836 Jole

836 Jole (prov. designation: A916 SJ or 1916 AF) is a bright background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 23 September 1916, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.[1] The stony S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 9.6 hours and measures approximately 5.8 kilometers (3.6 miles) in diameter. It was named after Iole, wife of Heracles from Greek mythology.[2]

836 Jole
Discovery [1]
Discovered byM. F. Wolf
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date23 September 1916
Designations
(836) Jole
Pronunciation/ˈdʒoʊliː/
Named after
Iole wife of Heracles
(Greek mythology)[2]
A916 SJ · A903 QA
1916 AF · 1903 QA
main-belt [1][3] · (inner)
background [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc116.07 yr (42,394 d)
Aphelion2.5751 AU
Perihelion1.8048 AU
2.1900 AU
Eccentricity0.1759
3.24 yr (1,184 d)
340.45°
0° 18m 14.76s / day
Inclination4.8449°
199.76°
179.78°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
5.757±0.062 km[6][7]
9.615±0.005 h[8][lower-alpha 1]
0.194±0.028[6][7]
S (SDSS-MOC)[9]
13.20[1][3]

    Orbit and classification

    Located in the orbital region of the Flora family,[10] Jole is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,184 days; semi-major axis of 2.19 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The asteroid was first observed as A903 QA at Heidelberg Observatory on 24 August 1903, where the body's observation arc begins on the following night.[1]

    Naming

    Based on Lutz Schmadel's own research, this minor planet was named from Greek mythology, after Iole, daughter of King Eurytus of Oechalia and wife by force of divine hero Heracles. The naming was not mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955.[2]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SDSS-based taxonomy, Jole is a common, stony S-type asteroid.[9]

    Rotation period

    In September 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Jole was obtained from photometric observations by Daniel Coley at the DanHenge Observatory (U80) at the Center for Solar System Studies. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 9.615±0.005 hours with a brightness variation of 0.37±0.02 magnitude (U=3).[8][lower-alpha 1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Jole measures 5.757±0.062 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.194±0.028.[6][7] Alternative mean-diameters published by the WISE team includes (5.142±0.038 km) and (5.62±0.17 km) with corresponding albedos of (0.2402±0.0283) and (0.293±0.029).[5][10] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo for a Florian asteroid of 0.24 and calculates a diameter of 6.21 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.2.[10]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of (836) Jole by Daniel Coley at the DanHenge Observatory (U80). Rotation period of 9.615±0.005 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.37±0.02 mag. Quality code is 3. Summary figures at the LCDB and CS3.

    References
    1. "836 Jole (A916 SJ)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(836) Jole". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 77. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_837. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 836 Jole (A916 SJ)" (2019-09-18 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
    4. "Asteroid 836 Jole – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 836 Jole". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
    6. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    8. Coley, Daniel (January 2011). "The Lightcurve for Asteroid 836 Jole" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (1): 12–13. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38...12C. ISSN 1052-8091.
    9. Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: 12. Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..43C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913322. Retrieved 9 March 2020. (PDS data set)
    10. "LCDB Data for (836) Jole". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 9 March 2020.
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