Armin Otto Leuschner

Armin Otto Leuschner (January 16, 1868 – April 22, 1953) was an American astronomer and educator.[1]

Armin Otto Leuschner
Leuschner around 1920
Born16 January 1868
Died22 April 1953
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Berlin
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy
InstitutionsUniversity of California, Berkeley

Biography

Leuschner was born on January 16, 1868, in Detroit, Michigan,[2] but raised in Germany. He returned to the United States for university studies, graduating from the University of Michigan in 1888 with a degree in mathematics. Leuschner then became the first graduate student at Lick Observatory, but due to conflicts with his advisor, Lick director Edward S. Holden, he left Lick before finishing his Ph.D. Leuschner subsequently returned to Germany and attended the University of Berlin, where in 1897 he earned his doctorate with a highly praised thesis on the orbits of comets.

He returned to California as an associate professor in astronomy at University of California, Berkeley, where he remained for over half a century. He founded an observatory there for student instruction, later renamed in his honor Leuschner Observatory. Together with Lick director James E. Keeler, Leuschner shaped the combined graduate program at Berkeley and Lick into one of the nation's foremost centers of astronomical education. Leuschner's own research continued to focus on the orbits of asteroids and comets; this subject required tremendous amounts of detailed computation, which made the work well-suited to be shared with a long series of students, many of whom went on to successful astronomical careers of their own. More than sixty students received their doctorate under Leuschner's guidance.

In 1913, Leuschner became dean of the entire Graduate School at Berkeley, and later was appointed head of all World War I related training at the university. He was a founding member of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, served a term as the president of the American Association of University Professors, and chaired the International Astronomical Union's committee on comets and minor planets for two decades.

Leuschner was one of the first astronomers to dispute Pluto as being Planet X as predicted by Lowell.[3] By 1932 he was already suggesting that Pluto had a mass less than the Earth, and that the discovery of Pluto was an accidental by-product of the Lowell search.[4]

Leuschner at the Fourth Conference International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research at Mount Wilson Observatory, 1910

Honors

Awards

Honors

Named after him

References
  1. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1361) Leuschneria". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1361) Leuschneria. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 110. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1362. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  2. LEUSCHNER, Armin Otto, in Marquis Who's Who in America, 1901-1902 edition; via archive.org
  3. J. K. Davies; J. McFarland; M. E. Bailey; B. G. Marsden; W. I. Ip (2008). "The Early Development of Ideas Concerning the Transneptunian Region" (PDF). In M. Antonietta Baracci; Hermann Boenhardt; Dale Cruikchank; Alissandro Morbidelli (eds.). The Solar System Beyond Neptune. University of Arizona Press. pp. 11–23.
  4. Leuschner, Armin Otto (1932). "The Astronomical Romance of Pluto". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 44 (260): 197–214. Bibcode:1932PASP...44..197L. doi:10.1086/124230.
  5. Joe Tenn. "1936 Bruce Medalist". Sonoma State University. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
  6. "Armin Leuschner". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
  7. "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
  8. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(718) Erida". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (718) Erida. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 69. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_719. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
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