932 Hooveria

932 Hooveria (prov. designation: A920 FC or 1920 GV) is a dark background asteroid, approximately 59 kilometers (37 miles) in diameter, located in the inner region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Vienna Observatory on 23 March 1920.[1] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Ch) has a long rotation period of 78.4 hours. It was named after then-Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover (1874–1964), who later became president of the United States.[2]

932 Hooveria
Discovery [1]
Discovered byJ. Palisa
Discovery siteVienna Obs.
Discovery date23 March 1920
Designations
(932) Hooveria
Named after
Herbert Hoover
(U.S. Secretary of Commerce)[2]
A920 FC · 1920 GV
A909 GG · 1909 GG
A912 BD · 1912 BD
A913 MD · 1913 MD
A914 TF · 1914 TF
1950 HQ
main-belt [1][3] · (inner)
background [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc99.79 yr (36,448 d)
Aphelion2.6386 AU
Perihelion2.2002 AU
2.4194 AU
Eccentricity0.0906
3.76 yr (1,375 d)
331.44°
0° 15m 42.84s / day
Inclination8.1137°
14.956°
50.025°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
78.44±0.01 h[8][9]
  • 0.049±0.001[7]
  • 0.051±0.006[6]

    Orbit and classification

    Hooveria is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.2–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,375 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The asteroid was first observed as A909 GG (1909 GG) at Heidelberg Observatory on 16 April 1909. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Vienna Observatory on 23 March 1920.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named by the Academic Senate of the Vienna University in honor of then-Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover (1874–1964), in recognition of his help to Austria after World War I. The naming was mentioned in the Astronomische Nachrichten in 1922 (AN 216, 192).[2] Hoover became the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933. A second asteroid 1363 Herberta was also named after him in 1938.

    Another of Palisa's discoveries, asteroid 941 Murray, was also named in appreciation for the help provided to post-war Austria. In this case, it was named after British classical scholar and diplomat Gilbert Murray (1866–1957).

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification, Hooveria is classified as a CB-asteroid, closest to a carbonaceous C-type and somewhat similar to a brighter B-type asteroid.[3] In the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), the asteroid is a Caa-type in the survey's Tholen-like taxonomy, and a hydrated Ch-subtype in the SMASS-like taxonomy of the S3OS2.[5][10]

    Rotation period

    In December 2016, a rotational lightcurve of Hooveria was obtained from photometric observations by Anna Marciniak at the Poznań Observatory and other observers around the world during a survey, that collected spin and shape properties of long-period main-belt asteroids. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 78.44±0.01 hours with a brightness variation of 0.24±0.02 magnitude (U=3).[8] The results supersede observations by Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory (716) and collaborators from February 2010, which gave a rotation period 39.1±0.1 hours (or half the period solution) with a brightness amplitude of 0.22±0.02 magnitude (U=2+).[11][lower-alpha 1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Japanese Akari satellite, Hooveria measures (58.978±0.804) and (60.20±0.71) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of (0.051±0.006) and (0.049±0.001), respectively.[6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 29.72 km based on an absolute magnitude of 10.00.[9]

    Further published mean-diameters and albedos by the WISE team include (59.101±21.01 km), (60.54±17.87 km), (61.70±21.32 km) and (62.973±1.412 km) with corresponding albedos of (0.0347±0.0290), (0.04±0.08), (0.03±0.02), and (0.0296±0.0039).[5][9] An asteroid occultation on 1 February 2006, gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of 33.0 × 33.0 kilometers.[5] These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star. However the quality of the measurement is poorly rated.[5]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of (932) Hooveria, Palmer Divide Observatory, Brian Warner (2010). Rotation period 39.1±0.1 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.22±0.02 mag. Quality code of 2+. Summary figures for (932) Hooveria at the LCDB

    References
    1. "932 Hooveria (A920 FC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(932) Hooveria". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 83. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_933. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 932 Hooveria (A920 FC)" (2020-01-06 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
    4. "Asteroid 932 Hooveria – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 932 Hooveria". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    7. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. Marciniak, A.; Bartczak, P.; Müller, T.; Sanabria, J. J.; Alí-Lagoa, V.; Antonini, P.; et al. (2018). "Photometric survey, modelling, and scaling of long-period and low-amplitude asteroids". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 610: A7. arXiv:1711.01893. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731479.
    9. "LCDB Data for (932) Hooveria". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 17 February 2020.
    10. Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
    11. Warner, Brian D.; Sada, Pedro V.; Pollock, J.; Reichart, Daniel; Ivarsen, Ivan; Haislip, Josh; Lacluyze, Aaron; Nysewander, Melissa (October 2010). "Lightcurve Analysis of 932 Hooveria" (PDF). The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (4): 139. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37..139W.
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