ABHD2

ABHD2
Identifiers
Aliases	ABHD2, HS1-2, LABH2, PHPS1-2, abhydrolase domain containing 2
External IDs	OMIM: 612196 MGI: 1914344 HomoloGene: 23121 GeneCards: ABHD2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 15 (human)[1]
End	89,202,360 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2]
End	79,015,256 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	corpus epididymis; ; Achilles tendon; ; islet of Langerhans; ; gallbladder; ; spinal ganglia; ; sperm; ; duodenum; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; pylorus;
	Top expressed in
	retinal pigment epithelium; ; seminal vesicula; ; ciliary body; ; pineal gland; ; adrenal gland; ; seminiferous tubule; ; submandibular gland; ; piriform cortex; ; olfactory tubercle; ; carotid body;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	carboxylic ester hydrolase activity; hydrolase activity; acylglycerol lipase activity; hormone binding; steroid hormone receptor activity; lipase activity; short-chain carboxylesterase activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; membrane; sperm flagellum; cell projection; sperm plasma membrane; acrosomal vesicle; plasma membrane; cilium; motile cilium;
Biological process	negative regulation of cell migration; response to wounding; lipid metabolism; response to progesterone; lipid catabolic process; acylglycerol catabolic process; steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway; acrosome reaction; sperm capacitation; cellular lipid metabolic process; medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process; medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	11057
	54608
	ENSG00000140526
	ENSMUSG00000039202
	P08910
	Q9QXM0
	NM_007011; NM_152924
	NM_018811
	NP_008942; NP_690888; NP_008942.3; NP_690888.1
	NP_061281
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 2 is a serine hydrolase enzyme that is strongly expressed in human spermatozoa. It is a key controller of sperm hyperactivation, which is a necessary step in allowing sperm to fertilize an egg.[5] It is encoded by the ABHD2 gene.[6]

Function

In the presence of Progesterone (or Pregnenolone Sulfate,[7]) it cleaves 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) into glycerol and arachidonic acid (AA).[8] 2AG inhibits sperm calcium channel CatSper, and so when ABHD2 removes 2AG calcium flows into the cell through the CatSper channel, leading to hyperactivation.[8]

ABHD2 is inhibited by testosterone, (as well as hydrocortisone, and the plant triterpenoids lupeol and pristimerin) which may prevent premature hyperactivation.[7]

Structure

This gene encodes a protein containing an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, which is a catalytic domain found in a very wide range of enzymes. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein.[6]

Role in disease

The ABHD2 gene is down regulated in the lungs of people with Emphysema. Analysis of ABHD2 deficiency in mice found a decrease in phosphatidylcholine levels. The mice developed emphysema which was attributed to an increase in macrophage infiltration, increased inflammatory cytokine levels, an imbalance of protease/anti-protease, and an increase in cell death. This research suggests that ABHD2 is important in maintaining the structural integrity of the lungs, and that disruption of phospholipid metabolism in the alveoli may lead to the development of emphysema.[9] Increased expression has also been seen in the lungs of smokers.[10]

ABHD2 is also expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. Expression has been found to be higher in patients with unstable angina than in patients with stable angina.[11]

Up-regulation of ABHD2 has been observed in cells transfected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (HepG2.2.15 cells). Expression was down-regulated by the drug lamivudine, used in the treatment of hepatitis B. It has been suggested that ABHD2 has an important role in HBV propagation and could be a potential drug target in the treatment of hepatitis B.[12]

Suppression of ABHD2 has been linked to poor prognoses in ovarian cancer and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy drugs.[13]

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140526 - Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039202 - Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Preventing sperm's 'power kick' could be key to unisex contraceptive". Berkeley News. 2016-03-17. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
"Entrez Gene: ABHD2 abhydrolase domain containing 2".
Mannowetz, Nadja; Miller, Melissa R.; Lishko, Polina V. (2017-05-30). "Regulation of the sperm calcium channel CatSper by endogenous steroids and plant triterpenoids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (22): 5743–5748. doi:10.1073/pnas.1700367114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5465908. PMID 28507119.
Miller, Melissa R.; Mannowetz, Nadja; Iavarone, Anthony T.; Safavi, Rojin; Gracheva, Elena O.; Smith, James F.; Hill, Rose Z.; Bautista, Diana M.; Kirichok, Yuriy (2016-04-29). "Unconventional endocannabinoid signaling governs sperm activation via the sex hormone progesterone". Science. 352 (6285): 555–559. Bibcode:2016Sci...352..555M. doi:10.1126/science.aad6887. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 5373689. PMID 26989199.
Jin S, Zhao G, Li Z, Nishimoto Y, Isohama Y, Shen J, Ito T, Takeya M, Araki K, He P, Yamamura K (Mar 2009). "Age-related pulmonary emphysema in mice lacking alpha/beta hydrolase domain containing 2 gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 380 (2): 419–24. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.098. PMID 19250629.
Shahdoust M; et al. (2013). "Finding genes discriminating smokers from non-smokers by applying a growing self-organizing clustering method to large airway epithelium cell microarray data". Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 14 (1): 111–6. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.1.111. PMID 23534707.
Miyata K, Nakayama M, Mizuta S, Hokimoto S, Sugamura K, Oshima S, Oike Y, Sugiyama S, Ogawa H, Yamamura K (Jan 2008). "Elevated mature macrophage expression of human ABHD2 gene in vulnerable plaque". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 365 (2): 207–13. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.127. PMID 17980156.
Ding X, Yang J, Wang S (Mar–Apr 2011). "Antisense oligonucleotides targeting abhydrolase domain containing 2 block human hepatitis B virus propagation". Oligonucleotides. 21 (2): 77–84. doi:10.1089/oli.2011.0280. PMID 21466387.
Yamanoi, Koji; Matsumura, Noriomi; Murphy, Susan K.; Baba, Tsukasa; Abiko, Kaoru; Hamanishi, Junzo; Yamaguchi, Ken; Koshiyama, Masafumi; Konishi, Ikuo; Mandai, Masaki (2016-06-13). "Suppression of ABHD2 , identified through a functional genomics screen, causes anoikis resistance, chemoresistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer". Oncotarget. 7 (30): 47620–47636. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.9951. ISSN 1949-2553. PMC 5216966. PMID 27323405.

