873rd Tactical Missile Squadron

The squadron was first activated at Clovis Army Air Field, New Mexico in November 1943 as one of the four original squadrons of the 498th Bombardment Group, an early Boeing B-29 Superfortress very heavy bomber squadrons. The squadron trained in New Mexico and at Great Bend Army Air Field, Kansas with early model B-29s until July 1944, when it began its deployment to the Pacific.[1][3]

The squadron arrived at its combat station, Isely Field, Saipan in September 1944.[1] The squadron's first missions were flown against targets on Iwo Jima and Truk Island. On 24 November 1944, the squadron participated in the first raid on Japan by bombers based in the Mariana Islands. The squadron initially engaged in high altitude daylight attacks against industrial targets in Japan, It was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for an attack on an aircraft manufacturing plant in Nagoya on 13 December 1944.[3]

In March 1945, the tactics of Twentieth Air Force changed and the squadron began flying low level night attacks with incendiaries against area targets. The 873rd received a second DUC for its actions during a low level raid on urban industries near Kobe and Osaka in June 1945. Squadron operations also included attacks on airfields in Okinawa during the invasion of Okinawa in April 1945. After V-J Day, the squadron remained on Saipan until November and reassembled at March Field, California the following month. It became one of the first bombardment units in Strategic Air Command in March 1946, but was inactivated on 4 August and its personnel and equipment were transferred to the 370th Bombardment Squadron, which was simultaneously activated.[1][3][4]

The squadron was redesignated the 873rd Tactical Missile Squadron and reactivated in 1961 as a TM-76 Mace surface to surface missile squadron at Kadena Air Base Okinawa in February 1961. However, it was not until early in 1962 that the squadron's first launch site at Bolo Point became operational. Early arrivals to the squadron assisted contractor personnel in making the launch sites operational.[5] Other launch sites were at Onna Point, White Beach, and in Kin just north of Camp Hansen, although once all four sites were operational they were split with the 874th Tactical Missile Squadron.[6] The squadron was equipped with the B model of the Mace, which was deployed so that a single crew was able to launch all missiles located at a single launch site directly from the underground bunkers in which they were stored. The 873rd was the first squadron equipped with the TM-76B, which used an inertial guidance system.[7]

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the squadron was placed on high alert status. Missile down time for routine maintenance was not permitted, and when a malfunction required taking a missile off alert, its planned target had to be covered by placing a Republic F-105 Thunderchief on cockpit alert at the end of Kadena's runway.[8] The 873rd was inactivated in July 1965 and remaining Mace operations were transferred directly to the 498th Group, which remained active until 1969.[9] One of the dismantled Mace sites now houses a Buddhist training center for Soka Gakkai International. The facility is now known as the "Fortress of Peace" and houses two museums including one devoted to the nuclear weapons once based on Okinawa.[10]

• 498th Bombardment Group, 20 November 1943 – 4 August 1946
• Pacific Air Forces, 25 April 1961 (not organized)
• 498th Tactical Missile Group, 8 February 1961 – 8 July 1965[11][9]

• Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1944
• Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1944–1946
• Martin TM-76B (later MGM-13C, CGM-13C) Mace, 1961–1965[11][12][14]

Explanatory notes

Citations

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

• Fletcher, Harry R (1993). Air Force Bases , Vol. II, Air Bases Outside the United States of America (PDF). Washington, DC: Center for Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
• Mindling, George; Bolton, Robert (2008). U.S. Air Force Tactical Missiles, 1949-1969: The Pioneers. Raleigh, NC: Lulu Press. ISBN 978-0-557-00029-6.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
• Watkins, Robert A. (2017). Insignia and Aircraft Markings of the U.S. Army Air Force in World War II. Vol. VI, China-Burma-India & The Western Pacific. Atglen,PA: Shiffer Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-5273-7.