735 Marghanna

735 Marghanna (prov. designation: A912 XD or 1912 PY) is a large carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 74 kilometers (46 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 9 December 1912, by German astronomer Heinrich Vogt at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[1] The dark C-type asteroid (Ch) has a rotation period of 20.6 hours and is rather regular in shape. It was named after Margarete Vogt and after Hanna, the mother and a relative of the discoverer, respectively.[2]

735 Marghanna
Discovery [1]
Discovered byH. Vogt
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date9 December 1912
Designations
(735) Marghanna
Named after
Margarete Vogt [2]
and Hanna
(discoverer's mother/relative)
A912 XD · 1952 OH
1952 OJ · 1952 QA
1952 QB · 1912 PY
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc107.38 yr (39,222 d)
Aphelion3.6059 AU
Perihelion1.8535 AU
2.7297 AU
Eccentricity0.3210
4.51 yr (1,647 d)
346.73°
0° 13m 6.6s / day
Inclination16.866°
42.952°
309.76°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 67.235±0.513 km[7]
  • 74.32±1.6 km[8]
  • 78.69±1.62 km[9]
Mass(2.15±0.68)×1018 kg[10]
20.625±0.011 h[11]
  • 0.043±0.002[9]
  • 0.0484±0.0484[8]
  • 0.059±0.007[7]

    Orbit and classification

    Marghanna is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5][6] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–3.6 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,647 days; semi-major axis of 2.73 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.32 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory on 29 November 1921, almost nine years after its official discovery observation.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named by the discoverer Heinrich Vogt after his mother Margarete Vogt and after one of his relatives, Hanna. The naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 74).[2]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification and in the SDSS-based taxonomy, Marghanna is a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid, while in the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, it is a hydrated C-type (Ch).[3][5][12]

    Rotation period

    In May 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Marghanna was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Skiff and collaborators using telescopes at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. The 2019-revised lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of (20.625±0.011) hours with a small brightness variation of (0.12±0.01) magnitude, indicative of a rather spherical shape (U=3).[11] Lower rated measurements determined a period of 15.95 hours (Rafa Mohamed, 1995),[13] 24 hours (Raymond Poncy, 2005)[14] and 20.62±0.02 hours (Brian Skiff, 2014) with an amplitude of 0.11, 0.10 and 0.13 magnitude, respectively (U=2/1+/3−).[15]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, and the Japanese Akari satellite, Marghanna measures (67.235±0.513), (74.32±1.6) and (78.69±1.62) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.059±0.007), (0.0484±0.0484) and (0.043±0.002), respectively.[7][8][9]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0423 and a diameter of 74.23 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.7,[15] while the Cornell Mid-IR Asteroid Spectroscopy (MIDAS) survey determined a diameter of (73±6) kilometers and Benoit Carry one of (72.27±2.22) kilometers.[10][16] Alternative mean-diameters published by the WISE team include (57.25±26.07 km), (67.976±0.404 km), (70.640±1.230 km) and (87.951±34.60 km) with a corresponding albedo of (0.05±0.09), (0.059±0.007), (0.0536±0.0078) and (0.0275±0.0259).[5][15]

    Two asteroid occultations on 11 March 2008 and on 4 May 2010, gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of (81.6 km × 73.5 km) and (74.0 km × 64.0 km), respectively, each with an intermediate quality rating of 2.[5] These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star.[5]

    References
    1. "735 Marghanna (A912 XD)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(735) Marghanna". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 70. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_736. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 735 Marghanna (A912 XD)" (2020-04-28 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
    4. "Asteroid 735 Marghanna – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 735 Marghanna". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
    6. Zappalà, V.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Cellino, A.; Farinella, P.; Froeschle, C. (1997). "Asteroid Dynamical Families". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1. Retrieved 9 June 2020.} (PDS main page)
    7. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. Carry, B. (December 2012). "Density of asteroids". Planetary and Space Science. 73: 98–118. arXiv:1203.4336. Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009. See Table 1.
    11. Skiff, Brian A.; McLelland, Kyle P.; Sanborn, Jason J.; Pravec, Petr; Koehn, Bruce W. (July 2019). "Lowell Observatory Near-Earth Asteroid Photometric Survey (NEAPS): Paper 3" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 46 (3): 238–265. Bibcode:2019MPBu...46..238S. ISSN 1052-8091.
    12. Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: 12. Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..43C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913322. Retrieved 9 June 2020. (PDS data set)
    13. Mohamed, Rafa A.; Krugly, Yurij N.; Lupishko, Dmitrij F. (April 1995). "Light Curves and Rotation Periods of Asteroids 371 Bohemia, 426 Hippo, 480 Hansa, and 735 Marghanna". The Astronomical Journal. 109: 1877. Bibcode:1995AJ....109.1877M. doi:10.1086/117414. ISSN 0004-6256.
    14. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (735) Marghanna". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
    15. "LCDB Data for (735) Marghanna". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 9 June 2020.
    16. Lim, Lucy F.; McConnochie, Timothy H.; Bell, James F.; Hayward, Thomas L. (February 2005). "Thermal infrared (8 13 μm) spectra of 29 asteroids: the Cornell Mid-Infrared Asteroid Spectroscopy (MIDAS) Survey". Icarus. 173 (2): 385–408. Bibcode:2005Icar..173..385L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.005. ISSN 0019-1035.
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