688 Melanie

688 Melanie (prov. designation: A909 QC or 1909 HH) is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 25 August 1909.[1] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 18.9 hours and measures approximately 42 kilometers (26 miles) in diameter. Any reference to the origin of the asteroid's name is unknown.[2]

688 Melanie
Discovery [1]
Discovered byJ. Palisa
Discovery siteVienna Obs.
Discovery date25 August 1909
Designations
(688) Melanie
Named after
unknown [2]
A909 QC · 1927 SR
1940 SJ · A917 KD
1909 HH
main-belt [1][3] · (middle)[4]
background [5][6][7]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc106.92 yr (39,054 d)
Aphelion3.0733 AU
Perihelion2.3217 AU
2.6975 AU
Eccentricity0.1393
4.43 yr (1,618 d)
20.621°
0° 13m 21s / day
Inclination10.244°
170.84°
138.97°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
18.87±0.01 h[11]

    Orbit and classification

    Melanie is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[5][6][7] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,618 days; semi-major axis of 2.7 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins at Vienna Observatory in July 1913, or four years after its official discovery observation.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named in 1910, by Otto Prelinger who collaborated with Johann Palisa and Max Wolf on the photographic star charts (AN 186, 15). Any reference of this minor planet's name to a person or occurrence is unknown.[2]

    Unknown meaning

    Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Melanie is one of 120 asteroids for which no naming citation has been published. All of these asteroids with an unknown meaning have low numbers, beginning with 164 Eva and ending with 1514 Ricouxa, all discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth.[12]

    Physical characteristics

    In both the Bus-DeMeo classification and the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, Melanie is a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[3][6]

    Rotation period

    In September 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Melanie was obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stephens at the Santana Observatory (646) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 18.87±0.01 hours with a low brightness variation of 0.14±0.01 magnitude (U=3).[11] The first but unsuccessful attempt to measure the objects period was undertaken by Richard Binzel in June 1984.[13] Other observations by French amateur astronomers Laurent Bernasconi (2005) and René Roy (2011) gave a period of (20±0.4) and (19.97) hours and an amplitude of 0.07±0.01 and 0.08 magnitude, respectively (U=2−/2−).[14] Also in 2011, an ambiguous period of (16.10±0.05) with an alternative period solution of 16.10 hours and an amplitude of (0.09±0.01) magnitude was determined (U=2).[15]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), and the Japanese Akari satellite, Melanie measures (41.40±3.1), (41.614±0.228) and (49.12±0.60) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.0599±0.010), (0.068±0.005) and (0.045±0.001), respectively.[8][9][10]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the albedo obtained by IRAS and derives a diameter of 41.38 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 10.59.[4] Alternative mean-diameters published by the WISE team include (19.17±2.54 km), (38.832±0.280 km), (40.088±11.29 km), (41.54±13.73 km) and (43.864±0.198 km) with a corresponding albedo of (0.22±0.05), (0.068±0.005), (0.0538±0.0347), (0.05±0.03) and (0.0533±0.0107).[6][4] On 4 August 2002, an asteroid occultation gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of (41.0 km × 41.0 km) with a low quality rating of 0.[6] These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star.[6]

    References
    1. "688 Melanie (A909 QC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(688) Melanie". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 67. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_689. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 688 Melanie (A909 QC)" (2020-06-04 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
    4. "LCDB Data for (688) Melanie". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 20 July 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 688 Melanie – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
    6. "Asteroid 688 Melanie – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
    7. Zappalà, V.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Cellino, A.; Farinella, P.; Froeschle, C. (1997). "Asteroid Dynamical Families". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1. Retrieved 20 July 2020. (PDS main page)
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
    9. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    10. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    11. Stephens, Robert D. (January 2012). "Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Santana Observatories: 2011 July - September" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (1): 11–12. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39...11S. ISSN 1052-8091. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
    12. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "Appendix 11 – Minor Planet Names with Unknown Meaning". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Fifth Revised and Enlarged revision. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 927–929. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    13. Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus. 72 (1): 135–208. Bibcode:1987Icar...72..135B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035.
    14. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (688) Melanie". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
    15. Violante, R.; Leake, M. A. (December 2012). "Photometry and Lightcurve Analysis of 7 Main-Belt Asteroids". Journal of the Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy. 7: 41–44. Bibcode:2012JSARA...7...41V.
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