7.65×20mm Long

The 7.65×20mm Long (also known as 7.65mm French Long/Longue, 7.65mm MAS, 7.65×20mm, 7.65L, and .30-18 Auto for use in the Pedersen Device) was a straight, rimless cartridge used in the French Modèle 1935 pistol, as well as the MAS-38 submachine gun.

7.65×20mm Long
7.65×20mm cartridge (steel case and steel-jacketed bullet).
TypeRifle and pistol
Place of originUnited States
Service history
Used byUnited States, France, Germany, Vietnam
Production history
DesignerRemington Arms
Designed1917
Produced1918–1960
Specifications
Case typeRimless, straight
Bullet diameter7.85 mm (0.309 in)
Land diameter7.65 mm (0.301 in)
Neck diameter8.50 mm (0.335 in)
Base diameter8.53 mm (0.336 in)
Rim diameter8.50 mm (0.335 in)
Case length19.70 mm (0.776 in)
Overall length30.24 mm (1.191 in)
Primer typeSmall pistol
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
77 gr (5 g) FMJ 1,132 ft/s (345 m/s) 219 ft⋅lbf (297 J)

Description

The cartridge was developed for the United States and secretly produced in quantity too late for its intended use during World War I. The United States scrapped the weapons built for the cartridge between the world wars.[1] France adopted weapons for the cartridge and those weapons saw combat use; so the cartridge is best known by its French name.

The French military were introduced to the cartridge when the US demonstrated the Pedersen device after the end of World War I in Le Mans and again when John Browning exhibited a carbine in the same caliber in 1920. The US .30 Pedersen cartridge (auto pistol ball cartridge caliber .30 Model of 1918 or .30-18 Automatic) used in the Pedersen device was the basis for the 7.65×20mm Long. The cartridge dimensions were identical, although Pedersen device cartridges were loaded with a slightly heavier 80 grains (5.2 g) bullet which achieved a velocity of 1,300 feet per second (400 m/s) in the longer barrel of M1903 Springfield rifles.[1]

Remington Arms produced 65 million cartridges for the Pedersen device between 1918 and 1920.[1] French 7.65×20mm Long ammunition was manufactured in quantity from approximately 1935 to 1960. In 2019, Steinel Ammunition began producing 7.65×20mm Long,[2] making new ammunition available again.[3]

Current production FMJ 7.65×20mm Long ammunition
Current production FMJ 7.65×20mm Long ammunition

See also

References
  • Barnes, Frank C. Cartridges of the World 3rd Edition, 1972 Digest Books, ISBN 0-695-80326-3
  • Sharpe, Philip B. The Rifle in America 1958 Funk & Wagnalls, New York
  • Hatcher, Julian S. Hatcher's Notebook 1966 Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, ISBN 0-8117-0795-4

Notes
  1. Canfield, Bruce N. (2003). "Never in Anger: the Pedersen Device". American Rifleman. National Rifle Association of America. 151 (June): 58–61&71.
  2. "9mm Largo Ammunition - 7.65 French Long 110gr RN- 50 count".
  3. Comparison: French 1935A vs 1935S Pistols. YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11.
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