External links

Human ABHD2 genome location and ABHD2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

Miyata K, Nakayama M, Mizuta S, Hokimoto S, Sugamura K, Oshima S, Oike Y, Sugiyama S, Ogawa H, Yamamura K (Jan 2008). "Elevated mature macrophage expression of human ABHD2 gene in vulnerable plaque". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 365 (2): 207–213. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.127. PMID 17980156.
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S (Jan 2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
Edgar AJ, Polak JM (Apr 2002). "Cloning and tissue distribution of three murine alpha/beta hydrolase fold protein cDNAs". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 292 (3): 617–625. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6692. PMID 11922611.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (Oct 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Rapiejko PJ, George ST, Malbon CC (Sep 1988). "Primary structure of a human protein which bears structural similarities to members of the rhodopsin/beta-adrenergic receptor family". Nucleic Acids Research. 16 (17): 8721. doi:10.1093/nar/16.17.8721. PMC 338599. PMID 2843827.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140526 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039202 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] "Preventing sperm's 'power kick' could be key to unisex contraceptive". Berkeley News. 2016-03-17. Retrieved 2017-09-13.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: ABHD2 abhydrolase domain containing 2".

[:0-7] Mannowetz, Nadja; Miller, Melissa R.; Lishko, Polina V. (2017-05-30). "Regulation of the sperm calcium channel CatSper by endogenous steroids and plant triterpenoids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (22): 5743–5748. doi:10.1073/pnas.1700367114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5465908. PMID 28507119.

[:1-8] Miller, Melissa R.; Mannowetz, Nadja; Iavarone, Anthony T.; Safavi, Rojin; Gracheva, Elena O.; Smith, James F.; Hill, Rose Z.; Bautista, Diana M.; Kirichok, Yuriy (2016-04-29). "Unconventional endocannabinoid signaling governs sperm activation via the sex hormone progesterone". Science. 352 (6285): 555–559. Bibcode:2016Sci...352..555M. doi:10.1126/science.aad6887. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 5373689. PMID 26989199.

[9] Jin S, Zhao G, Li Z, Nishimoto Y, Isohama Y, Shen J, Ito T, Takeya M, Araki K, He P, Yamamura K (Mar 2009). "Age-related pulmonary emphysema in mice lacking alpha/beta hydrolase domain containing 2 gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 380 (2): 419–24. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.098. PMID 19250629.

[10] Shahdoust M; et al. (2013). "Finding genes discriminating smokers from non-smokers by applying a growing self-organizing clustering method to large airway epithelium cell microarray data". Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 14 (1): 111–6. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.1.111. PMID 23534707.

[11] Miyata K, Nakayama M, Mizuta S, Hokimoto S, Sugamura K, Oshima S, Oike Y, Sugiyama S, Ogawa H, Yamamura K (Jan 2008). "Elevated mature macrophage expression of human ABHD2 gene in vulnerable plaque". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 365 (2): 207–13. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.127. PMID 17980156.

[12] Ding X, Yang J, Wang S (Mar–Apr 2011). "Antisense oligonucleotides targeting abhydrolase domain containing 2 block human hepatitis B virus propagation". Oligonucleotides. 21 (2): 77–84. doi:10.1089/oli.2011.0280. PMID 21466387.

[13] Yamanoi, Koji; Matsumura, Noriomi; Murphy, Susan K.; Baba, Tsukasa; Abiko, Kaoru; Hamanishi, Junzo; Yamaguchi, Ken; Koshiyama, Masafumi; Konishi, Ikuo; Mandai, Masaki (2016-06-13). "Suppression of ABHD2 , identified through a functional genomics screen, causes anoikis resistance, chemoresistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer". Oncotarget. 7 (30): 47620–47636. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.9951. ISSN 1949-2553. PMC 5216966. PMID 27323405.