saturn. The computed Lyapunov time for this asteroid is 19,000 years, indicating that it occupies a chaotic orbit that will change randomly over time because of gravitational perturbations of the planets.[8]

    Photometric observations of this asteroid during 2005–06 gave a light curve with a period of 18.075 ± 0.005 hours and a brightness variation of 0.14 in magnitude.[9] In 2009, a photometric study from a different viewing angle was performed at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico, yielding a rotation period of 9.036 ± 0.001 with a brightness variation of 0.14 ± 0.02 magnitude. This is exactly half of the 2005–06 result. The author of the earlier study used additional data observation that favored the 9.036 hour period. The discrepancy was deemed a consequence of viewing the asteroid from different longitudes.[6]

    Kalypso has been studied by radar.[10]

    References
    1. "Numbered Minor Planets 1–5000", Discovery Circumstances, IAU Minor Planet center, retrieved 7 April 2013.
    2. Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    3. "calypsonian". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    4. Yeomans, Donald K., "53 Kalypso", JPL Small-Body Database Browser, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, retrieved 12 April 2013.
    5. Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science, 73 (1): 98–118, arXiv:1203.4336, Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009, S2CID 119226456. See Table 1.
    6. Pilcher, Frederick (April 2010), "Rotation Period Determination for 53 Kalypso", The Minor Planet Bulletin, 37 (2): 75–76, Bibcode:2010MPBu...37...75P.
    7. Asteroid Data Sets Archived 2009-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
    8. Šidlichovský, M. (1999), Svoren, J.; Pittich, E. M.; Rickman, H. (eds.), "Resonances and chaos in the asteroid belt", Evolution and source regions of asteroids and comets : proceedings of the 173rd colloquium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Tatranska Lomnica, Slovak Republic, August 24–28, 1998, pp. 297–308, Bibcode:1999esra.conf..297S.
    9. Pray, Donald P.; et al. (December 2006), "Lightcurve analysis of asteroids 53, 698, 1016, 1523, 1950, 4608, 5080 6170, 7760, 8213, 11271, 14257, 15350 and 17509", The Minor Planet Bulletin, 33 (4): 92–95, Bibcode:2006MPBu...33...92P.
    10. "Radar-Detected Asteroids and Comets". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. Retrieved 30 October 2011.

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