763 Cupido

763 Cupido (prov. designation: A913 SE or 1913 ST) is a Flora asteroid, tumbler and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 25 September 1913, by German astronomer Franz Kaiser at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[1] The S/L-type asteroid has an exceptionally long rotation period of 151 hours. It was named by its Latin name after Cupid, the Roman god of erotic love, attraction and affection.[3]

763 Cupido
Discovery [1]
Discovered byF. Kaiser
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date25 September 1913
Designations
(763) Cupido
Pronunciation/kjuːˈpaɪdoʊ/[2]
Named after
Cupid (Latin: Cupīdō)
(Roman god)[3]
A913 SE · 1933 TA
1958 AF · 1913 ST
main-belt [1][4] · (inner)
Flora [5][6] · background [7]
AdjectivesCupidinian /kjuːpɪˈdɪniən/[8]
Orbital characteristics [4]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc106.59 yr (38,932 d)
Aphelion2.6136 AU
Perihelion1.8693 AU
2.2415 AU
Eccentricity0.1660
3.36 yr (1,226 d)
279.59°
0° 17m 37.32s / day
Inclination4.0828°
289.82°
88.860°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
7.005±0.115 km[9][10]
151.5±0.1 h[11]
0.373±0.072[9][10]
SL (SDSS-MOC)[12]

    Orbit and classification

    When applying the synthetic hierarchical clustering method (HCM) by Nesvorný,[5] or the 1995 HCM-analysis by Zappalà,[6] Cupido is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.[14]: 23  However, according to another HCM-analysis by Milani and Knežević (AstDys), it is a background asteroid as this analysis does not recognize the Flora asteroid clan.[7] Cupido orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,226 days; semi-major axis of 2.24 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] The body's observation arc begins at Yerkes Observatory (754) in September 1933, or 20 years after to its official discovery observation by Franz Kaiser at Heidelberg Observatory in 1913.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named "Cupido", the Latin name of Cupid, god of erotic love, attraction and affection in Roman mythology whose Greek counterpart is Eros (also see asteroid 433 Eros). Cupido was named due to its relative proximity to the Sun probably by Swedish astronomer Bror Ansgar Asplind (1890–1954) who was honored by asteroid 958 Asplinda. The naming was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 76).[3]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SDSS-based taxonomy, Cupido is an SL-type that transitions from the common, stony S-type asteroids to the uncommon L-type asteroids.[12]

    Rotation period

    In October 2017, a rotational lightcurve of Cupido was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Frederick Pilcher in collaboration with Vladimir Benishek at Belgrade Observatory and Daniel A. Klinglesmith at Etscorn Observatory (719). Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 151.5±0.1 hours with a brightness variation of 0.45±0.10 magnitude (U=3-). The observations also showed that it is a tumbling asteroid, which wobbles on its non-principal axis rotation.[11] During the same opposition, Tom Polakis at the Command Module Observatory (V02) also observed the asteroid and measured a period of 151.1±0.1 hours and an amplitude of 0.24±0.02 magnitude (U=2+).[15] The results supersede a tentative period determination of 14.88 hours by René Roy from 2005.[16]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Cupido measures (7.005±0.115) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.373±0.072).[9][10] Other publications by the WISE team give a mean-diameter of (7.38±1.57 km), (7.644±0.067 km) and (7.76±0.30 km) with a corresponding albedo of (0.33±0.14), (0.3037±0.0529) and (0.322±0.046), respectively.[17][13] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a Flora asteroid of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 8.97 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.6.[13]

    References
    1. "763 Cupido (A913 SE)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
    2. Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(763) Cupido". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 72. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_764. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 763 Cupido (A913 SE)" (2020-04-28 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 763 Cupido – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
    6. Zappalà, V.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Cellino, A.; Farinella, P.; Froeschle, C. (1997). "Asteroid Dynamical Families". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1. Retrieved 2 June 2020.} (PDS main page)
    7. "Asteroid 763 Cupido – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
    8. Gifford & Dyce (1833) Some account of Shirley and his writings, p. 46
    9. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
    10. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. S2CID 119293330.
    11. Pilcher, Frederick; Benishek, Vladimir; Klinglesmith, Daniel A., III; Odden, Caroline E.; Pennington, Olin O. (April 2018). "763 Cupido: A Tumbling Asteroid" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 45 (2): 111–112. Bibcode:2018MPBu...45..111P. ISSN 1052-8091. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    12. Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: 12. Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..43C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913322. Retrieved 2 June 2020. (PDS data set)
    13. "LCDB Data for (763) Cupido". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 2 June 2020.
    14. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131. S2CID 119280014.
    15. Polakis, Tom (April 2018). "Lightcurve Analysis for Seven Main-belt Asteroids" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 45 (2): 112–115. Bibcode:2018MPBu...45..112P. ISSN 1052-8091. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
    16. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (763) Cupido". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
    17. "Asteroid 763 Cupido". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
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