783 Nora

783 Nora (prov. designation: A914 FB or 1914 UL) is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 18 March 1914.[1] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 55.5 hours and measures approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) in diameter. It was likely named after Nora Helmer, principal character in the play A Doll's House by Norwegian poet Henrik Ibsen.[2]

783 Nora
Discovery [1]
Discovered byJ. Palisa
Discovery siteVienna Obs.
Discovery date18 March 1914
Designations
(783) Nora
Named after
Character of Nora Helmer in the play A Doll's House
(By poet Henrik Ibsen)[2]
A914 FB · A911 QG
1914 UL
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc108.44 yr (39,607 d)
Aphelion2.8811 AU
Perihelion1.8046 AU
2.3429 AU
Eccentricity0.2297
3.59 yr (1,310 d)
136.94°
0° 16m 29.28s / day
Inclination9.3410°
142.09°
154.70°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 38.719±0.105 km[7]
  • 39.58±0.62 km[8]
  • 40.02±0.8 km[9]
55.53±0.08 h[10]
  • 0.0635±0.003[9]
  • 0.065±0.002[8]
  • 0.068±0.012[7]
SMASS = C [3]

    Orbit and classification

    Nora is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5][6] It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,310 days; semi-major axis of 2.34 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as A911 QG at Heidelberg Observatory on 28 August 1911, more than two years prior to its official discovery observation at Vienna Observatory.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was likely named after Nora Helmer, the heroine in the play A Doll's House (1879) by Norwegian poet Henrik Ibsen (1828–1906). The name was given by the discoverer's friends. The naming was also mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 78).[2]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, Nora is a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[3][5] In the Tholen classification it is one of few asteroids considered unclassifiable.

    Rotation period

    In March 2018, a rotational lightcurve of Nora was obtained from photometric observations by Tom Polakis at the Command Module Observatory (V02) in Arizona. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 55.53±0.08 hours with a low brightness variation of 0.08±0.02 magnitude (U=2).[10] The result supersedes previous observations by European astronomers at the La Silla, Haute Provence and Hoher List observatories during the 1990s which gave two periods of 24 h and 34.4±0.5 h with an amplitude of 0.2 and 0.08±0.02 magnitude, respectively (U=1/2−).[12][13] In April 2007, French astronomer Arnaud Leroy determined a period of 9.6 h and a brightness variation of 0.01 magnitude (U=1).[14]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Japanese Akari satellite, and the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, Nora measures (38.719±0.105), (39.58±0.62) and (40.02±0.8) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.068±0.012), (0.065±0.002) and (0.0635±0.003), respectively.[7][8][9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0404 and a diameter of 39.84 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.1.[11] Alternative mean-diameter measurements published by the WISE team include (41.712±11.25 km), (42.407±0.229 km), (43.41±12.97 km), (43.43±5.49 km) and (46.96±11.00 km) with corresponding albedos of (0.0299±0.0194), (0.0565±0.0056), (0.028±0.017), (0.034±0.009) and (0.025±0.011).[5][11] On 4 May 2004, an asteroid occultation of Nora gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of (40.0 km × 40.0 km), with a poor quality rating of 1. These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star.[5]

    References
    1. "783 Nora (A914 FB)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(783) Nora". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 74. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_784. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 783 Nora (A914 FB)" (2020-02-04 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
    4. "Asteroid 783 Nora – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 783 Nora". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
    6. Zappalà, V.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Cellino, A.; Farinella, P.; Froeschle, C. (1997). "Asteroid Dynamical Families". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1. Retrieved 1 April 2020. (PDS main page)
    7. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
    8. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    9. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
    10. Polakis, Tom (July 2018). "Lightcurve Analysis for Eleven Main-belt Asteroids" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 45 (3): 269–273. Bibcode:2018MPBu...45..269P. ISSN 1052-8091. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
    11. "LCDB Data for (783) Nora". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 1 April 2020.
    12. Lagerkvist, C. -I.; Magnusson, P.; Debehogne, H.; Hoffmann, M.; Erikson, A.; de Campos, A.; et al. (November 1992). "Physical studies of asteroids. XXV - Photoelectric photometry of asteroids obtained at ESO and Hoher List Observatory". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 95 (3): 461–470. Bibcode:1992A&AS...95..461L. ISSN 0365-0138.
    13. Florczak, M.; Dotto, E.; Barucci, M. A.; Birlan, M.; Erikson, A.; Fulchignoni, M.; et al. (November 1997). "Rotational properties of main belt asteroids: photoelectric and CCD observations of 15 objects". Planetary and Space Science. 45 (11): 1423–1435. Bibcode:1997P&SS...45.1423F. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(97)00121-9. ISSN 0032-0633.
    14. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (783) Nora". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
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